70

and many were being subjected to exile, and even those dwelling in the desert were being driven from their own cells. At which time Liberius presided over the church in Rome, and Athanasius over the one in Alexandria, and in the city of Constantine, Eudoxius, a teacher of the Arian religion. 183 Exc. Salm.: Valentinian the Great. A widowed woman approached Valentinian, whose property had been seized by Rhodanus the praepositus; and he permitted Salustius to judge her case, and Rhodanus was condemned to return what had been seized. And when he would not obey, and the woman was being troublesome, the emperor burned him in the hippodrome. 184 Exc. De insid.: That in the time of Valens the Arian-minded and Gratian, Procopius, having taken command of the schola, rose up against the city of Constantine, and greatly disturbed the palace within it, and became the cause of many murders and misfortunes. And for a certain time, while fortune awarded variously to both him and Valens, the usurper remained steadfast; but when he was deserted by his own men, he was brought as a prisoner to Valens in the city of Nacoleia; and there, having been tied to two trees, he was torn apart. And Valens, angered at Chalcedon in Bithynia, as it had sided with the usurper and insulted him, destroyed its inhabitants, and undertook the demolition of its wall, transferring the stones from there to the so-called bath of Constantine; where an oracle was also found carved inside the stones being removed. 2. That Valens the Arian-minded, having prepared to Christianize the race of the Goths, was later warred against by them, so that they even reached the walls of the city. And he slaughtered Marcellus and many others, out of suspicion regarding the emperorship; and, simply put, all were in danger whose name began with Theta, especially Theodosii and Theodoti; for this the necromantic oracle had revealed to him; and straightway he proceeded against the barbarians; and he died, having been defeated.

t185 GRATIAN.

185 Exc. De virt.: That Gratian, when he learned of the death of his uncle Valens, immediately hastened to the eastern Rome, and having condemned the cruelty of his uncle Valens toward the Christians, he swiftly recalled those exiled by him, both restoring their property to them and remedying the damages; and he provided a law for all to assemble in their own churches without fear and without strife, and that only Eunomians, Photinians, and Manichaeans be barred from the houses of prayer.

t186-190 THEODOSIUS. 186 Exc. De ins.: That in the time of the emperor Theodosius, Maximus, having risen up against the rule of the Romans from the parts around Britain, attacked Gratian while he was struggling in the war against the Alamanni, and through Andragathius, his partner in usurpation, he was treacherously plotted against before the city of Lugdunum in Gaul as he was crossing a river. So Gratian died, having lived 24 years, and reigned 15 years. 2. The cause of the movement against Gratian for Maximus was this. This man, having campaigned with the emperor Theodosius in Britain in the time of Valens, was resentful that Theodosius was deemed worthy of the emperorship by Gratian, while he himself had not chanced to advance to any honorable office, and he stirred up the soldiers in Britain to hatred against the emperor; and he was proclaimed emperor by them. 3. So with Gratian having been killed in the aforementioned manner, the rule passed to

70

πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ ἐξορίαις ὑποβάλλεσθαι, καὶ αὐτοὺς δὲ τοὺς κατὰ τὴν ἔρημον ἐμφωλεύοντας τῶν ἰδίων σηκῶν ἀπελαύνεσθαι. Καθ' ὃν χρόνον τῆς μὲν ἐν Ῥώμῃ ἐκκλησίας Λιβέριος προειστήκει, τῆς δὲ ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ Ἀθανάσιος, καὶ τῆς ἐν Κωνσταντίνου πόλει Εὐδόξιος τῆς Ἀρείου θρησκείας διδάσκαλος. 183 Exc. Salm.: Οὐαλεντινιανὸς ὁ μέγας. Οὐαλεντινιανῷ προσῆλθε γυνὴ χήρα, τῆς οὐσίας αὐτῆς ὑπὸ Ῥοδανοῦ πραιποσίτου ἁρπαγείσης· ὁ δὲ ἐπέτρεψε Σαλουστίῳ κρῖναι αὐτὴν, καὶ κατεκρίθη ὁ Ῥοδανὸς ἀποδοῦναι τὰ ἁρπαγέντα. Ὡς δ' οὐκ ἐπείθετο, καὶ ἡ γυνὴ ὤχλει, ἔκαυσεν αὐτὸν ἐν τῷ ἱπποδρόμῳ ὁ βασιλεύς. 184 Exc. De insid.: Ὅτι ἐπὶ Οὐάλεντος τοῦ ἀρειανόφρονος καὶ Γρατιανοῦ, Προκόπιος τῆς σχολῆς ἐπιλαβόμενος, ἐπανίσταται τῇ Κωνσταντίνου πόλει, ἐθορύβει τε τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ βασίλεια ἱκανῶς, πολλῶν τε γίνεται φόνων καὶ συμφορῶν αἴτιος. Καὶ μέχρι μὲν οὖν τινὸς τῆς τύχης διαφόρως αὐτῷ τε καὶ Οὐάλεντι βραβευούσης, ἔμενεν ὁ τύραννος ἀκλινής· ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων ἐγυμνώθη, δέσμιος ἐν Νακολείᾳ πόλει Οὐάλεντι προσήχθη· ἐκεῖ τε δύω δένδρων ἐκδεθεὶς διεσπα ράχθη. Καὶ ὁ Οὐάλης τῇ κατὰ Βιθυνίαν ὀργισθεὶς Χαλκηδόνι, οἷα τῷ τυράννῳ συνελθούσῃ, καὶ αὐτὸν ἐξυβρισάσῃ, τοὺς μὲν εἰς αὐτὴν οἰκοῦντας διέφθειρε, καὶ τὴν τοῦ τείχους αὐτῆς κατάλυσιν ἐποιεῖτο, τοὺς ἐκεῖθεν λίθους εἰς τὸ λεγόμενον Κωνσταντίνου λουτρὸν μεταφέρων· ἔνθα καὶ χρησμὸν εὑρεθῆναι ἐγκεκολαμμένον ἐντὸς τῶν ἀφελκομένων λίθων. 2. Ὅτι Οὐάλης ὁ ἀρειανόφρων τὸ τῶν Γότθων γένος χριστιανίζειν παρασκευάσας, ὑπ' αὐτῶν ὕστερον ἐπολεμεῖτο, ὡς καὶ μέχρι τειχῶν τῆς πόλεως ἀφικέσθαι. Ἀπέσφαξε δὲ καὶ τὸν Μάρκελλον καὶ πολλοὺς ἄλλους, ἐκ τῆς εἰς βασιλείαν ὑποψίας· καὶ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν, ἐκινδύνευον ἅπαντες, ὅσοι τὸ Θ ἀρχὴν τῆς προσηγορίας ἐλάμβανον, μάλιστα Θεοδόσιοι καὶ Θεόδοτοι· τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ τῆς νεκυίας αὐτῷ μαντεία ἀπέφηνεν· αὐτίκα δὲ κατὰ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐχώρει· καὶ τελευτᾷ ἡττηθείς.

t185 ΓΡΑΤΙΑΝΟΣ.

185 Exc. De virt.: Ὅτι Γρατιανὸς ὡς ἐπύθετο τὴν τοῦ Οὐάλεντος τοῦ θείου

τελευτὴν, αὐτίκα πρὸς τὴν ἑῴαν Ῥώμην διέθει, καὶ καταγνοὺς τῆς τοῦ θείου Οὐάλεντος περὶ τοὺς Χριστιανοὺς ὠμότητος, τοὺς μὲν ὑπ' ἐκείνου ἐξορισθέντας διὰ ταχέων ἀνεκαλεῖτο, οὐσίας τε αὐτοῖς ἀποδιδοὺς καὶ θεραπεύων τὰς βλάβας· πᾶσί τε νόμον παρεῖχεν ἀδεῶς καὶ ἀδηρίτως ἐν ταῖς ἰδίαις ἐκκλησίαις συνάγεσθαι, μόνους δὲ τῶν εὐκτηρίων εἴργεσθαι Εὐνομιανοὺς, Φωτεινιανοὺς, Μανιχαίους.

t186-190 ΘΕΟ∆ΟΣΙΟΣ. 186 Exc. De ins.: Ὅτι ἐπὶ Θεοδοσίου τοῦ βασιλέως Μάξιμος ἐκ τῶν περὶ τὰς

Βρεττανίας μερῶν ἐπαναστὰς τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχῇ, κάμνοντι τῷ Γρατιανῷ εἰς τὸν κατὰ Ἀλαμανῶν πόλεμον ἐπιτίθεται, καὶ δι' Ἀνδραγαθίου, τοῦ τῆς τυραννίδος κοινωνοῦ, πρὸ Λουγδούνου τῆς ἐν Γαλλίᾳ πόλεως ποταμὸν διαβαίνοντι ἐπιβουλεύεται δολίως. Ἐτελεύτα μὲν οὖν Γρατιανὸς, βιώσας ἔτη κδʹ, βασιλεύσας ἔτη ιεʹ. 2. Αἰτία δὲ τῆς κατὰ Γρατιανοῦ κινήσεως τῷ Μαξίμῳ γέγονεν ἥδε. Οὗτος Θεοδοσίῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ κατὰ τὴν Βρεττανίαν συστρατευσάμενος ἐν τοῖς Οὐάλεντος χρόνοις, δυσανασχετῶν ὅτι Θεοδόσιος ἀπὸ Γρατιανοῦ βασιλείας ἠξιώθη, αὐτὸς δὲ οὐδὲ εἰς ἀρχὴν ἔντιμον ἔτυχε προελθὼν, ἤγειρε τοὺς ἐν Βρεττανίᾳ στρατιώτας εἰς τὸ κατὰ τοῦ βασιλέως ἔχθος· καὶ ἀνηγορεύθη παρ' αὐτῶν βασιλεύς. 3. Τοῦ τοίνυν Γρατιανοῦ κατὰ τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον ἀναιρεθέντος, περιῆλθεν ἡ ἀρχὴ εἰς