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these things had long ago been divinely foretold in the sacred books. And what happened in this way led many of the Greeks and Jews to Christianity. 4.6.1 At this time, Photinus, who was in charge of the church in Sirmium, having already previously become the originator of a new heresy, while the emperor was still residing there, openly adhered to his own dogma. and being naturally gifted in speaking, 4.6.2 and able to persuade, he brought many over to the same opinion as himself. He said that God is one, the Almighty, who created all things by his own word; but he did not accept the generation and existence of the Son before the ages, but taught that Christ was born of 4.6.3 Mary. And when such a dogma became widely known to many, the bishops from both the West and the East were indignant, and they commonly considered these things to be an innovation against what each of them believed. For the faith of Photinus was shown to be in complete disagreement both with those who admired the tradition of Nicaea and with those who praised the opinion of Arius. 4.6.4 And at these things the emperor also was angry; and while staying at that time in Sirmium, he summoned a synod. And there came together from the East, among others, George, who had been entrusted with the church of the Alexandrians, and Basil, bishop of Ancyra, and Mark of Arethusa, and from the West, Valens of Mursa and Hosius the confessor, who, having also taken part in the synod of Nicaea, 4.6.5 unwillingly participated in this one as well. For he, not long before, had been condemned through the plotting of those who held the opinions of Arius to live in exile, was recalled by the emperor at the urgency of those gathered in Sirmium. For they thought that, if by some persuasion or by force they could make him, a most distinguished man and admired by all, vote with them, he would be a credible witness for them of their own 4.6.6 dogma. When therefore they came together in Sirmium (and this was the year after the consulate of Sergius and Nigrianus, when no consul was appointed from either the East or the West on account of the public disturbance that occurred on the pretext of the tyrants), they deposed Photinus as holding the opinions of Sabellius and Paul of 4.6.7 Samosata. And after these things, again, contrary to what had been previously decreed, they issued three expositions concerning the faith, of which they composed one in the Greek language, and the others in the Roman language, in many respects, both in wording and in meaning, 4.6.8 agreeing neither with themselves nor with those previously decreed. It must be known, however, that the Greek [exposition] said the Son was neither of one substance nor of like substance with the Father; and it anathematizes those who assert that he is without beginning, or that the Son makes the substance of God to be extended, or who hold that he is co-ordinate but not subordinate to the Father 4.6.. But one of the Roman [expositions], concerning substance, which the Romans call substantia, whether the Son is of one substance or of like substance with the Father, entirely forbids speaking of, as being things neither spoken of in the sacred 4.6.10 Scriptures nor comprehensible to human conceptions or knowledge. And it exhorts that it is necessary to confess the Father to be greater in honor and dignity and divinity and in the very name of Father, and it holds that the Son is subordinate to the Father with all things, and that the Father has no beginning, but the generation of the Son is unknown 4.6.11 to all except the Father. And it is said that this document having been published, since it was improperly composed, the bishops in charge hastened to take it back for correction; and that the emperor ordered this, threatening punishment against those who concealed it; but the one once published was by no means any longer 4.6.12 concealed. And the third document in other respects agrees in meaning with the others, but it removed the name of substance; and it has this reason in these very words in the Roman tongue: «But the name of substance, which was set forth rather simply by the fathers, but, being unknown"7 to the many, brought scandal because it is not even contained in the Scriptures, "7it has been decided to remove it and that no mention of substance at all be made"7, especially because the divine Scriptures nowhere [say] that the Father and "7Son and Holy Spirit are one substance (it is written

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θείαν πάλαι ταῦτα προμεμηνῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς ἱεραῖς βίβλοις. καὶ τὸ μὲν ὧδε συμβὰν πολλοὺς ῾Ελλήνων καὶ ᾿Ιουδαίων εἰς Χριστια-νισμὸν ἐπηγάγετο. 4.6.1 ᾿Εν τούτῳ δὲ Φωτεινὸς τὴν ἐν Σιρμίῳ ἐκκλησίαν ἐπιτροπεύων, ἤδη πρότερον καινῆς αἱρέσεως εἰσηγητὴς γενόμενος, ἔτι τοῦ βασιλέως ἐνδημοῦντος ἐνθάδε ἀναφανδὸν τῷ οἰκείῳ συνίστατο δόγματι. φύσεως δὲ ἔχων εὖ λέγειν, 4.6.2 καὶ πείθειν ἱκανὸς πολλοὺς εἰς τὴν ὁμοίαν ἑαυτῷ δόξαν ἐπηγάγετο. ἔλεγε δὲ ὡς θεὸς μέν ἐστι παντοκράτωρ εἷς, ὁ τῷ ἰδίῳ λόγῳ πάντα δημιουργήσας· τὴν δὲ πρὸ αἰώνων γέννησίν τε καὶ ὕπαρξιν τοῦ υἱοῦ οὐ προσίετο, ἀλλ' ἐκ 4.6.3 Μαρίας γεγενῆσθαι τὸν Χριστὸν εἰσηγεῖτο. περιπύστου δὲ πολλοῖς γενομένου τοῦ τοιούτου δόγματος χαλεπῶς ἔφερον οἵ τε ἐκ τῆς δύσεως καὶ τῆς ἕω ἐπίσκοποι, καὶ κοινῇ ταῦτα νεωτερίζεσθαι καθ' ὧν ἕκαστος ἐδόξαζεν ἡγοῦντο. καθάπαξ γὰρ τὸ διαφωνοῦν ἐδείκνυτο τῆς Φωτεινοῦ πίστεως πρός τε τῶν ἐν Νικαίᾳ τὴν παράδοσιν θαυμαζόντων καὶ τῶν τὴν ᾿Αρείου δόξαν 4.6.4 ἐπαινούντων. ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐχαλέπαινεν· ἐν δὲ τῷ τότε ἐν Σιρμίῳ διατρίβων σύνοδον συνεκάλεσε. καὶ συνῆλθον ἐκ μὲν τῆς ἕω ἄλλοι τε καὶ Γεώργιος ὁ τὴν ᾿Αλεξανδρέων ἐπιτραπεὶς ἐκκλησίαν καὶ Βασίλειος ὁ ᾿Αγκύρας ἐπίσκοπος καὶ Μᾶρκος ὁ ᾿Αρεθούσης, ἐκ δὲ τῆς δύσεως Οὐάλης τε ὁ ἐκ Μουρσῶν καὶ ῞Οσιος ὁ ὁμολογητής, ὃς καὶ τῆς ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνόδου 4.6.5 κοινωνήσας ἄκων καὶ ταύτης μετέσχε. οὗτος γὰρ οὐ πολλῷ πρότερον ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς τῶν τὰ ᾿Αρείου φρονούντων ὑπερορίαν οἰκεῖν καταδικασθείς, σπουδῇ τῶν ἐν Σιρμίῳ συνελθόντων μετεκλήθη παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως. ᾤοντο γὰρ ὡς, εἰ πειθοῖ τινι ἢ βίᾳ σύμψηφον σφίσι ποιήσουσιν ἐπισημότατον ὄντα καὶ πρὸς πάντων θαυμαζόμενον, ἀξιόχρεως αὐτοῖς ἔσται μάρτυς τοῦ οἰκείου 4.6.6 δόγματος. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐν Σιρμίῳ συνῆλθον (ἔτος δὲ τοῦτο ἦν μετὰ τὴν Σεργίου καὶ Νιγριανοῦ ὑπατείαν, ἡνίκα οὐδεὶς ὕπατος οὔτε ἐκ τῆς ἕω οὔτε ἐκ τῆς δύσεως ἀνεδείχθη διὰ τὴν συμβᾶσαν προφάσει τῶν τυράννων περὶ τὰ κοινὰ ταραχήν), τὸν μὲν Φωτεινὸν καθεῖλον ὡς τὰ Σαβελλίου καὶ Παύλου τοῦ 4.6.7 Σαμοσατέως φρονοῦντα. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάλιν παρὰ τὰ πρότερον δεδογμένα περὶ τῆς πίστεως τρεῖς ἐκθέσεις ἐξέδωκαν, ὧν τὴν μὲν τῇ ῾Ελλήνων φωνῇ, τὰς δὲ τῇ ῾Ρωμαίων συνέταξαν, ἐν πολλοῖς περί τε ῥητὸν καὶ ἔννοιαν 4.6.8 οὔτε ἑαυταῖς οὔτε ταῖς πρότερον δεδογμέναις συμφωνούσας. ἰστέον μέντοι ὡς ἡ ῾Ελληνικὴ οὔτε ὁμοούσιον οὔτε ὁμοιούσιον τῷ πατρὶ τὸν υἱὸν εἶπε· τοὺς δὲ φάσκοντας αὐτὸν ἄναρχον εἶναι, ἢ πλατυνομένην τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν υἱὸν ποιεῖν, ἢ συντετάχθαι ἀλλὰ μὴ ὑποτετάχθαι τῷ πατρὶ 4.6. δοξάζοντας ἀποκηρύττειν. θατέρα δὲ τῶν ῾Ρωμαϊκῶν περὶ μὲν οὐσίας, ἣν σουβσταντίαν ῾Ρωμαῖοι ὀνομάζουσιν, εἴτε ὁμοούσιος εἴτε ὁμοιούσιός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τῷ πατρί, παντελῶς ἀπαγορεύει λέγειν, ὡς οὔτε ταῖς ἱεραῖς εἰρημένα 4.6.10 γραφαῖς οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐννοίαις ἢ γνώσει εὔληπτα. μείζονα δὲ χρῆναι συνομολογεῖν τὸν πατέρα παρακελεύεται τιμῇ καὶ ἀξίᾳ καὶ θειότητι καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ πατρικῷ ὀνόματι, καὶ ὑποτετάχθαι τῷ πατρὶ τὸν υἱὸν μετὰ πάντων ἀξιοῖ, καὶ τοῦ μὲν πατρὸς ἀρχὴν μὴ εἶναι, τοῦ δὲ υἱοῦ τὴν γένεσιν ἄγνωστον 4.6.11 πᾶσι πλὴν τοῦ πατρός. λέγεται δὲ ἤδη ταύτην τὴν γραφὴν ἐκδοθεῖσαν ὡς μὴ δεόντως συγκειμένην σπουδάσαι τοὺς ἐγκειμένους ἐπισκόπους ἐπὶ διορθώσει ἀναλαβεῖν· καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τοῦτο προστάξαι τιμωρίαν ἀπειλήσαντα κατὰ τῶν ἀποκρυπτόντων· ἀλλ' ἡ μὲν ἅπαξ ἐκδοθεῖσα παντελῶς 4.6.12 οὐκέτι ἔλαθεν. ἡ δὲ τρίτη γραφὴ τὰ μὲν ἄλλα συμφέρεται τῇ διανοίᾳ ταῖς ἄλλαις, τὸ δὲ τῆς οὐσίας ὄνομα περιεῖλε· καὶ αἰτίαν τήνδε αὐτοῖς ῥητοῖς ἔχει διὰ τῆς ῾Ρωμαίων φωνῆς· «Τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῆς οὐσίας, ὅπερ ἁπλούστερον ἐτέθη ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων, ἀγνο"7ούμενον δὲ τοῖς πολλοῖς σκάνδαλον ἔφερε διὰ τὸ μηδὲ ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς αὐτὸ "7ἐμφέρεσθαι, ἤρεσε περιαιρεθῆναι καὶ παντελῶς μηδεμίαν μνήμην οὐσίας "7ποιεῖσθαι, διὰ τὸ μάλιστα τὰς θείας γραφὰς μηδαμοῦ περὶ πατρὸς καὶ "7υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου πνεύματος μίαν εἶναι οὐσίαν (γράφεται