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who were corrupting the pure seed of the apostolic teaching, the pastors of the churches everywhere, driving them away like wild beasts from the sheep of Christ, restrained them, sometimes by admonitions and exhortations to the brethren, and sometimes by contending more openly against them, with unwritten investigations face to face and refutations, and now also through written commentaries, correcting their opinions with most accurate refutations. Theophilus, indeed, having campaigned against them with the others, is known from a certain treatise, by no means ignobly composed by him against Marcion, which itself, along with those others we have mentioned, has been preserved to this day. Maximinus, the seventh from the apostles, succeeded him in the church of the Antiochenes; and Philip, indeed, whom we know from the words of Dionysius to have been bishop of the parish in Gortyna, also himself composed a very earnest treatise against Marcion, and likewise Irenaeus and Modestus, who, more effectively than the others, exposed the man's error for all to see, and many others, whose labors are still preserved among most of the brethren. At this time also Melito, bishop of the parish in Sardis, and Apollinaris of Hierapolis were flourishing in distinction, who also, each for himself, addressed discourses of apology for the faith to the Roman emperor who was mentioned in those times. 4.26.2 Of these, the following have come to our knowledge: Of Melito, the two On the Pascha, and the one On Conduct and the Prophets, and the Discourse on the Church, and the one On the Lord's Day, and further the one On the Faith of Man, and the one On Creation, and the one On the Obedience of Faith of the Senses, and in addition to these the one On the Soul and Body, and the one On Baptism, and On Truth, and On Faith and the Generation of Christ, and his Discourse of Prophecy, and on the soul and body, and the one On Hospitality, and The Key, and the works On the Devil, and the Revelation of John, and the one On the Corporeal God, and in addition to all, the 4.26.3 little book To Antoninus. In the work On the Pascha, then, he indicates the time when he composed it at the beginning, in these words: "In the time of Servillius Paulus, proconsul of Asia, at the time when Sagaris bore his witness, a great dispute arose in Laodicea concerning the Pascha, which fell at that time in those days, and these things were written." 4.26.4 And Clement of Alexandria mentions this discourse in his own discourse on the Pascha, which he says he himself composed because of Melito's writing. And in the book to the emperor he relates that certain things like the following had happened against us in his time: 4.26.5 "For what has never before happened, the race of the pious is now persecuted, driven by new decrees throughout Asia. For shameless informers and lovers of other men's goods, taking opportunity from the edicts, plunder openly, robbing night and day those who have done no wrong." 4.26.6 And after other things he says: "And if this is done by your command, let it be considered well done; for a just emperor would never make an unjust decision, and we gladly bear the honor of such a death. But this one request only we offer you, that you yourself first take cognizance of the instigators of such contention, and judge righteously whether they are worthy of death and punishment, or of safety and peace. But if this counsel and this new decree, which is not fitting even against barbarian enemies, is not from you, we beseech you all the more not to overlook us in such public pillage." 4.26.7 To these things he adds again, saying: "For our philosophy first flourished among the barbarians, but blossomed forth among your peoples during the great reign of your ancestor Augustus, and became especially an auspicious good for your kingdom. For from that time the power of the Romans has grown to be great and splendid; of which you have become and will be the desired successor with your son, preserving for the kingdom the

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λυμαινομένων τὸν εἰλικρινῆ τῆς ἀποστολικῆς διδασκαλίας σπόρον, οἱ πανταχόσε τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν ποιμένες, ὥσπερ τινὰς θῆρας ἀγρίους τῶν Χριστοῦ προβάτων ἀποσοβοῦντες, αὐτοὺς ἀνεῖργον τοτὲ μὲν ταῖς πρὸς τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς νουθεσίαις καὶ παραινέσεσιν, τοτὲ δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς γυμνότερον ἀποδυόμενοι, ἀγράφοις τε εἰς πρόσωπον ζητήσεσι καὶ ἀνατροπαῖς, ἤδη δὲ καὶ δι' ἐγγράφων ὑπομνημάτων τὰς δόξας αὐτῶν ἀκριβεστάτοις ἐλέγχοις διευθύνοντες. ὅ γέ τοι Θεόφιλος σὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις κατὰ τούτων στρατευσάμενος δῆλός ἐστιν ἀπό τινος οὐκ ἀγεννῶς αὐτῷ κατὰ Μαρκίωνος πεπονημένου λόγου, ὃς καὶ αὐτὸς μεθ' ὧν ἄλλων εἰρήκαμεν εἰς ἔτι νῦν διασέσωσται. τοῦτον μὲν οὖν ἕβδομος ἀπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων τῆς Ἀντιοχέων ἐκκλησίας διαδέχεται Μαξιμῖνος· Φίλιππός γε μήν, ὃν ἐκ τῶν ∆ιονυσίου φωνῶν τῆς ἐν Γορτύνῃ παροικίας ἐπίσκοπον ἔγνωμεν, πάνυ γε σπουδαιότατον πεποίηται καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ Μαρκίωνος λόγον, Εἰρηναῖός τε ὡσαύτως καὶ Μόδεστος, ὃς καὶ διαφερόντως παρὰ τοὺς ἄλλους τὴν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς εἰς ἔκδηλον τοῖς πᾶσιν κατεφώρασε πλάνην, καὶ ἄλλοι δὲ πλείους, ὧν παρὰ πλείστοις τῶν ἀδελφῶν εἰς ἔτι νῦν οἱ πόνοι διαφυλάττονται. Ἐπὶ τῶνδε καὶ Μελίτων τῆς ἐν Σάρδεσιν παροικίας ἐπίσκοπος Ἀπολινάριός τε τῆς ἐν Ἱεραπόλει διαπρεπῶς ἤκμαζον, οἳ καὶ τῷ δηλωθέντι κατὰ τοὺς χρόνους Ῥωμαίων βασιλεῖ λόγους ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ἰδίως ἑκάτερος ἀπολογίας προσεφώνησαν. 4.26.2 τούτων εἰς ἡμετέραν γνῶσιν ἀφῖκται τὰ ὑποτεταγμένα· Μελίτωνος, τὰ Περὶ τοῦ πάσχα δύο καὶ τὸ Περὶ πολιτείας καὶ προφητῶν καὶ ὁ Περὶ ἐκκλησίας καὶ ὁ Περὶ κυριακῆς λόγος, ἔτι δὲ ὁ Περὶ πίστεως ἀνθρώπου καὶ ὁ Περὶ πλάσεως καὶ ὁ Περὶ ὑπακοῆς πίστεως αἰσθητηρίων καὶ πρὸς τούτοις ὁ Περὶ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος ηνενοις καὶ ὁ Περὶ λουτροῦ καὶ περὶ ἀληθείας καὶ περὶ πίστεως καὶ γενέσεως Χριστοῦ καὶ λόγος αὐτοῦ προφητείας καὶ περὶ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ ὁ Περὶ φιλοξενίας καὶ ἡ Κλεὶς καὶ τὰ Περὶ τοῦ διαβόλου καὶ τῆς Ἀποκαλύ ψεως Ἰωάννου καὶ ὁ Περὶ ἐνσωμάτου θεοῦ, ἐπὶ πᾶσι καὶ τὸ 4.26.3 Πρὸς Ἀντωνῖνον βιβλίδιον. ἐν μὲν οὖν τῷ Περὶ τοῦ πάσχα τὸν χρόνον καθ' ὃν συνέταττεν, ἀρχόμενος σημαίνει ἐν τούτοις· «ἐπὶ Σερουιλλίου Παύλου ἀνθυπάτου τῆς Ἀσίας, ᾧ Σάγαρις καιρῷ ἐμαρτύρησεν, ἐγένετο ζήτησις πολλὴ ἐν Λαοδικείᾳ περὶ τοῦ πάσχα, ἐμπεσόντος κατὰ καιρὸν ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις, καὶ ἐγράφη ταῦτα». 4.26.4 τούτου δὲ τοῦ λόγου μέμνηται Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεὺς ἐν ἰδίῳ περὶ τοῦ πάσχα λόγῳ, ὃν ὡς ἐξ αἰτίας τῆς τοῦ Μελίτωνος γραφῆς φησιν ἑαυτὸν συντάξαι. ἐν δὲ τῷ πρὸς τὸν αὐτοκράτορα βιβλίῳ τοιαῦτά τινα καθ' ἡμῶν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ γεγονέναι ἱστορεῖ· 4.26.5 «τὸ γὰρ οὐδεπώποτε γενόμενον, νῦν διώκεται τὸ τῶν θεοσεβῶν γένος καινοῖς ἐλαυνόμενον δόγμασιν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν. οἱ γὰρ ἀναιδεῖς συκοφάνται καὶ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐρασταὶ τὴν ἐκ τῶν διαταγμάτων ἔχοντες ἀφορμήν, φανερῶς λῃστεύουσι, νύκτωρ καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν διαρπάζοντες τοὺς μηδὲν ἀδικοῦντας». 4.26.6 καὶ μεθ' ἕτερά φησιν· «καὶ εἰ μὲν σοῦ κελεύσαντος τοῦτο πράττεται, ἔστω καλῶς γινόμενον· δίκαιος γὰρ βασιλεὺς οὐκ ἂν ἀδίκως βουλεύσαιτο πώποτε, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἡδέως φέρομεν τοῦ τοιούτου θανάτου τὸ γέρας· ταύτην δέ σοι μόνην προσφέρομεν δέησιν ἵνα αὐτὸς πρότερον ἐπιγνοὺς τοὺς τῆς τοιαύτης φιλονεικίας ἐργάτας, δικαίως κρίνειας εἰ ἄξιοι θανάτου καὶ τιμωρίας ἢ σωτηρίας καὶ ἡσυχίας εἰσίν. εἰ δὲ καὶ παρὰ σοῦ μὴ εἴη ἡ βουλὴ αὕτη καὶ τὸ καινὸν τοῦτο διάταγμα, ὃ μηδὲ κατὰ βαρβάρων πρέπει πολεμίων, πολὺ μᾶλλον δεόμεθά σου μὴ περιιδεῖν ἡμᾶς ἐν τοιαύτῃ δημώδει λεηλασίᾳ». 4.26.7 τούτοις αὖθις ἐπιφέρει λέγων· «ἡ γὰρ καθ' ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία πρότερον μὲν ἐν βαρβάροις ἤκμασεν, ἐπανθήσασα δὲ τοῖς σοῖς ἔθνεσιν κατὰ τὴν Αὐγούστου τοῦ σοῦ προγόνου μεγάλην ἀρχήν, ἐγενήθη μάλιστα τῇ σῇ βασιλείᾳ αἴσιον ἀγαθόν. ἔκτοτε γὰρ εἰς μέγα καὶ λαμπρὸν τὸ Ῥωμαίων ηὐξήθη κράτος· οὗ σὺ διάδοχος εὐκταῖος γέγονάς τε καὶ ἔσῃ μετὰ τοῦ παιδός, φυλάσσων τῆς βασιλείας τὴν