John Chrysostom, On Matthew

mixing with his words. This is what the Baptist has also done here, and he has provided the greatest proof of what has been said, the gift of the Spirit. For He who is able to do so much, as both to forgive sins and to give the Spirit, will be able to do these things much more, he says. Did you see how the mystery of the resurrection and the judgment was already being laid down in order? And for what reason, he says, did he not speak of the signs and wonders that would immediately come from him? Because this was greater than all, and for this reason all those things were happening. For by stating the main point, he included everything: the loosing of death, the removal of sins, the vanishing of the curse, the deliverance from long-standing wars, the entrance into paradise, the ascent into the heavens, the life with angels, the participation in the good things to come; for this is the pledge of those things. Therefore, by saying this, he also spoke of the resurrection of bodies, and the display of signs here, and the participation in the kingdom, and the good things, Which eye has not seen, and ear has not heard, and have not entered into the heart of man. For he has provided all these things to us through that gift. It was therefore superfluous to speak about the signs that would immediately come to pass and be judged by sight; but it was necessary to speak about those things which they doubted; for instance, that He is the Son of God, that He is incomparably superior to John, that He takes away the sin of the world, that He will demand justice for what has been done, that our affairs are not limited to the present, but that there each person will undergo a worthy punishment. For it was not yet possible to present these things to sight. 7. Knowing these things, therefore, let us use great diligence, as long as we are on the threshing floor; for it is possible for those who are here to be changed from chaff into wheat, just as indeed many have become chaff from wheat. Let us not, therefore, fall away, nor be carried about by every wind, nor be separated from our brothers, even if they seem to be small and of no account; since the wheat is also smaller than the chaff in measure, but better in nature. Do not, then, look at the outward appearances; for they are prepared for the fire; but the humility according to 57.200 God, this firm and indissoluble thing, which cannot be cut, nor burned by the fire. For on account of these He is patient with the chaff, so that from their association with them they may become better. For this reason there is not yet judgment, so that we may all be crowned together, so that many may be changed from wickedness to virtue. Let us shudder, therefore, hearing this parable. For that fire is unquenchable. And how, he says, is it unquenchable? Do you not see this sun, always burning and never being extinguished? Did you not see the bush burning, and not being consumed? If, therefore, you yourself also wish to escape the flame, lay up almsgiving beforehand, and thus you will not even have experience of that fire. For if you believe what is said here, you will not even see this furnace when you depart thither; but if you disbelieve it now, there you will know well through experience, when it is not even possible to escape. For the punishment is inescapable for those who have not displayed an upright life. For it is not enough only to believe; since even demons shudder at God, but even so they will be punished. Therefore we need great care in our life. For on this account we also gather you here continually, not that you may only enter, but that you may also gain some fruit from your time here; but if you are always present, but depart gaining nothing from here, there will be no benefit from your entrance and attendance here. For if, when we send children to teachers, we see them gaining nothing from there, we become vehement accusers of the teachers, and often we move them to others; what defense will we have, not even providing as much diligence for virtue as we do in these earthly things, but always bringing our tablets home empty? And yet here the teachers are both more numerous and greater. For we set before you as teachers prophets, and apostles, and patriarchs, and all the righteous in each church. And

λόγοις μιγνὺς τοῖς αὐτοῦ. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Βαπτιστὴς ἐνταῦθα πεποίηκε, καὶ ἀπόδειξιν μεγίστην παρέσχετο τῶν εἰρημένων, τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος δόσιν. Ὁ γὰρ τοσαῦτα δυνάμενος, ὡς καὶ ἁμαρτήματα ἀφεῖναι, καὶ Πνεῦμα δοῦναι, καὶ ταῦτα πολλῷ μᾶλλον δυνήσεται, φησίν. Εἶδες πῶς ἤδη τὸ μυστήριον ἀκολούθως προκατεβάλλετο τῆς ἀναστάσεως καὶ τῆς κρίσεως; Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐκ εἶπε τὰ εὐθέως ἐσόμενα παρ' αὐτοῦ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα; Ὅτι τοῦτο μεῖζον ἁπάντων ἦν, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πάντα ἐκεῖνα ἐγίνετο. Τὸ γὰρ κεφάλαιον θεὶς, πάντα περιέλαβε· θανάτου λύσιν, ἁμαρτημάτων ἀναίρεσιν, κατάρας ἀφανισμὸν, τῶν χρονίων πολέμων ἀπαλλαγὴν, τὴν εἰς τὸν παράδεισον εἴσοδον, τὴν εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἄνοδον, τὴν μετὰ ἀγγέλων πολιτείαν, τὴν τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν κοινωνίαν· καὶ γὰρ οὗτος ἀῤῥαβὼν ἐκείνων ἐστίν. Εἰπὼν τοίνυν τοῦτο, εἶπε καὶ τὴν τῶν σωμάτων ἀνάστασιν, καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐνταῦθα σημείων ἐπίδειξιν, καὶ τὴν τῆς βασιλείας κοινωνίαν, καὶ τὰ ἀγαθὰ, Ἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδε, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσε, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη. Πάντα γὰρ ταῦτα δι' ἐκείνου τοῦ χαρίσματος ἡμῖν παρέσχετο. Περιττὸν τοίνυν ἦν περὶ τῶν σημείων εἰπεῖν τῶν εὐθέως ἐκβησομένων, καὶ τῇ ὄψει κρινομένων· ἀλλ' ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων ἔδει διαλεχθῆναι, ὧν ἀμφέβαλλον· οἷον, ὅτι Υἱὸς Θεοῦ ἐστιν, ὅτι ὑπερέχων τοῦ Ἰωάννου ἀσυγκρίτως, ὅτι αἴρει τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ κόσμου, ὅτι δίκην ἀπαιτήσει τῶν πεπραγμένων, ὅτι οὐ μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος τὰ ἡμέτερα, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖ τὴν ἀξίαν ἕκαστος ὑποστήσεται τιμωρίαν. Ταῦτα γὰρ ὄψει παραστῆσαι τέως οὐκ ἦν. ζʹ. Ταῦτ' οὖν εἰδότες, πολλῇ τῇ σπουδῇ χρώμεθα, ἕως ἂν ὦμεν ἐν τῇ ἅλωνι· καὶ γὰρ ἔξεστιν ἐνταῦθα οὖσι καὶ ἐξ ἀχύρου μεταβαλέσθαι εἰς σῖτον, ὥσπερ οὖν καὶ ἀπὸ σίτου πολλοὶ γεγόνασιν ἄχυρον. Μὴ τοίνυν ἀναπέσωμεν, μηδὲ ἀνέμῳ παντὶ περιφερώμεθα, μηδὲ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἀποσχιζώμεθα τῶν ἡμετέρων, κἂν μικροὶ δοκῶσιν εἶναι καὶ εὐτελεῖς· ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ σῖτος τοῦ ἀχύρου κατὰ μὲν τὸ μέτρον ἐλάττων, κατὰ δὲ τὴν φύσιν βελτίων. Μὴ δὴ τὰς ἔξωθεν φαντασίας ἴδῃς· τῷ πυρὶ γάρ εἰσι παρεσκευασμέναι· ἀλλὰ τὴν κατὰ 57.200 Θεὸν ταπεινότητα, τὴν στεῤῥὰν ταύτην καὶ ἀδιάλυτον, καὶ τμηθῆναι μὴ δυναμένην, μηδὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς καιομένην. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τούτους καὶ τῷ ἀχύρῳ μακροθυμεῖ, ἵνα ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὁμιλίας βελτίους γένωνται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὔπω κρίσις, ἵνα κοινῇ πάντες στεφανωθῶμεν, ἵνα ἀπὸ πονηρίας πολλοὶ μεταβληθῶσιν εἰς ἀρετήν. Φρίξωμεν τοίνυν, τῆς παραβολῆς ταύτης ἀκούοντες. Καὶ γὰρ ἄσβεστόν ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο τὸ πῦρ. Καὶ πῶς, φησὶν, ἄσβεστον; Οὐχ ὁρᾷς τουτονὶ τὸν ἥλιον καιόμενον ἀεὶ, καὶ μηδέποτε σβεννύμενον; οὐκ εἶδες τὴν βάτον καιομένην, καὶ μὴ κατακαιομένην; Εἰ τοίνυν καὶ αὐτὸς βούλει διαφυγεῖν τὴν φλόγα, τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην προαπόθου, καὶ οὕτως οὐδὲ πεῖραν λήψῃ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐκείνου. Ἂν μὲν γὰρ ἐνταῦθα πιστεύσῃς τοῖς λεγομένοις, οὐδὲ ὄψει τὴν κάμινον ταύτην, ἀπελθὼν ἐκεῖσε· ἐὰν δὲ ἀπιστήσῃς αὐτῇ νῦν, ἐκεῖ διὰ τῆς πείρας εἴσῃ καλῶς, ὅτε οὐδὲ διαφυγεῖν δυνατόν. Καὶ γὰρ ἀπαραίτητος ἡ κόλασις τοῖς οὐκ ὀρθὸν ἐπιδεδειγμένοις βίον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀρκεῖ τὸ πιστεῦσαι μόνον· ἐπεὶ καὶ δαίμονες φρίττουσι τὸν Θεὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτω τιμωρηθήσονται. ∆ιὸ πολλῆς ἡμῖν τῆς κατὰ τὸν βίον ἐπιμελείας δεῖ. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὑμᾶς συνεχῶς συνάγομεν, οὐχ ἵνα εἰσέλθητε μόνον, ἀλλ' ἵνα τι καὶ καρπώσησθε τῆς ἐνταῦθα διατριβῆς· ἂν δὲ παραγίνησθε μὲν ἀεὶ, μηδὲν δὲ ἐντεῦθεν καρπούμενοι ἀναχωρῆτε, οὐδὲν τῆς ἐνταῦθα εἰσόδου καὶ προσεδρείας ἔσται τι πλέον. Εἰ γὰρ παιδία πρὸς διδασκάλους πέμποντες, ἂν ἴδωμεν ἐκεῖθεν μηδὲν καρπούμενα, σφοδροὶ κατήγοροι τῶν διδασκάλων γινόμεθα, καὶ πρὸς ἑτέρους αὐτὰ μεθίσταμεν πολλάκις· τίνα ἕξομεν ἀπολογίαν, μηδὲ ὅσην ἐν τοῖς γηΐνοις τούτοις, τοσαύτην τῇ ἀρετῇ παρέχοντες τὴν σπουδὴν, ἀλλὰ κενὰς ἀεὶ τὰς δέλτους οἴκαδε φέροντες; Καίτοι καὶ πλείους καὶ μείζους ἐνταῦθα οἱ διδάσκαλοι. Καὶ γὰρ προφήτας, καὶ ἀποστόλους, καὶ πατριάρχας, καὶ δικαίους ἅπαντας καθ' ἑκάστην ὑμῖν ἐφιστῶμεν ἐκκλησίαν διδασκάλους. Καὶ