John Malalas, Chronography

In the city of Antioch, a great temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. Likewise, the same emperor also built a public bath near the spring of Olympias which had been established by Alexander of Macedon in the name of his mother; for Alexander, having gone there, drank from the same water and said, "I have drunk the milk of my mother." The spring is situated beside the mountain; which the same Tiberius enclosed within the wall. The same emperor Tiberius also built a temple to Dionysus by the mountain, erecting two great stelai of the Dioscuri born of Antiope outside the temple in their honor, both Amphion and Zethus. The same Tiberius also renamed the river of the city, formerly called Dracon, to Orontes in the Roman tongue, which is interpreted as "eastern." He also built the 235 theatre, adding another tier by the mountain and sacrificing a virgin maiden named Antigone; for which reason he did not complete the theatre perfectly. And he set up above the eastern gate, which he himself built, a stone stele to the she-wolf nursing Romulus and Remus, signifying that the added wall to the same city of Antioch was a Roman construction. He also built a temple of Pan behind the theatre. Domninus the wise chronicler set these things forth. The same Tiberius also built a city in the land of Judaea by the lake, which he called Tiberias, having found in the place hot waters, and building for the city a public bath not heated from below, but providing its use to the city from the hot waters themselves. He also made Cappadocia subject to the Romans after the death of Archelaus its toparch. In the time of the same Tiberius a conflagration occurred in Antioch of Syria in the 72nd year of its autonomy, at night, obscurely burning the greater part of the agora and the council-house and the temple of the Muses built by Antiochus Philopator from the money left by will by Maron of Antioch, who had moved to Athens and had then ordered that the temple 236 of the Muses and a library be built from his own funds. And Tiberius also built another city in Thrace, which he called Tiberia. In the 15th year of his reign, in the consulship of Aluanus and Nerua, Saint John the Forerunner began to preach a baptism of repentance, baptizing according to the prophetic voice; and all the land of Judaea went out to him. And finally our Lord Jesus Christ made the beginning of salvation, being baptized by the same John the Forerunner, being about 30 years of age and working miracles. And he was baptized in the Jordan, a river of Palestine, on the sixth of the month Audynaios, which is also January, at the 10th hour of the night, in the consulship of Rufus and Rubellius. From then on John the Baptist was made known to men; and Herod the king, son of Philip, the toparch, that is, the ruler of the region of Trachonitis, cut him off in the city of Sebaste on the 8th day before the Kalends of June in the consulship of Flaccus and Rufinus, on account of Herodias his wife, because John said to him, "It is not lawful for you to have your brother's wife," as these things are reported in the divine scriptures. 237 And being grieved on account of John, the same king Herod the second, son of Philip, went up from the city of Sebaste to the city of Paneas in Judaea. And a certain very wealthy woman approached him, dwelling in the same city of Paneas, named Beronike, wishing, as one who had been healed by Jesus, to erect a stele to him. And not daring to do this without a royal command, she presented a petition to the same king Herod, asking to erect a stele to the saviour Christ in the same city. Which petition runs thus. To the Augustus Herod, toparch and lawgiver of both Jews and Greeks, king of the region of Trachonitis, supplicatory petitions from Beronike, a woman of rank of the city of Paneas. Justice and

Ἀντιοχείᾳ πόλει ἱερὸν μέγα ∆ιὸς Καπετωλίου. ὁμοίως δὲ ἔκτισεν ὁ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς καὶ δημόσιον λουτρὸν πλησίον τῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος πηγῆς τῆς κτισθείσης ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Μακεδόνος εἰς ὄνομα τῆς αὑτοῦ μητρός· ἔπιε γὰρ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ὕδατος Ἀλέξανδρος ἐλθὼν ἐκεῖ καὶ εἶπεν ὅτι Ἔπια γάλα τῆς ἐμῆς μητρός. κεῖται δὲ ἡ πηγὴ παρὰ τὸ ὄρος· ἥντινα ὁ αὐτὸς Τιβέριος ἔσω τοῦ τείχους ἀπέκλεισεν. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν τῷ ∆ιονύσῳ πρὸς τῷ ὄρει ὁ αὐτὸς Τιβέριος βασιλεύς, στήσας δύο στήλας μεγάλας τῶν ἐξ Ἀντιόπης γεννηθέντων ∆ιοσκούρων ἔξω τοῦ ναοῦ εἰς τιμὴν αὐτῶν, Ἀμφίονός τε καὶ Ζήθου. ὁ αὐτὸς Τιβέριος καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν τῆς πόλεως τὸν πρῴην λεγόμενον ∆ράκοντα μετεκάλεσεν Ὀρόντην τῇ Ῥωμαϊκῇ λέξει, ὅπερ ἑρμηνεύεται ἀνατολικός. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ τὸ 235 θέατρον, προσθεὶς ἄλλην ζώνην πρὸς τῷ ὄρει καὶ θυσιάσας κόρην παρθένον Ἀντιγόνην ὀνόματι· ὅθεν θέατρον οὐκ ἐπλήρωσεν εἰς τέλειον. ἔστησε δὲ ἐπάνω τῆς ἀνατολικῆς πόρτας, ἧς αὐτὸς ἔκτισε, στήλην λιθίνην τῇ λυκαίνῃ, τρεφούσῃ τὸν Ῥῶμον καὶ τὸν Ῥῆμον, σημαίνων Ῥωμαῖον εἶναι κτίσμα τοῦ προστεθέντος τείχους τῇ αὐτῇ Ἀντιόχου πόλει. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ὄπισθεν τοῦ θεάτρου ἱερὸν τοῦ Πανός. ταῦτα δὲ ∆ομνῖνος ὁ σοφὸς χρονογράφος ἐξέθετο. Ἔκτισε δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς Τιβέριος ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ χώρᾳ παρὰ τὴν λίμνην πόλιν, ἥντινα ἐκάλεσε Τιβεριάδα, εὑρηκὼς ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ὕδατα θερμά, κτίσας τῇ πόλει καὶ δημόσιον λουτρὸν μὴ ὑποκαιόμενον, ἀλλ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θερμῶν παρέχοντα τὴν χρῆσιν τῇ πόλει. ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ τὴν Καππαδοκίαν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους μετὰ τὴν τελευτὴν Ἀρχελάου τοῦ τοπάρχου αὐτῆς. Ἐν δὲ τοῖς χρόνοις τοῦ αὐτοῦ Τιβερίου ἐμπρησμὸς ἐγένετο ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τῆς Συρίας τῷ οβʹ ἔτει τῆς αὐτονομίας αὐτῆς ἐν νυκτί, ἀδήλως καύσας τὸ πλέον μέρος τῆς ἀγορᾶς καὶ τὸ βουλευτήριον καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν τῶν Μουσῶν τὸ κτισθὲν ὑπὸ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Φιλοπάτορος ἐκ τῶν ἐαθέντων χρημάτων κατὰ διαθήκας ὑπὸ Μάρωνος Ἀντιοχέως, μετοικήσαντος εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας καὶ κελεύσαντος τότε ἐκ τῶν αὐτοῦ κτισθῆναι τὸ τῶν Μουσῶν ἱε 236 ρὸν καὶ βιβλιοθήκην. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ὁ Τιβέριος πόλιν ἐν τῇ Θρᾴκῃ ἄλλην, ἣν ἐκάλεσε Τιβερίαν. Τῷ δὲ ιεʹ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἐν ὑπατείᾳ Ἀλουανοῦ καὶ Νερούα ἤρξατο ὁ ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ πρόδρομος κηρύσσειν βάπτισμα μετανοίας βαπτίζειν κατὰ τὴν προφητικὴν φωνήν· καὶ ἀπῆλθε πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία χώρα. καὶ λοιπὸν ἀρχὴν ἐποιήσατο τοῦ σωτηρίου ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, βαπτισθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννου τοῦ προδρόμου, γενόμενος ἐνιαυτῶν περί που λʹ καὶ θαυματουργῶν. ἐβαπτίσθη δὲ ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ, ποταμῷ τῆς Παλαιστίνης, μηνὶ αὐδηναίῳ τῷ καὶ ἰανουαρίῳ ἕκτῃ, ὥρᾳ νυκτερινῇ ιʹ, ἐν ὑπατείᾳ Ῥούφου καὶ Ῥουβελλίωνος. ἀπὸ τότε καὶ ὁ βαπτιστὴς Ἰωάννης δῆλος ἐγένετο τοῖς ἀνθρώποις· καὶ ἀπέτεμεν αὐτὸν Ἡρώδης ὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ Φιλίππου, ὁ τοπαρχῶν, ἤτοι βασιλεύων, τῆς Τραχωνίτιδος χώρας, ἐν Σεβαστῇ πόλει τῇ πρὸ ηʹ καλανδῶν ἰουνίων ἐν ὑπατείᾳ Φλάκκωνος καὶ Ῥουφίνου διὰ Ἡρωδιάδα τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ, ὅτιἔλεγεν αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰωάννης, Οὐκ ἔξεστί σοι ἔχειν τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, καθὼς ἐν ταῖς θείαις ἐμφέρεται γραφαῖς ταῦτα. 237 καὶ λυπούμενος διὰ τὸν Ἰωάννην ὁ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς Ἡρώδης ὁ δεύτερος ὁ Φιλίππου ἀνῆλθεν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως Σεβαστῆς ἐν Πανεάδι πόλει τῆς Ἰουδαίας. καὶ προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ γυνή τις εὐπορωτάτη, οἰκοῦσα τὴν αὐτὴν Πανεάδα πόλιν, ὀνόματι Βερονίκη, βουλομένη ὡς ἰαθεῖσα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ στήλην αὐτῷ ἀναστῆσαι. καὶ μὴ τολμῶσα δίχα βασιλικῆς κελεύσεως τοῦτο ποιῆσαι δέησιν ἐπέδωκε τῷ αὐτῷ Ἡρώδῃ βασιλεῖ, αἰτοῦσα ἀναστῆσαι στήλην τῷ σωτῆρι Χριστῷ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ πόλει. ἥτις δέησις ἔχει οὕτως. Σεβαστῷ Ἡρώδῃ τοπάρχῃ καὶ θεσμοδότῃ Ἰουδαίων τε καὶ Ἑλλήνων, βασιλεῖ τῆς Τραχωνίτιδος χώρας, ἱκεσίας δεήσεις παρὰ Βερονίκης, ἀξιωματικῆς πόλεως Πανεάδος. δικαιοσύνη καὶ