74

of our savior the solemn and austere manner; and a great proof of his moderation was that teaching by which he taught to be pure from the very depth of the mind, cutting off passionate desires, saying: “There are eunuchs who were born thus, and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven.” 3.6.6 Again, the sorcerer and truly a deceiver of the people undertakes and does all things, for the most part seeking vainglory and creating illusions, and boasting that he knows and has something more than the many; but our savior and lord, that he was not vainglorious and boastful and an illusionist, would be most evident from the fact that when healing he advised to tell no one nor to make him known to many, and from his pursuing time spent in the mountains and withdrawals and fleeing the harmful associations with the crowds in the cities. 3.6.7 If, therefore, he undertook the teaching neither for the sake of glory nor money nor pleasure, what room is still left for the suspicion of thinking him a deceiver and a sorcerer? But consider these things again: a sorcerer, when he imparts the things of wickedness to others, what sort of men does he produce? Are they not sorcerers and deceivers and poisoners in all respects similar to himself? Who then has ever yet found the entire race of Christians from his teaching practicing sorcery or poisoning? 3.6.8 But it is not possible to say so, but on the contrary that it pursues philosophical reasonings, as has been shown. He, then, who has become to others the cause of a solemn and sober life and of the highest piety, who could he justly be considered but the first of philosophers and the teacher of pious men? For indeed every teacher would be in some way better than his students; therefore a philosopher and truly pious, far from being a deceiver and a sorcerer, our savior and lord would be acknowledged. 3.6.9 If then he was such a one, how else would he have attempted his miracles except by a divine and ineffable power and by the highest piety towards the God of all, whom he is shown to honor and revere as a father especially from his sayings about him. To such a degree, then, both his disciples who had attended him from the beginning, and those after them who were successors of their way of life, stood very far from base and wicked suspicion, as not even to permit those being treated, as many attempt to do many things, either to use inscribed plates and amulets, or to pay attention to those who profess to use incantations, or to provide for themselves cures of their afflictions by fumigations of roots and herbs and certain other such methods. 3.6.10 At any rate, all these things have been driven out of Christ's teaching, nor is it ever possible to see a Christian using an amulet, nor incantations, or curious inscriptions on plates, nor other things, the use of which the many have considered a matter of indifference. 3.6.11 What reason, then, allows one to think that such men have become disciples of a teacher who was a sorcerer and a deceiver? And indeed, of everyone who professes something, a great test is the company of his students. 3.6.12 Men, at any rate, who are skilled and knowledgeable, surely in every way declare the one who is the cause of their knowledge to be much better than themselves; just as, therefore, physicians would be witnesses of their teacher's success in their subject; and geometers will call their leader what else but a geometer, and arithmeticians an arithmetician? And in the same way, the greatest witnesses of a man who is a sorcerer would be his students, they themselves also pursuing things similar in some way to their teacher. 3.6.13 But in so many years no disciple of Jesus has yet appeared to be a sorcerer, although through trials by torture the governors and kings of the time have made a precise investigation of our affairs. 3.6.14 And so, then, no one was a sorcerer, so that he was set free and out of all danger who had been forced by them only to offer sacrifice. But if no one of us nor of those ancient disciples of Jesus was ever convicted of sorcery, then neither was the teacher such a person. But lest the argument from unwritten sources

74

σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὸ ἐμβριθὲς καὶ αὐστηρὸν τοῦ τρόπου· σωφροσύνης δὲ αὐτοῦ μέγα δεῖγμα ἦν κἀκείνη ἡ διδασκαλία, δι' ἧς ἁγνεύειν ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ τῆς διανοίας βάθους, τὰς ἐμπαθεῖς ὀρέξεις ἀποτέμνοντας, ἐδίδασκεν λέγων· «εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες ἐγενήθησαν οὕτως, καὶ εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνουχίσθησαν ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων, καὶ εἰσὶν εὐνοῦχοι οἵτινες εὐνούχισαν ἑαυτοὺς διὰ τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν». 3.6.6 Πάλιν ὁ μὲν γόης καὶ ἀληθῶς λαοπλάνος πάντα ἐγχειρεῖ καὶ πράττει δοξοκοπῶν τὰ πολλὰ καὶ φαντασιοκοπῶν, καὶ πλέον τι παρὰ τοὺς πολλοὺς εἰδέναι καὶ ἔχειν μεγαλαυχούμενος· ὁ δὲ σωτὴρ καὶ κύριος ἡμῶν, ὅτι μὴ δοξομανὴς καὶ ἀλαζὼν καὶ φαντασιοκόπος ἦν, ἀφ' ὧν ἰώμενος παρῄνει μηδενὶ φράζειν μηδὲ εἰς πολλοὺς αὐτὸν ἐκφαίνειν γένοιτ' ἂν ἔκδηλος, ἀπό τε τοῦ τὰς ἐν ὄρεσι διατριβὰς καὶ τὰς ἀναχωρήσεις διώκειν καὶ φεύγειν τὰς κατὰ πόλεις τῶν πολλῶν ἐπιβλαβεῖς ὁμιλίας. 3.6.7 εἰ μήτε τοιγαροῦν δόξης μήτε χρημάτων μήτε ἡδονῆς ἕνεκεν ἐπιβέβλητο τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ, τίς ἔτι χώρα περιλείπεται ὑπονοίας τοῦ πλάνον αὐτὸν καὶ γόητα νομίζειν; Σκέψαι δὲ καὶ ταῦτα πάλιν· γόης, ὅταν ἑτέροις τὰ τῆς κακίας μεταδιδῶ, ὁποίους ἄνδρας κατασκευάζει; ἆρ' οὐχὶ γόητας καὶ πλάνους καὶ φαρμακέας αὐτῷ κατὰ πάντα παραπλησίους; τίς οὖν ἤδη πώποτε τὸ πᾶν Χριστιανῶν γένος ἐκ τῆς ἐκείνου διδασκαλίας γοητεῦον ἢ φαρμακεῦον κατείληφεν; 3.6.8 ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ἔμπαλιν δὲ λόγους φιλοσόφους μετιόν, ὡς ἀποδέδεικται. ὁ δὴ οὖν ἑτέροις σεμνοῦ καὶ σώφρονος βίου εὐσεβείας τε τῆς ἀνωτάτω παραίτιος γεγενημένος τίς ἂν ἐνδίκως νομισθείη ἢ φιλοσόφων ὁ πρώτιστος καὶ εὐσεβῶν ἀνδρῶν διδάσκαλος; καὶ γὰρ ἂν εἴη βελτίων δή που πᾶς ὁ διδάσκων τῶν μαθητευομένων· φιλόσοφος ἄρα καὶ ἀληθῶς εὐσεβής, πολλοῦ δεῖ πλάνος καὶ γόης, ὁμολογοῖτ' ἂν ὁ σωτὴρ καὶ κύριος ἡμῶν. 3.6.9 Εἰ δὴ οὖν τοιόσδε τις ἦν, πῶς ἂν ἄλλως ἐπεχείρει ταῖς θαυματουργίαις ἢ θείᾳ καὶ ἀπορρήτῳ δυνάμει καὶ τῇ ἀνωτάτω περὶ τοῦ τῶν ὅλων θεοῦ εὐσεβείᾳ, ὃν οἷα πατέρα τιμῶν καὶ σέβων τὰ μάλιστα ἀποδείκνυται ἐκ τῶν περὶ αὐτοῦ λόγων. ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον δὲ ἄρα οἵ τε ἀρχῆθεν αὐτῷ προσεσχηκότες μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἱ μετὰ ταῦτα τῆς ἐκείνων διατριβῆς διάδοχοι, πορρωτάτω καθεστήκεσαν φαύλης καὶ πονηρᾶς ὑπονοίας, ὡς μηδὲ τοῖς νοσηλευομένοις ἐπιτρέπειν, οἷα πολλοὶ πολλὰ δρᾶν ἐπιχειροῦσιν, ἢ πετάλων ἐπιγραφαῖς καὶ περιάμμασιν χρῆσθαι, ἢ τοῖς κατεπᾴδειν ἐπαγγελλομένοις προσέχειν τὸν νοῦν, ἢ ῥιζῶν καὶ βοτανῶν θυμιάμασιν καί τισιν ἄλλοις τοιουτοτρόποις ἀκέσεις τῶν παθῶν ἑαυτοῖς πορίζειν. 3.6.10 ταῦτα γοῦν πάντα τῆς Χριστοῦ διδασκαλίας ἐξελήλαται, οὐδ' ἔστιν πώποτε Χριστιανὸν πε ριάμματι χρώμενον θεάσασθαι, οὐδ' ἐπιλαλιαῖς, ἢ πετάλων τινῶν περιέργων ἐπιγραφαῖς, οὐδ' ἄλλοις, ὧν τὴν χρῆσιν ἀδιάφορον οἱ πολλοὶ νενομίκασιν. 3.6.11 τίς οὖν αἱρεῖ λόγος τοὺς τοιούσδε διδασκάλου γόητος καὶ πλάνου μαθητὰς γεγονέναι νομίζειν; Καὶ μὴν παντὸς ἐπαγγελλομένου τι μέγας ἔλεγχος ἡ τῶν φοιτητῶν συνουσία. 3.6.12 ἄνδρες γοῦν ἔντεχνοι καὶ ἐπιστήμονες πάντως που τὸν αἴτιον αὐτοῖς τῆς ἐπιστήμης πολὺ κρείττονα σφῶν αὐτῶν ἀποφαίνουσιν· ὥσπερ οὖν ἰατρικοὶ μὲν τῆς τοῦ διδασκάλου περὶ τὸ μάθημα κατορθώσεως εἶεν ἂν μάρτυρες· γεωμετρικοὶ δὲ τὸν ἄρχοντα τίνα ἄλλον ἢ γεωμέτρην ἐπιγράψονται καὶ ἀριθμητικοὶ τὸν ἀριθμητικόν; κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ καὶ γόητος ἀνδρὸς μέγιστοι ἂν εἶεν μάρτυρες οἱ φοιτηταί, τὰ ὅμοιά που τῷ διδασκάλῳ καὶ αὐτοὶ μετιόντες. 3.6.13 ἀλλ' οὐδείς πω τοσούτων ἐτῶν γόης πέφανται τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαθητής, καίτοι διὰ βασάνων πείρας τῶν κατὰ χρόνους ἡγεμόνων τε καὶ βασιλέων ἀκριβῆ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς πραγμάτων τὴν ἐξέτασιν πεποιημένων. 3.6.14 οὕτως δὲ ἄρα οὐδεὶς ἦν γόης, ὡς ἐλεύθερον ἀφεῖσθαι καὶ παντὸς ἐκτὸς κινδύνου τὸν αὐτὸ μόνον τὸ θῦσαι πρὸς αὐτῶν βεβιασμένον. εἰ δὲ οὐδεὶς πώποτε τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς οὔτε τῶν παλαιῶν ἐκείνων τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαθητῶν γοητείας ἥλω, οὐδ' ὁ διδάσκαλος ἦν ἄρα τοιοῦτος. ἵνα δὲ μὴ ἐξ ἀγράφων ὁ λόγος