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(193) and let him become more eager for what is to come. For she, the physician of our souls, is accustomed to restrain the fiery passions and movements of the flesh, to calm what is wrathful, to drive away sleep, to arouse eagerness, to purify the mind and restore it to freedom from evil thoughts, to tame the untamable tongue of another and, as with a kind of bridle, to hold it in with the fear of God and not allow it to utter idle or corrupt words at all; of another she invisibly covers and stops wandering eyes and does not allow them to be carried about here and there, but prepares each person to watch himself and teaches him to be mindful of his own sins and shortcomings. Fasting gradually thins and drives away the intelligible darkness and the veil of sin that lies over the soul, just as the sun does the mist. Fasting enables us to see intellectually the spiritual air, in which Christ our God, the sun that never sets, does not rise, but shines forever. Fasting, taking vigil as its collaborator, enters and softens the hardness of the heart and, in place of former surfeiting, prepares springs of compunction to gush forth, which let each of us be zealous to bring about in ourselves, I beseech you, brothers. For when this happens, easily with God, we will break through the whole sea of passions and, passing through the waves of the temptations of the one who bitterly tyrannizes us, we will come to anchor in the harbor of dispassion.

But these things, my brothers, cannot happen in a single day, nor in a single week, but in much (194) time and labor and toil according to the proportion of each one's intention and purpose, and moreover according to the measure of faith and of contempt for things seen and things conceived, and not only this, but also according to the fervor of unceasing repentance and of the perpetual work itself in the secret chamber of the soul, they are achieved more quickly or more slowly by the gift and grace of God; but without fasting, neither these nor any of the other virtues could ever be achieved by anyone; for fasting is the beginning and foundation of all spiritual work. Therefore, whatever you build upon this foundation becomes unfallen and indestructible, as if built upon solid rock; but when you remove this foundation and substitute for it satiety of the belly and unseemly desires, these things are swept away like sand by evil thoughts and by the river of the passions and destroys the entire edifice of the virtues. Therefore, lest this happen to us as well, let us stand with great joy upon the firm foundation of fasting; let us stand, my brothers, well; let us stand willingly. For he who is compelled unwillingly to ascend the rock of fasting, certainly casts himself down from there, dragged down by desire towards secret eating, and as he eats, he himself becomes, it seems, the food of the evil one. For it is a divine law, and the devil, like an executioner, takes and scourges those who dare to transgress it, even if not immediately, nor at once, since God is long-suffering towards us and awaits our repentance, but nevertheless we shall in no way escape his hands either (195) here or in the age to come, if we persist unrepentantly in sin, since we shall receive condemnation with him for having so behaved, and by the just judgment of God we will be condemned by him and with him to be punished eternally. For even if we escape the notice of our superiors, we cannot escape the notice of the Master and God of our superiors.

Let us be on guard, therefore, brothers, not only from secret eating, but also from satiety with the foods set before us at table. Yes, I beseech you and will not cease beseeching you, remember the past holy week.

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(193) καί προθυμότερος γινέσθω πρός τό ἑξῆς. Καί γάρ εἴωθεν ἡ ἰατρός τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν αὕτη τοῦ μέν τῆς σαρκός τάς πυρώσεις καί τάς κινήσεις συστέλλειν, τοῦ δέ τό θυμῶδες καταπραΰνειν, τοῦ δέ τόν ὕπνον ἀποδιώκειν, τοῦ μέν τό πρόθυμον διεγείρειν, τοῦ δέ τόν νοῦν ἀνακαθαίρειν καί τῶν πονηρῶν λογισμῶν ἐλεύθερον αὐτόν ἀποκαθιστᾶν, ἄλλου τήν ἀδάμαστον γλῶσσαν δαμάζειν καί οἱονεί χαλινῷ τινι τῷ φόβῳ τοῦ Θεοῦ ταύτην ἐπέχειν καί μή ἐᾶν ὅλως ἀργούς ἤ σαπρούς λόγους φθέγγεσθα· ἑτέρου τούς μετεώρους σκεπάζει ἀφανῶς καί ἱστᾷ ὀφθαλμούς καί περιέργως αὐτούς οὐκ ἐᾷ ὧδέ τε κἀκεῖσε φέρεσθαι, ἀλλ᾿ ἑαυτόν ἕκαστον παρασκευάζει σκοπεῖν καί τῶν ἰδίων ἁμαρτημάτων τε καί ἐλαττωμάτων μεμνῆσθαι διδάσκει. Νηστεία τόν νοητόν ζόφον καί τό ἐπικείμενον τῇ ψυχῇ κάλυμμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας κατά μικρόν ἐκλεπτύνει καί ἀπελαύνει, καθάπερ τήν ὀμίχλην ὁ ἥλιος. Νηστεία τόν πνευματικόν ἀέρα νοερῶς ἡμῖν καθορᾶν ἐμποιεῖ, ἐν ᾧ οὐκ ἀνατέλλει, ἀλλά ἀεί λάμπει ὁ ἄδυτος ἥλιος Χριστός ὁ Θεός ἡμῶν. Νηστεία, συνεργόν λαβοῦσα τήν ἀγρυπνίαν, τό σκληρόν ὑπεισελθοῦσα τῆς καρδίας μαλλάσσει καί ἀντί τῆς πρῴην κραιπάλης κατανύξεως πηγάς βλυστάνειν παρασκευάζει, ὅπερ καί ἐν ἡμῖν γενέσθαι σπουδάσωμεν ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, παρακαλῶ, ἀδελφοί. Τούτου γάρ γενομένου εὐκόλως σύν Θεῷ, πᾶσαν τήν τῶν παθῶν θάλασσαν διαρρήξομεν καί τά κύματα διελθόντες τῶν πειρασμῶν τοῦ πικρῶς τυραννοῦντος ἡμᾶς, εἰς τόν λιμένα ἐγκαθορμισθῶμεν τῆς ἀπαθείας.

Ταῦτα δέ, ἀδελφοί μου, οὐκ ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ, οὐδέ ἐν μιᾷ ἑβδομάδι γενέσθαι δυνατόν, ἀλλά ἐν πολλῷ (194) χρόνῳ καί πόνῳ καί κόπῳ κατά τό ἀναλογίαν τῆς ἑκάστου προθέσεώς τε καί προαιρέσεως, ἔτι δέ καί κατά τό μέτρον τῆς πίστεως καί τῆς τῶν ὁρωμένων καί νοουμένων πραγμάτων καταφρονήσεως, οὐ μόνον δέ, ἀλλά καί κατά τήν θέρμην τῆς ἀδιαλείπτου μετανοίας καί αὐτῆς τῆς ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ τῆς ψυχῆς ταμείῳ ἀεννάου ἐργασίας ἤ συντομώτερον ἤ βραδύτερον Θεοῦ δωρεᾷ τε καί χάριτι κατορθοῦνται, ἄνευ δέ νηστείας οὐδέν οὔτε τούτων οὔτε τῶν ἄλλων ἀρετῶν κατορθωθῆναί ποτε παρά τινος ἠδυνήθη· νηστεία γάρ πάσης ἐργασίας πνευματικῆς ἀρχή καί θεμέλιος. Ὅσα τοιγαροῦν οἰκοδομήσεις ἐπί τόν θεμέλιον τοῦτον, ἄπτωτα καί ἀκατάλυτα, ὡς ἐπί στερεάν πέτραν κτισθέντα, γίνεται· ἐπάν δέ τοῦτον τόν θεμέλιον ἄρῃς καί ἀντ᾿ αὐτοῦ γαστρός κόρον καί ἐπιθυμίας ἀτόπους ὑποθῇ, ὥσπερ ψάμμος ὑπό τῶν πονηρῶν ταῦτα λογισμῶν καί τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῶν παθῶν ὑποσύρεται καί πᾶσαν τήν οἰκοδομήν τῶν ἀρετῶν καταστρέφει. Ἵν᾿ οὖν μή καί ἐφ᾿ ἡμῶν τοῦτο γένηται, στῶμεν περιχαρῶς ἐπί τόν στερεόν θεμέλιον τῆς νηστείας, στῶμεν, ἀδελφοί μου, καλῶς, στῶμεν αὐτοθελῶς· ὁ βάρ ἀβουλήτως ἐπί τήν τῆς νηστείας πέτραν ἀναβαίνειν ἀναγκαζόμενος, ἑαυτόν πάντως ἐκεῖθεν ὑπό τῆς ἐπιθυμίας ὑποσυρείς πρός καθροφαγίαν κατακρημνίζει, καί βιβρώσκων αὐτός τοῦ πονηροῦ, ὡς δοκεῖ, κατάβρωμα γίνεται· νόμος γάρ θεῖός ἐστι καί τούς παραβαίνειν τολμῶντας ὥσπερ δήμιος ὁ διάβολος παραλαμβάνων μαστίζει, εἰ καί μή εὐθύς, μηδέ παραχρῆμα, τοῦ Θεοῦ μακροθυμοῦντος ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς καί τήν μετάνοιαν ἡμῶν ἀπεκδεχομένου, ἀλλ᾿ ὅμως οὐκ ἐκφευξόμεθα τάς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ πάντως ἤ (195) ἐνταῦθα ἤ ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι, ἀμετανοήτως ἐπιμένοντες τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ἐπειδή τήν μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ καταδίκην οὕτως ἔχοντες ἀποληψόμεθα καί ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καί σύν αὐτῷ ἀθάνατα κολασθῆναι κρίσει δικαίᾳ Θεοῦ κατακριθῶμεν. Εἰ γάρ καί τούς προεστῶτας ἡμῶν λανθάνομεν, ἀλλά γε τόν τῶν προεστώτων ∆εσπότην ὁμοῦ καί Θεόν λαθεῖν οὐ δυνάμεθα.

Φυλαξώμεθα τοιγαροῦν, ἀδελφοί, μή ἀπό λαθροφαγίας μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἀπό κόρου τῶν ἐπί τῆς τραπέζης παρατιθεμένων βρωμάτων ἡμῖν. Ναί, παρακαλῶ καί παρακαλῶν οὐ παύσομαι, μνήσθητε τῆς παρελθούσης ἁγίας ἑβδομάδος.