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after he had arrived, the clergy and laity under him remained for some time in possession of the churches, until the prefect of Egypt and the commander of the troops there expelled his adherents and handed them over to those who were expecting George. 4.10. Not long after, George himself arrived and had the churches under his control. But practicing his rule more violently than befitted the role and character of a priest, and wishing to be feared by all, and being cruel to those who praised Athanasius, so that both men and women endured bonds and blows, he was considered 4.10.10 a tyrant. For this reason, having fallen into public hatred, the people, moved to anger, attacked him while he was in the church, and almost killed him. And having been in such danger, he barely escaped and fled to 4.10.11 the emperor. But those who held the views of Athanasius took possession of the churches. But this did not last for a long time. For the general of Egypt arrived and again handed the churches over to the party of George. After these things, an imperial shorthand writer from the order of those called notaries, was sent to punish, and he tortured and tormented many of the Alexandrians. 4.10.12 Not long after, George himself returned, having become more terrible, as was likely, from what had happened, and hated more than before, as one who had moved the emperor to the mistreatment of many, and was slandered for impiety and arrogance by the monks in Egypt, whose opinion the multitude followed and whose testimonies they considered true, because they practiced virtue and their life was one of philosophy. 4.11.1 These things, then, happened in this way in succession, though not at the same time, to Athanasius and to the church of the Alexandrians after the death of Constans. But for the sake of clarity 4.11.2 I have related these things together here. But when the synod in Milan had been dissolved without result, the emperor removed those who had opposed the party zealous against Athanasius by condemning them to exile; and as he made it a matter of great importance that the church everywhere should be in agreement concerning doctrine and that the priests should be of one mind, he planned to summon bishops from all parts to the West. But considering how difficult this was because of the great distance of land and sea between them, he was at a loss as to what to do, but he by no means gave up. 4.11.3 Remaining of the same mind, before coming to Rome and celebrating the triumph over the conquered customary for the Romans, he summoned Liberius the bishop of Rome and tried to persuade him to become of one mind with the priests around him, of whom Eudoxius was one. But as he resisted and maintained that he would never 4.11.4 do this, he ordered him to be carried off to Beroea in Thrace. It is said that, besides this, a pretext for the exile of Liberius was also that he chose not to deny communion with Athanasius, but bravely spoke against the emperor on this matter, who accused him of having wronged the churches and, of his own two brothers, of destroying the elder, and making Constans, as far as it depended on him, his enemy; and when he brought forward the judgment of those who had assembled against him everywhere and especially in Tyre, Liberius said that one should not give credence to these, as they had voted in all things 4.11.5 out of enmity and favor or fear; and he demanded that the faith handed down at Nicaea be confirmed by the signatures of the bishops everywhere, and that those who for this reason were living in exile be 4.11.6 recalled. And when these things were accomplished, so that they might not seem troublesome and costly, no one should be given public conveyances or money, but all should assemble at their own expense in Alexandria, where the wrongdoer and the wronged, the proofs of the charges, and a precise examination of the truth 4.11.7 concerning these matters could be found. And showing the written testimony concerning Athanasius from Valens and Ursacius, which they had given to Julius, his predecessor on the Roman throne, asking for pardon and reporting that the things done by them in the Mareotis were false, he demanded that they not condemn in his absence the

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αὐτοῦ παραγενομένους, ἐπί τινι χρόνῳ διέμεινεν ὁ ὑπ' αὐτὸν κλῆρος καὶ λαὸς τὰς ἐκκλησίας κατέχοντες, εἰσότε δὴ ὁ Αἰγύπτου ὕπαρχος καὶ ὁ ἡγούμενος τῶν τῇδε στρατιῶν ἐκβαλόντες τοὺς αὐτῷ πειθομένους παρέδοσαν αὐτὰς τοῖς προσδοκῶσι Γεώργιον. 4.10. οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν δὲ αὐτὸς Γεώργιος ἀφίκετο καὶ τὰς ἐκκλησίας ὑφ' ἑαυτὸν εἶχε. βιαιότερον δὲ ἢ κατὰ πρόσχημα καὶ ἦθος ἱερέως ἐπιτηδεύων κρατεῖν καὶ πᾶσι μὲν φοβερὸς εἶναι θέλων, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ᾿Αθανάσιον ἐπαινοῦντας καὶ ἀπηνής, ὡς δεσμὰ καὶ πληγὰς ἄνδρας τε καὶ γυναῖκας ὑπομεῖναι, οἷα 4.10.10 τύραννος ἐνομίζετο. ὑπὸ τοιαύτης δὲ αἰτίας εἰς κοινὸν μῖσος ἐμπεσόντι κινηθεὶς εἰς ὀργὴν ὁ δῆμος ἐπέστη ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ διατρίβοντι, καὶ μικροῦ αὐτὸν διεχειρίσαντο. καὶ ὁ μὲν ὧδε κινδυνεύσας μόλις διεσώθη καὶ πρὸς 4.10.11 βασιλέα φεύγει. οἱ δὲ τὰ ᾿Αθανασίου φρονοῦντες τὰς ἐκκλησίας κατέσχον. ἐγένετο δὲ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλῷ χρόνῳ. παραγενόμενος γὰρ ὁ τῆς Αἰγύπτου στρατηγὸς πάλιν τοῖς Γεωργίου τὰς ἐκκλησίας παρέδωκε. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ταχυγράφος βασιλικὸς ἐκ τοῦ τάγματος τῶν καλουμένων νοταρίων ἀποσταλεὶς τιμωρῆσαι πολλοὺς ᾿Αλεξανδρέων ἐβασάνισε καὶ ᾐκίσατο. 4.10.12 μετ' οὐ πολὺ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς Γεώργιος ἐπανῆλθε φοβερώτερος ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων ὡς εἰκὸς γεγενημένος καὶ μᾶλλον ἢ πρότερον μισούμενος, ὡς εἰς κάκωσιν πολλῶν βασιλέα κεκινηκὼς καὶ ἐπὶ δυσπιστίᾳ καὶ τύφῳ διαβαλλόμενος παρὰ τῶν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ μοναχῶν, ὧν τῇ δόξῃ τὸ πλῆθος εἵπετο καὶ τὰς μαρτυρίας ἀληθεῖς ἡγεῖτο, καθότι ἀρετὴν ἤσκουν καὶ ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ ὁ βίος αὐτοῖς ἦν. 4.11.1 Τάδε μὲν ὧδε ἐφεξῆς οὐ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ᾿Αθανασίῳ τε καὶ τῇ ᾿Αλεξανδρέων ἐκκλησίᾳ συνέβη μετὰ τὴν Κώνσταντος τελευτήν. σαφηνείας 4.11.2 δὲ χάριν ταῦτα συλλήβδην ἐνταῦθα διηγησάμην. ἀπράκτου δὲ διαλυθείσης τῆς ἐν Μεδιολάνῳ συνόδου τοὺς μὲν ἀντειπόντας τοῖς κατὰ ᾿Αθανασίου σπουδάζουσιν ἐκποδὼν ἐποίησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς φυγὴν αὐτῶν καταδικάσας· περὶ πολλοῦ δὲ ποιούμενος πανταχοῦ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν συμφωνεῖν περὶ τὸ δόγμα καὶ τοὺς ἱερέας ὁμονοεῖν, ἐβουλεύετο πανταχόθεν ἐπισκόπους εἰς τὴν δύσιν καλεῖν. ἐννοούμενος δὲ ὡς ἐργῶδες τοῦτο διὰ τὸ μῆκος τῆς ἐν μέσῳ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης, ἠπόρει μὲν ὅ τι ποιήσει, παντελῶς δὲ οὐ καθυφίει. 4.11.3 Μένων δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης, πρὶν εἰς ῾Ρώμην ἐλθεῖν καὶ τὴν εἰωθυῖαν ῾Ρωμαίοις ἐπιτελεῖν πομπὴν κατὰ τῶν νενικημένων, μετακαλεσάμενος Λιβέριον τὸν ῾Ρώμης ἐπίσκοπον ἔπειθεν ὁμόφρονα γενέσθαι τοῖς ἀμφ' αὐτὸν ἱερεῦσιν, ὧν ἦν καὶ Εὐδόξιος. ἀνταίροντα δὲ καὶ ἰσχυριζόμενον μήποτε 4.11.4 τοῦτο ποιήσειν προσέταξεν εἰς Βεροίην τῆς Θρᾴκης ἀπάγεσθαι. λέγεται δὲ σὺν ταύτῃ πρόφασις εἶναι τῆς Λιβερίου φυγῆς καὶ τὸ μὴ ἑλέσθαι τὴν πρὸς ᾿Αθανάσιον κοινωνίαν ἀρνήσασθαι, ἀλλ' ἀνδρείως περὶ τούτου ἀντειπεῖν βασιλεῖ, ἐπαιτιωμένῳ ὡς τὰς ἐκκλησίας ἠδίκησε καὶ τοῖν ἰδίοιν ἀδελφοῖν τὸν μὲν πρεσβύτερον ἀπώλεσε, Κώνσταντα δέ, ὅσον εἰς αὐτὸν ἧκεν, ἐχθρὸν αὐτῷ κατέστησε· προϊσχομένῳ τε τὴν κρίσιν τῶν πανταχοῦ καὶ μάλιστα ἐν Τύρῳ κατ' αὐτοῦ συνεληλυθότων, τούτοις μὲν ὡς κατὰ πάντα πρὸς ἀπέχθειαν 4.11.5 καὶ χάριν ἢ δέος ψηφισαμένοις μὴ χρῆναι τίθεσθαι ἔλεγε Λιβέριος· ἐζήτει δὲ τὴν μὲν ἐν Νικαίᾳ παραδοθεῖσαν πίστιν ὑπογραφαῖς τῶν πανταχοῦ ἐπισκόπων κρατύνεσθαι καὶ τοὺς διὰ τοῦτο ἐν ὑπερορίαις διατρίβοντας μετα4.11.6 καλεῖσθαι. κατορθωθέντων δὲ τούτων, ὥστε μὴ ὀχληροὺς καὶ ἐπιζημίους δόξαι, δημοσίων ὀχημάτων ἢ χρημάτων μὴ μεταδοῦναί τινι, ἀλλ' ἰδίᾳ δαπάνῃ πάντας εἰς τὴν ᾿Αλεξάνδρειαν συνελθεῖν, ἔνθα ὁ ἠδικηκὼς καὶ οἱ ἠδικημένοι καὶ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων οἱ ἔλεγχοι καὶ ἀκριβὴς τῆς ἐπὶ τούτοις 4.11.7 ἀληθείας βάσανος. ἐπιδεικνύς τε τὴν ἐπὶ ᾿Αθανασίῳ ἔγγραφον μαρτυρίαν Οὐάλεντος καὶ Οὐρσακίου, ἣν ἐπιδεδώκασιν ᾿Ιουλίῳ τῷ πρὸ αὐτοῦ τὸν τῶν ῾Ρωμαίων θρόνον ἐπιτροπεύσαντι συγγνώμην αἰτοῦντες καὶ τὰ πρὸς αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ Μαρεώτῃ πεπραγμένα ψευδῆ καταμηνύοντες, ἠξίου μὴ καταδικάζειν αὐτοῦ ἀπόντος τὸν