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to be thought to have gained experience of many affairs; and so hardy as to endure cold and heat nobly. His forbearance and philanthropy surpassed all men, so to speak. For the emperor Julian, although professing to be a philosopher, did not bear his anger against the Antiochenes who satirized him, but subjected Theodore to tortures. But Theodosius, bidding farewell to the syllogisms of Aristotle, practiced philosophy through deeds, mastering anger and grief and pleasure, and abstaining completely from killings; and once when one of his entourage asked him why he did not put the unjust to death, he said, "Would that it were possible to bring back even the dead to life." For if someone who had committed deeds worthy of capital punishment was being led away, the appeal to philanthropy would forestall his death. 194 Ibid.: That Theodosius, having succeeded to the rule from his father Arcadius, was unwarlike and lived with cowardice, and purchased peace with money and not with arms. And he did everything under the influence of the eunuchs. And the eunuchs brought affairs to such a state of absurdity that, to put it briefly, by distracting Theodosius as one does children with toys, they did not permit him to accomplish anything worthy of memory, although he was of a good nature; but they persuaded him, having reached fifty years of age, to devote himself to certain mechanical arts and hunting, so that they and Chrysaphius held the power of the empire, whom Pulcheria pursued after her brother died. Suidas: Theodosius, emperor of the Romans, the Younger. This man, having succeeded to the rule from his father, being unwarlike and living with cowardice, and having purchased peace with money, not with arms, brought many additional evils upon the Roman state. For having been raised by the eunuchs, he was obedient to their every command; so that even the chosen men required their assistance, and many innovations were made in the civil and military orders, as men capable of managing these things did not come into office, but rather those who supplied gold, and because of the greed of the eunuchs and Sebastianus' bodyguards, a piratical band was formed and threw both the Hellespont and the Propontis into confusion. The eunuchs brought affairs to this state of absurdity, distracting Theodosius as one does children with toys; they made it so he accomplished nothing worthy of memory; but having reached the age of 50, he continued to pursue certain mechanical arts and to devote himself to hunting; so that the eunuchs and Chrysaphius held the power of the empire; whom Pulcheria pursued after her brother died. 195 Exc. De ins.: That in the time of Theodosius the Younger, [John], being the chief of the imperial notaries, unable to bear the good fortune of his own high rank, seized the empire, and sent an embassy to Theodosius asking to be accepted as emperor; whom the emperor placed under guard, and sent the commander Ardaburius, who had fought the Persian war. And he, having arrived at Salonae, sailed for Aquileia, and met with adverse fortune, or rather divinity, as was later shown. For an unfavorable wind blew and cast him into the hands of the usurper; who, having seized him, hoped to compel the emperor to decree him as co-emperor. But Theodosius was in distress and so was Aspar, the son of Ardaburius, and speechlessness gripped the affairs of the Romans. But God sent an angel in the guise of a shepherd to guide the Roman armies and the general Aspar, and he led them all through the lake lying next to Ravenna (for in this city the usurper was staying), through which no one is ever recorded to have crossed. Thus, having crossed the impassable place, and finding the way passable over dry land, and seeing the gates open, they became masters of the city; and having done away with him

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νομίζεσθαι πεῖραν πολλῶν εἰληφέναι πραγμάτων· καρτερικός τε οὕτως ὡς κρύος καὶ καῦμα γενναίως ὑπομένειν. Τὸ δὲ ἀνεξίκακον καὶ φιλάνθρωπον αὐτοῦ πάντας ἀνθρώπους, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ὑπερέβαλεν. Ἰουλιανὸς μὲν γὰρ ὁ βασιλεὺς καίτοι φιλοσοφεῖν ἐπαγγελλόμενος οὐκ ἤνεγκε τὴν ὀργὴν κατὰ τῶν Ἀντιοχέων αἰνιξαμένων αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ βασάνους τῷ Θεοδώρῳ προσήγαγε. Θεοδόσιος δὲ χαίρειν τοῖς Ἀριστοτέλους φράσας συλλογισμοῖς τὴν δι' ἔργων ἤσκει φιλοσοφίαν, ὀργῆς τε κρατῶν καὶ λύπης καὶ ἡδονῆς, φόνων τε παντελῶς ἀπεχόμενος· καί ποτέ τινος τῶν ἐγγὺς ἐρομένου αὐτὸν διὰ τί τοὺς ἀδίκους μὴ θανατοῖ, ἔφη, «Εἴθε δυνατὸν ἦν καὶ τοὺς τελευτήσαντας ἐπαναγαγεῖν εἰς τὴν ζωήν.» Εἰ γάρ τις καὶ ἄξια κεφαλικῆς τιμωρίας πεπραχὼς ἀπήγετο, ἡ τῆς φιλανθρωπίας ἀνάκλησις τὸν ἐκείνου θάνατον παρελάμβανεν. 194 Ibid.: Ὅτι Θεοδόσιος τὴν ἀρχὴν παρὰ Ἀρκαδίου τοῦ πατρὸς διαδεξάμενος ἀπόλεμος ἦν καὶ δειλίᾳ συνέζη, καὶ τὴν εἰρήνην χρήμασι καὶ οὐχ ὅπλοις ἐκτήσατο. Καὶ ὑπὸ τοῖς εὐνούχοις πάντα ἔπραττε. Καὶ ἐς τοσοῦτο τὰ πράγματα ἀτοπίας φέρεσθαι οἱ εὐνοῦχοι παρεσκεύασαν, ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν ἀποβουκολοῦντες τὸν Θεοδόσιον, ὥσπερ τοὺς παῖδας ἀθύρμασιν, οὐδὲν ὅ τι καὶ ἄξιον μνήμης διαπράξασθαι συνεχώρησαν, καίτοι ἀγαθῆς ὑπάρχοντα φύσεως· ἀλλ' εἰς πεντήκοντα ἐνιαυτοὺς συνελάσαντα βαναύσοις τέ τισι τέχναις καὶ θήραις προσκαρτερεῖν παρέπεισαν, ὥστε αὐτούς τε καὶ τὸν Χρυσάφιον ἔχειν τὸ τῆς βασιλείας κράτος, ὅνπερ ἡ Πουλχερία μετῆλθε, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τελευτήσαντος. Suidas: Θεοδόσιος, βασιλεὺς Ῥωμαίων, ὁ μικρός. Οὗτος διαδεξάμενος παρὰ πατρὸς τὴν ἀρχὴν, ἀπόλεμος ὢν καὶ δειλίᾳ συζῶν, καὶ τὴν εἰρήνην χρήμασιν, οὐχ ὅπλοις κτησάμενος, πολλὰ προσεξένησε κακὰ τῇ Ῥωμαίων πολιτείᾳ. Ὑπὸ γὰρ τοῖς εὐνούχοις τραφεὶς πρὸς πᾶν σφίσιν ἐπίταγμα εὐπειθὴς ἦν· ὥστε καὶ τοὺς λογάδας τῆς ἐκείνων δεῖσθαι ἐπικουρίας, καὶ πολλὰ νεοχμεῖσθαι ἐν τοῖς πολιτικοῖς καὶ στρατιωτικοῖς τάγμασι, μὴ παριόντων εἰς τὰς ἀρχὰς ἀνδρῶν τῶν διέπειν ταῦτα δυναμένων, ἀλλὰ τῶν χορηγούντων χρυσίον, διὰ δὲ τὴν τῶν εὐνούχων πλεονεξίαν καὶ τῶν Σεβαστιανοῦ δορυφόρων πειρατικὸν συστὰν τόν τε Ἑλλήσποντον καὶ τὴν Προποντίδα διαταράξαι. Ἐς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματα οἱ εὐνοῦχοι ἀτοπίας παρεσκεύασαν, ἀποβουκολοῦντες τὸν Θεοδόσιον, ὥσπερ τοὺς παῖδας ἀθύρμασιν· οὐδὲν ὅ τι καὶ ἄξιον μνήμης διαπράξασθαι παρεσκεύασαν· ἀλλ' εἰς νʹ ἐτῶν ἡλικίαν ἐληλυθὼς διετέλεσε βαναύσους τέ τινας μετιὼν τέχνας καὶ θήρᾳ προσκαρτερῶν· ὥστε τοὺς εὐνούχους καὶ τὸν Χρυσάφιον ἔχειν τὸ τῆς βασιλείας κράτος· ὅνπερ ἡ Πουλχερία μετῆλθε, τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ τελευτήσαντος. 195 Exc. De ins.: Ὅτι ἐπὶ Θεοδοσίου τοῦ νέου, [ ̓Ιωάννης πρωτοστάτης ὢν τῶν βασιλικῶν ὑπογραφέων, μὴ ἐνεγκὼν τὴν εὐτυχίαν τῆς ἰδίας ἀξίας, τὴν βασιλείαν ἁρπάζει, καὶ πρεσβείαν ἀποστέλλει πρὸς τὸν Θεοδόσιον δεχθῆναι εἰς βασιλέα δεομένην· οὓς δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐν φρουρᾷ ποιησάμενος, πέμπει τὸν στρατοπεδάρχην Ἀρδαβούριον, ὃς τὸν Περσικὸν πόλεμον ἠγωνίσατο. Καὶ ὁ μὲν εἰς Σαλώνας παραγενόμενος, ἔπλει ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀκυληίαν, καὶ χρῆται τύχης ἐναντιότητι, μᾶλλον δὲ θειότητι, ὡς ὕστερον ἀπεδείχθη. Ἄνεμος γὰρ οὐκ αἴσιος πνεύσας εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτὸν τοῦ τυράννου ἐνέβαλεν· ὃς συλλαβὼν αὐτὸν, ἤλπιζεν εἰς ἀνάγκην τὸν αὐτοκράτορα καταστῆσαι τοῦ ψηφίσασθαι αὐτὸν συμβασιλεύοντα. Ἀλλ' ὁ μὲν Θεοδόσιος ἐν ἀγῶνι ἐγένετο καὶ ὁ τοῦ Ἀρδαβουρίου παῖς Ἄσπαρ, καὶ ἀφασία κατεῖχε τὰ Ῥωμαίων πράγματα. Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς ἄγγελον ἐν σχήματι ποιμένος ἀπέστειλεν ὁδηγεῖν τὰ Ῥωμαίων στρατόπεδα καὶ τὸν στρατηγὸν Ἄσπαρα, ἄγει τε ἅπαντας διὰ τῆς παρακειμένης τῇ Ῥαβέννῃ λίμνης (ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ τῇ πόλει ὁ τύραννος διέτριβεν), ὅθεν οὐδεὶς οὐδέποτε διαβεβηκέναι ἱστόρηται. Οὕτως οὖν διαβάντες τὴν ἄβατον, καὶ βατὴν διὰ ξηρᾶς τὴν πορείαν εὑρόντες, ἀνεῳγμένας τε τὰς πύλας κατιδόντες, τῆς πόλεως ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγένοντο· καὶ τοῦτον ἀνελόντες