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madness happens to arise, but from not knowing. For he who knows the words according to godliness, this man especially knows how to be moderate; he who understands sound words, is not sick. For what inflammation is in bodies, this is madness in souls; just as there we say that what is inflamed is not healthy, so also here we do not say the boasters are. Therefore it is possible for one who knows something to know nothing; for he who does not know what he ought to know, knows nothing. And that pride comes from knowing nothing, is clear from this: Christ emptied Himself; he who knows this, therefore, will never be arrogant; for a man has nothing, except from God; therefore he will not be arrogant. For what do you have that you did not receive? He Himself washed the feet of the disciples. He who knows this, how will he be lifted up? For this reason He says, When you have done all things, say, We are unprofitable servants. The publican was approved from humility alone, the Pharisee was destroyed by boasting. He, therefore, who is puffed up knows none of these things. Christ Himself again says: If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil; but if well, why do you strike me? But being sick, he says, about questions. Therefore to question is to be sick. And disputes of words; reasonably. For when the soul is feverish from reasonings, when it is storm-tossed, then it questions, but when it is in health, then it does not question, but accepts faith. And from questioning and disputes of words nothing can be found. For what faith alone professes 62.592, when questioning undertakes it, it neither shows nor allows one to understand. For neither if someone, having closed his eyes, wishes to find something of the things sought, will he be able, or again, if with them open, he has buried himself, and having turned away from the ray, he should seek there, will he be able to find anything. So without faith nothing is found, but it is necessary that conflicts be born. From which come blasphemies, evil suspicions. That is, evil opinions and dogmas from questionings. Then we suspect about God what we ought not, when we fall into questionings. Constant frictions; that is, leisure, or occupation. Or he says this, constant frictions: just as mangy sheep by being rubbed against fill even the healthy with disease, so also do these wicked men. And of men destitute, he says, of the truth, who suppose that godliness is a means of gain. Do you see how many things he says the disputes of words produce? Sordid gain, ignorance, madness; for ignorance produces madness. From such, he says, withdraw yourself. He did not say, Go to battle, but, Withdraw yourself, that is, turn away. For a heretical man, he says, after a first or second warning, reject. He shows that they have this ignorance not so much from ignorance, as from indifference. For when will you be able to persuade men who are fighting for the sake of money? Otherwise you will not persuade such men, unless you give again, and not even so will you fill their desire. For the eye of the covetous, he says, is not filled with a portion. It is necessary, therefore, to turn away from them as incorrigible. And if he advises him who has great necessity of fighting not to go into battle nor to engage, much more us who are being discipled, who are in the rank of disciples. And having said that they suppose that godliness is a means of gain, he added: But godliness with contentment is great gain, not when it has money, but when it does not. For so that he may not fall into despondency because of poverty, he raises him up and sets him right; They suppose, he says, that it is gain. For indeed it is, but not in this way, but in a greater way. Then having first cast that one down, he then lifts this one up. For that this gain is nothing, is clear from its remaining here, and not transferring with us, nor journeying with us. From where is this clear? Because we came into life having nothing; therefore we shall depart having nothing; for nature came forth naked, and naked it will depart. Therefore we do not need superfluous things; if we brought nothing in, neither shall we depart having anything. But having food and clothing, with these we shall be content. It is necessary to eat so much

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ἀπόνοιαν αἴρεσθαι συμβαίνει, ἀλλ' ἐκ τοῦ μὴ εἰδέναι. Ὁ γὰρ εἰδὼς τοὺς κατ' εὐσέβειαν λόγους, οὗτος μάλιστα καὶ μετριάζειν οἶδεν· ὁ τοὺς ὑγιαίνοντας ἐπιστάμενος λόγους, οὐ νοσεῖ. Ὅπερ γὰρ ἐπὶ σωμάτων φλεγμονὴ, τοῦτο ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἀπόνοια· ὥσπερ ἐκεῖ τὸ φλεγμαῖνον οὐ φαμὲν ὑγιαίνειν, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐνταῦθα τοὺς ἀλαζόνας. Ἄρα ἔστιν εἰδότα τι μηδὲν εἰδέναι· ὁ γὰρ μὴ εἰδὼς ἅπερ εἰδέναι χρὴ, οὐδὲν οἶδε. Καὶ ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ μηδὲν εἰδέναι ὑπερηφανία γίνεται, δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν· ὁ Χριστὸς ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτόν· ὁ τοῦτο τοίνυν εἰδὼς οὐ μέγα φρονήσει ποτέ· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἔχει ἄνθρωπος, εἰ μὴ παρὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ· οὐκοῦν οὐ μέγα φρονήσει. Τί γὰρ ἔχεις ὃ οὐκ ἔλαβες; Αὐτὸς τοὺς πόδας ἔνιψε τῶν μαθητῶν. Ὁ τοῦτο εἰδὼς, πῶς ἐπαρθήσεται; ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν, Ὅταν πάντα ποιήσητε, λέγετε ὅτι Ἀχρεῖοι δοῦλοί ἐσμεν. Ὁ τελώνης ἀπὸ μόνης ταπεινοφροσύνης εὐδοκίμησεν, ὁ Φαρισαῖος ἐξ ἀλαζονείας ἀπώλετο. Ὁ τοίνυν τετυφωμένος οὐδὲν τούτων ἐπίσταται. Αὐτὸς πάλιν ὁ Χριστός φησιν· Εἰ κακῶς ἐλάλησα, μαρτύρησον περὶ τοῦ κακοῦ· εἰ δὲ καλῶς, τί με δέρεις; Ἀλλὰ νοσῶν, φησὶ, περὶ ζητήσεις. Ἄρα νοσεῖν ἐστι τὸ ζητεῖν. Καὶ λογομαχίαι· εἰκότως. Ὅταν γὰρ ὑπὸ τῶν λογισμῶν ἡ ψυχὴ πυρέττῃ, ὅταν χειμάζηται, τότε ζητεῖ, ὅταν δὲ ἐν ὑγείᾳ ᾖ, τότε οὐ ζητεῖ, ἀλλὰ τὴν πίστιν δέχεται. Ἀπὸ δὲ ζητήσεως καὶ λογομαχίας οὐδὲν ἔστιν εὑρεῖν. Ἃ γὰρ ἡ πίστις ἐπαγγέλλε 62.592 ται μόνη, ἡ ζήτησις ἐπειδὰν ἀναδέξηται, οὔτε δείκνυσιν, οὔτε συνιέναι ἀφίησιν. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἴ τις μύσας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς, βούλεται εὑρεῖν τι τῶν ζητουμένων, δυνήσεται, ἢ αὖ πάλιν, εἰ τούτων ἀνεῳγμένων, κατορύξας ἑαυτὸν, καὶ τὴν ἀκτῖνα ἀποστραφεὶς, ἐκεῖ ζητοίη, δυνήσεταί τι εὑρεῖν. Οὕτω πίστεως χωρὶς οὐδὲν εὑρίσκεται, ἀλλὰ μάχας ἀνάγκη τίκτεσθαι. Ἐξ ὧν γίνονται βλασφημίαι, ὑπόνοιαι πονηραί. Τουτέστι, δόξαι καὶ δόγματα πονηρὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ζητήσεων. Τότε περὶ Θεοῦ ἃ μὴ δεῖ ὑποπτεύομεν, ὅταν εἰς ζητήσεις ἐμπέσωμεν. ∆ιαπαρατριβαί· τουτέστι, σχολὴ, ἢ διατριβή. Ἢ τοῦτό φησι, διαπαρατριβαί· καθάπερ τὰ ψωραλέα τῶν προβάτων παρατριβόμενα νόσου καὶ τὰ ὑγιαίνοντα ἐμπίπλησιν, οὕτω καὶ οὗτοι οἱ πονηροὶ ἄνδρες. Καὶ ἀπεστερημένων, φησὶ, τῆς ἀληθείας, νομιζόντων πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν. Ὁρᾷς πόσα τίκτειν φησὶ τὰς λογομαχίας; αἰσχροκέρδειαν, ἄγνοιαν, ἀπόνοιαν· τὴν γὰρ ἀπόνοιαν ἡ ἄγνοια τίκτει. Ἀπὸ τούτων, φησὶν, ἀφίστασο. Οὐκ εἶπεν, Ὁμόσε χώρει, ἀλλ', Ἀφίστασο, τουτέστιν, ἐκτρέπου. Αἱρετικὸν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἄνθρωπον μετὰ μίαν ἢ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν παραιτοῦ. ∆είκνυσιν αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἀπὸ ἀγνοίας τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἀπὸ ῥᾳθυμίας καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν ἄγνοιαν ἔχοντας. Ἀνθρώπους γὰρ χρημάτων ἕνεκεν μαχομένους πότε δυνήσῃ πεῖσαι; Ἄλλως οὐ πείσεις τοὺς τοιούτους, ἂν μὴ δῷς πάλιν, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως αὐτῶν τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἐμπλήσεις. Πλεονέκτου γὰρ ὀφθαλμὸς, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐμπίπλαται μερίδι. ∆εῖ τοίνυν αὐτοὺς ἀδιορθώτως ἔχοντας ἐκτρέπεσθαι. Εἰ δὲ τῷ τοῦ μάχεσθαι πολλὴν ἔχοντι τὴν ἀνάγκην παραινεῖ μὴ ὁμόσε χωρεῖν μηδὲ συμπλέκεσθαι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον τοῖς μαθητευομένοις ἡμῖν, τοῖς ἐν τάξει μαθητῶν οὖσιν. Εἰπὼν δὲ ὅτι νομίζουσι πορισμὸν εἶναι τὴν εὐσέβειαν, ἐπήγαγεν· Ἔστι δὲ πορισμὸς μέγας ἡ εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας, οὐχ ὅταν χρήματα ἔχῃ, ἀλλ' ὅταν μὴ ἔχῃ. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ καταπέσῃ εἰς ἀθυμίαν διὰ τὴν πενίαν, ἀνίστησιν αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνορθοῖ· Νομίζουσι, φησὶν, ὅτι πορισμός ἐστιν. Ἔστι μὲν γὰρ, ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλὰ μειζόνως. Εἶτα πρότερον καταβαλὼν ἐκείνην, τότε ταύτην ἐπαίρει. Ὅτι γὰρ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὁ πορισμὸς οὗτος, δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ μένειν ἐνταῦθα, μηδὲ συμμεθίστασθαι ἡμῖν, μηδὲ συναποδημεῖν. Πόθεν τοῦτο δῆλον; Ὅτι οὐδὲν ἔχοντες ἤλθομεν εἰς τὸν βίον· οὐκοῦν οὐδὲν ἀπελευσόμεθα ἔχοντες· γυμνὴ γὰρ παρεγένετο ἡ φύσις, γυμνὴ καὶ ἄπεισιν. Οὐ τοίνυν ἡμῖν δεῖ τῶν περιττῶν· εἰ μηδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν, μηδὲ ἔχοντες ἀπελευσόμεθα. Ἔχοντες δὲ διατροφὰς καὶ σκεπάσματα, τούτοις ἀρκεσθησόμεθα. Τοσαῦτα ἐσθίειν χρὴ