John Malalas, Chronography

to the city and to the citizens who lived. And he built there a public bath, near the mountain of Gaius Caesar, having sent from Rome to Antioch itself, in order to build the public bath, Salianus the prefect; who also made a great aqueduct from Daphne, carving the mountain and bringing the waters to the public bath built by him. And he also built temples. And the same Gaius Caesar again sent two other very wealthy senators from Rome, whose names 244 were these, Pontous and Varius, both to guard the city and to build it from the benefactions of the same emperor, and likewise also from their own resources to provide for the same city and to live in it. who built very many buildings from their own resources; and in addition to the buildings, the same senators again built other things in the same city of Antioch from their own funds, a great public bath called the Varian, down by the wall near the river, where they also built their residences near the public bath, and a very splendid Trinymphon, adorning it with statues for all the citizen virgins to be married in. And from the benefactions they erected many buildings in the city of the Antiochenes itself; and the same senators remained living in the city itself. And the same Gaius Caesar honored the remaining landowners with dignities. From the first year of Gaius Caesar, the Green faction, having received license from him, held sway in Rome and in every city for 3 years until his reign; for he favored them. In the third year of his reign, those of the Blue faction of the same city shouted to the local Greens in the theater in Antioch of Syria, "Opportunity raises up and brings down, Green brawlers," while Pronoios, the consular governor, was then watching. And a great public disorder occurred and a disaster befell the city; for the Antiochene Greeks, engaging in a popular battle with the local Jews, killed many Jews 245 and burned their synagogues. And when the priest of the same Jews, named Phinees, heard this in Palestine, having gathered a multitude of Jews and Galileans, who were citizens, having about 30 thousand with him, he came suddenly to the same city of Antioch from the city of Tiberias; and he killed many, having entered suddenly all at once with armed men; and having let be, the same Phinees departed again to Tiberias. And when the emperor Gaius learned these things, he was indignant against the senators who were in the same city of Antioch, Pontous and Varius, and sending men, he confiscated their property, taking all their substance, and he put titles on the houses belonging to them in Antioch, which buildings were from that time called the imperial ones in the same Antioch of Syria, also leading them away in iron chains, because they neither stopped the disturbance of the city nor did they resist the priest Phinees as he was sacking the city. And he also sent men to the city of Tiberias in Palestine, and he took the same Phinees, the priest of the Jews, and beheaded him as a tyrant, and he destroyed many Jews and Galileans. And he impaled the head of the priest Phinees outside the city of Antioch beyond the Orontes river, and he restored the things that had been burned in the city, sending money. And in the same year the same emperor Gaius was slain inside 246 the palace by his own spatharii, the eunuch cubicularii, according to the will of the senate, being 39 years old. And after the reign of Gaius Caesar, Claudius Caesar Germanicus became emperor in the consulship of Cassius and Solon. And the same Claudius Caesar reigned for 14 years and 9 months. He was of medium height, of good bulk, grey-eyed, with greying hair, fair-skinned, long-faced, and most serene. And he founded a city, which he called after his own

πόλει καὶ τοῖς ζήσασι πολίταις. καὶ ἔκτισεν ἐκεῖ δημόσιον λουτρόν, πλησίον τοῦ ὄρους Γαΐου Καίσαρος, πέμψας ἀπὸ Ῥώμης ἐν αὐτῇ Ἀντιοχείᾳ, ἵνα κτίσῃ τὸ δημόσιον λουτρόν, Σαλιανὸν ἔπαρχον· ὅστις καὶ ἀγωγὸν ἐποίησε μέγαν ἀπὸ ∆άφνης γλύψας τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἀγαγὼν τὰ ὕδατα ἐν τῷ κτισθέντι παρ' αὐτοῦ δημοσίῳ λουτρῷ. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ἱερά. Ἀπέστειλε δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς Γάϊος Καῖσαρ καὶ δύο συγκλητικοὺς ἄλλους πάλιν ἀπὸ Ῥώμης πλουσιωτάτους, ὧντινων τὰ ὀνόματα 244 ταῦτα, Πόντοος καὶ Οὐάριος, ἐπὶ τὸ καὶ φυλάττειν τὴν πόλιν καὶ κτίσαι αὐτὴν ἐκ τῶν φιλοτιμηθέντων ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ βασιλέως, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων αὐτῶν παρασχεῖν τῇ αὐτῇ πόλει καὶ οἰκεῖν ἐν αὐτῇ. οἵτινες πολλὰ πάνυ οἰκήματα ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔκτισαν· πρὸς δὲ τοῖς οἰκήμασι καὶ ἄλλα πάλιν ἔκτισαν οἱ αὐτοὶ συγκλητικοὶ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ Ἀντιόχου πόλει ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων αὐτῶν χρημάτων, δημόσιον λουτρὸν μέγα τὸ λεγόμενον Οὐάριον κάτω παρὰ τὸ τεῖχος πλησίον τοῦ ποταμοῦ, ἔνθα καὶ τὰ οἰκήματα αὐτῶν ἔκτισαν πλησίον τοῦ δημοσίου, καὶ Τρίνυμφον εὐπρεπέστατον πάνυ, κοσμήσαντες αὐτὸ ἀγάλμασιν εἰς τὸ γαμοστολεῖσθαι τὰς πολίτιδας παρθένους πάσας. καὶ ἐκ τῶν δὲ φιλοτιμηθέντων ἀνήγειραν πολλὰ κτίσματα ἐν αὐτῇ τῶν Ἀντιοχέων πόλει· καὶ ἔμειναν οἰκοῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει οἱ αὐτοὶ συγκλητικοί. καὶ τοὺς ὑπολειφθέντας δὲ κτήτορας ἀξίαις ἐτίμησεν ὁ αὐτὸς Γάϊος Καῖσαρ. Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ πρώτου ἔτους Γαΐου Καίσαρος παῤῥησίαν λαβὸν παρ' αὐτοῦ τὸ Πράσινον μέρος ἐδημοκράτησεν ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ καὶ κατὰ πόλιν ἐπὶ ἔτη γʹ ἄχρι τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ· ἔχαιρε γὰρ αὐτοῖς. τῷ δὲ τρίτῳ ἔτει τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἔκραξαν ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ τῆς Συρίας οἱ ἐκ Βενέτου μέρους τῆς αὐτῆς πόλεως τοῖς αὐτόθι Πρασίνοις ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ, Καιρὸς ἀνάγει καὶ κατάγει, Πράσινοι μάχοι, θεωροῦντος τότε τοῦ Προνοΐου, ἄρχοντος ὑπατικοῦ. καὶ ἐγένετο δημοτικὴ ἀταξία μεγάλη καὶ συμφορὰ τῇ πόλει συνέβη· οἱ γὰρ Ἀντιοχεῖς Ἕλληνες μετὰ τῶν αὐτόθι Ἰουδαίων συμβαλόντες δημοτικὴν μάχην ἐφόνευσαν πολλοὺς Ἰου 245 δαίους καὶ τὰς συναγωγὰς αὐτῶν ἔκαυσαν. καὶ ἀκούσας ἐν Παλαιστίνῃ ὁ ἱερεὺς τῶν αὐτῶν Ἰουδαίων ὀνόματι Φινεές, συναθροίσας πλῆθος Ἰουδαίων καὶ Γαλιλαίων, πολιτῶν ὄντων, ὡς λʹ χιλιάδας ἔχων μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ ἦλθεν ἐξαίφνης ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ Ἀντιόχου πόλει ἀπὸ Τιβεριάδος πόλεως· καὶ ἐφόνευσεν πολλούς, ὡς ἅπαξ αἰφνίδιον εἰσελθὼν μετὰ ὡπλισμένων ἀνδρῶν· καὶ ἐάσας πάλιν ἀπῆλθεν ἐν Τιβεριάδι ὁ αὐτὸς Φινεές. καὶ ταῦτα μαθὼν ὁ βασιλεὺς Γάϊος ἠγανάκτησε κατὰ τῶν συγκλητικῶν τῶν ὄντων ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ Ἀντιοχείᾳ πόλει Ποντόου καὶ Οὐαρίου, καὶ πέμψας ἐδήμευσεν αὐτοὺς ἐπαίρων πᾶσαν τὴν περιουσίαν αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς διαφέροντας αὐτοῖς ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ οἴκους ἐτίτλωσεν, ἅτινα οἰκήματα ἐκλήθη τὰ βασιλικὰ ἐξ ἐκείνου ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ Ἀντιοχείᾳ τῆς Συρίας, ἀγαγὼν καὶ αὐτοὺς σιδηροδεσμίους, διότι οὔτε τὴν ταραχὴν τῆς πόλεως ἔπαυσαν οὔτε τῷ ἱερεῖ Φινεὲς πορθοῦντι τὴν πόλιν ἀντέστησαν. Ἔπεμψε δὲ καὶ ἐν Τιβεριάδι πόλει τῆς Παλαιστίνης, καὶ παρέλαβε τὸν αὐτὸν Φινεές, ἱερέα τῶν Ἰουδαίων, καὶ ἀπεκεφάλισεν αὐτὸν ὡς τύραννον, καὶ πολλοὺς Ἰουδαίους καὶ Γαλιλαίους ἀπώλεσε. καὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν δὲ τοῦ ἱερέως Φινεὲς ἐκόντευσεν ἔξω τῆς πόλεως Ἀντιοχείας πέραν τοῦ Ὀρέντου ποταμοῦ, καὶ τὰ καυθέντα ἐν τῇ πόλει ἀνενέωσε πέμψας χρήματα. Καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ ἔτει ἐσφάγη ὁ αὐτὸς Γάϊος βασιλεὺς ἔσω ἐν 246 τῷ παλατίῳ ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων σπαθαρίων τῶν κουβικουλαρίων εὐνούχων κατὰ γνώμην τῆς συγκλήτου, ὢν ἐτῶν λθʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν Γαΐου Καίσαρος ἐβασίλευσε Κλαύδιος Καῖσαρ ὁ Γερμανικὸς ἐπὶ τῆς ὑπατείας Κασίου καὶ Σόλωνος. ἐβασίλευσε δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς Κλαύδιος Καῖσαρ ἔτη ιδʹ καὶ μῆνας θʹ. ἦν δὲ κονδοειδής, εὔογκος, γλαυκόφθαλμος, μιξοπόλιος, λευκός, μάκροψις, γαληνότατος. ἔκτισε δὲ πόλιν, ἣν ἐκάλεσεν εἰς ἴδιον