Asterius of Amasea, Homilies

to keep him from tasting wine and every luxury? And who is as strong as he? what hero so renowned? He alone was a worthy match against every battle-line of enemies and he routed an innumerable multitude at will; who once, lacking a sword or spear, but picking up the jawbone of a donkey, struck down warriors, using only the bone. 14.14.1 So, therefore, you too hope, and you will be strong; be eager, and you will be strengthened; give your hearing to the learning of the hidden things, and you will forget food, like the people who followed Jesus teaching in word and deed. Let us be ashamed, we who are incontinent and lovers of pleasure, of the Greeks and Jews who fast, though in vain and for no end; for they are pointlessly deprived of what they do not eat, except as pursuing a thing that is admirable and fitting for the zealous. 14.14.2 For Christians, precision of conduct and the dignity of philosophy are fitting, for whom the pure and true account of piety is present. But those who labor at ethical discipline without this seem to me to be doing something similar to those who build a house without a foundation or construct a ship without laying the keel. Such are the slow-to-learn Hebrews. 14.14.3 And violent laughter comes over me, whenever I see them wandering barefoot through the streets in white cloaks, a reproach to Moses, a shame to the prophets, abortive offspring of Abraham, slaves of foolishness, who are sons of freedom, ignorant and lawless, who are supposedly disciples of the law, having lost the hope of the outcome, since they did not wisely receive the types of the future. 14.14.4 For everything that Moses did, he prefigured as images of the things that would be later; whether you speak of the fast, or the feast of tabernacles, or the memorial of trumpets, likewise circumcision, the unleavened bread, the bitter herbs. All those things were messages of the way of life in Christ, images pre-engraved for those being initiated from the approach toward perfection. 14.15.1 For I, the Christian and slave of the crucified one, fast well, whether pre-purifying myself for the hope of the resurrection or also mourning, as a slave who loves his master, for the sufferings of my Lord. 14.15.2 But you, the son of murderers and descendant of those who slaughtered the lamb, and who received the inheritance of the shed blood from the voice of your fathers, of those who prayed thus for themselves and their children, for what do you fast, tell me. If indeed you are repenting for the things in which you have sinned, I greatly admire your intention, and having left the synagogue of the wicked, hasten to the church of the pious. 14.15.3 Come to the blood of the lamb and be sprinkled. For from there will come your cleansing, from where you constructed your sin. But if even now you are still bound to the same things, what does abstinence from food mean for you other than to imitate the crocodiles of the Nile, which they say mourn over the heads of the men they have eaten and weep over the murder, not feeling repentance for what has happened—for how could irrational and aquatic beasts?—but, it seems to me, lamenting the fleshless part of the head as not suitable for food? And such is the custom regarding the fast. 14.15.4 Dances and orchestrations are the middle and episodic parts of the fast, things that fight against the visible custom; for fasting is understood to be the guide of gravity and orderly modesty, while dancing interprets what is dissolved in unrestrained and many pleasures. 14.16.1 For remember here the Mosaic saying which says that one must fast on the tenth day of the seventh month. For the seventh month indicates the seventh day, and the tenth day the tenth hour, in which the Lord on the cross gave up the spirit. And for each matter there are also exceptional customs, which from their sensible appearance declare the invisible disposition of the soul. 14.16.2 But why do you mix the unmixable and confuse in the same thing what is separate? They also have other public festivals. One they call the feast of tabernacles, and the other I hear of trumpets

ἄγευστον οἴνου καὶ πάσης διαφυλάξαι τρυφῆς; Καὶ τίς ἰσχυρὸς κατ' ἐκεῖνον; τίς δὲ ἀριστεὺς οὕτως ὀνομαστός; Μόνος ἀξιόμαχος ἦν πρὸς πᾶσαν παράταξιν πολεμίων καὶ πλῆθος ἀνάριθμον κατ' ἐξουσίαν ἐτρέπετο· ὃς γέ ποτε ξίφους ἢ δόρατος ἀπορήσας, σιάγονα δὲ ἀνελόμενος ὄνου ἄνδρας πολεμιστὰς κατέστρωσε μόνῳ τῷ ὀστέῳ διαχρησάμενος. 14.14.1 Οὕτω τοίνυν καὶ σὺ ἔλπιζε καὶ ἰσχύσεις· προθυμοῦ καὶ δυναμω θήσῃ· δὸς τὴν ἀκοὴν τῇ μαθήσει τῶν κεκρυμμένων καὶ ἀμνημονήσεις τροφῆς, ὡς ὁ δῆμος ὁ τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἑπόμενος λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ παιδεύοντι. Αἰδεσθῶμεν, οἱ ἀκρατεῖς καὶ φιλήδονοι, Ἕλληνας καὶ Ἰουδαίους νηστεύοντας, μάτην μὲν καὶ ὑπὲρ οὐδενὸς τοῦ τέλους· εἰκῆ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι ζημιοῦνται ὃ μὴ ἐσθίουσι, πλὴν ὡς ζηλωτὸν καὶ πρέπον τοῖς σπουδαίοις μετίοντας τὸ πρᾶγμα. 14.14.2 Χριστιανοῖς πρέπει πολιτείας ἀκρίβεια καὶ φιλοσοφίας σεμνότης, οἷς πάρεστι καθαρὸς καὶ ἀληθὴς τῆς εὐσεβείας ὁ λόγος. Οἱ δὲ τούτου χωρὶς τὴν ἠθικὴν ἐκπονοῦντες ἄσκησιν ὅμοιά μοι δοκοῦντες ἐργάζεσθαι τῶν ἄνευ θεμελίου οἰκίαν κατασκευαζόντων ἢ ναῦν πηγνυμένων μὴ καταβληθείσης τῆς τρόπεως. Τοιοῦτοι δὲ Ἑβραῖοι δυσμαθεῖς. 14.14.3 Καί μοι σφοδρῶς ὁ γέλως ἐπιπίπτει, ὅταν αὐτοὺς θεάσωμαι ἀνυποδέτους ἐν λευκοῖς τρίβωσι περινοστοῦντας τὰ ἄμφοδα, ὄνειδος Μωϋσέως, αἰσχύνην τῶν προφητῶν, γεννήματα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἀμβλωθρίδια, δούλους τῆς ἀφροσύνης τοὺς τῆς ἐλευθερίας υἱούς, ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀνόμους τοὺς δῆθεν μαθητὰς τοῦ νόμου, ἀπολέσαντας τῆς ἐκβάσεως τὴν ἐλπίδα, ἐπειδὴ τοὺς τύπους τοῦ μέλλοντος συνετῶς οὐκ ἐδέξαντο. 14.14.4 Μωϋσῆς γὰρ πᾶν ὅπερ ἔπραττε, τῶν εἰς ὕστερον ἐσομένων εἴδωλα προετύπου· κἂν τὴν νηστείαν εἴπῃς, κἂν τὴν σκηνοπηγίαν, κἂν τὴν ὑπόμνησιν τῶν σαλπίγγων, ὁμοίως τὴν περιτομήν, τὰ ἄζυμα, τὰς πικρίδας. Πάντα ἦν ἐκεῖνα τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ πολιτείας μηνύματα, εἰκόνες προχαραχθεῖσαι τοῖς ἐκ προσαγωγῆς μυσταγωγουμένοις πρὸς τὴν τελείωσιν. 14.15.1 Ἐγὼ μὲν γὰρ ὁ χριστιανὸς καὶ τοῦ σταυρωθέντος δοῦλος νηστεύω καλῶς, εἴτε πρὸς τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς ἀναστάσεως ἐμαυτὸν προκαθαίρων εἴτε καὶ ἐπιστυγνάζων ὡς φιλοδέσποτος δοῦλος τοῖς τοῦ Κυρίου μου πάθεσιν. 14.15.2 Σὺ δὲ ὁ τῶν φονέων υἱὸς καὶ τῶν τὸν ἀμνὸν σφαξάντων ἀπόγονος καὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν τοῦ ἐκχεθέντος αἵματος ἐκ τῆς φωνῆς τῶν πατέρων δεξάμενος, τῶν οὕτως ἑαυτοῖς καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ἐπευξαμένων, ὑπὲρ τίνος νηστεύεις, εἰπέ. Εἰ μὲν ὡς μετανοῶν ἐφ' οἷς ἥμαρτες, ὑπερασπάζομαι σε τῆς γνώμης, καὶ καταλιπὼν τὴν συναγωγὴν τῶν πονηρευομένων σπεῦσον πρὸς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τῶν εὐσεβῶν. 14.15.3 Ἐλθὲ πρὸς τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀμνοῦ καὶ ῥαντίσθητι. Ἐκεῖθεν γάρ σοι ὑπάρξει καὶ ἡ κάθαρσις, ὅθεν συνεστήσω τὴν ἁμαρτίαν. Εἰ δὲ ἔτι καὶ νῦν τοῖς αὐτοῖς προσδέδεσαι, τί σοι βούλεται ἡ ἀποχὴ τῶν σιτίων ἢ τοὺς Νειλῴους κροκοδείλους μιμεῖσθαι, οὕς φασι ταῖς κεφαλαῖς ἐπιθρηνεῖν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧν ἔφαγον καὶ δακρύειν τὸν φόνον, οὐ μετάνοιαν τῶν γενομένων λαμβάνονταςπῶς γὰρ τὰ ἄλογα θηρία καὶ ἔνυδρα; , ἀλλὰ τὸ ἄσαρκον, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, τῆς κεφαλῆς ὀδυρομένους ὡς εἰς βρῶσιν οὐκ ἐπιτήδειον; Οἷον δὲ καὶ τὸ περὶ τὴν νηστείαν σχῆμα. 14.15.4 Χορεῖαι καὶ ὀρχήσεις τῆς ἀσιτείας τὰ μέσα καὶ ἐπεισόδια, πράγματα τῷ σχήματι τῷ φαινομένῳ μαχόμενα· νηστεία γὰρ πυκνώσεως καὶ κοσμίας καταστολῆς νοεῖται παιδαγωγός, χορεία δὲ ἑρμηνεύει τὸ διακεχυμένον ταῖς ἀκράτοις καὶ πολλαῖς εὐπαθείαις. 14.16.1 Μνημόνευσον γὰρ ἐνταῦθα τοῦ ῥητοῦ τοῦ Μωσαϊκοῦ τοῦ λέγοντος τῇ δεκάτῃ τοῦ ἑβδόμου μηνὸς χρῆναι νηστεύειν. ∆ηλοῖ γὰρ ὁ μὲν ἕβδομος μὴν τὴν ἑβδόμην ἡμέραν, ἡ δὲ δεκάτη ἡμέρα τὴν δεκάτην ὥραν, ἐν ᾗ ὁ Κύριος ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ ἀφῆκε τὸ πνεῦμα. Καὶ ἑκάστου πράγματος ἐξαίρετά ἐστι καὶ τὰ σχήματα ἐκ τῆς αἰσθητῆς ἐπιφανείας τὴν ἀόρατον τῆς ψυχῆς δηλοῦντα διάθεσιν. 14.16.2 Σὺ δὲ τί μιγνύεις τὰ ἄμικτα καὶ φύρεις ἐν ταὐτῷ τὰ κεχωρισμένα; Εἰσὶν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἄλλαι πάνδημοι πανηγύρεις. Τὴν μὲν σκηνοπηγίαν καλοῦσι, τὴν δὲ ἄλλην ἀκούω σαλπίγγων