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who, having gone to the deserts, are not ignorant. 197 Then he says: 40,30a Nations will feast on him 30b and will the tribes of the Phoenicians divide him? that is: so great is the bulk of its body, as to be able to suffice for a whole nation. For he does not say these things as if this were going to happen. And he mentioned the Phoenicians because of their commerce. 40,32a But lay your hand upon him 32b remembering the war that happened in his body, 32c and let it happen no more. He here calls the disturbance, the wildness, a 'war'. "After it sneezes a light appears," he says. Such is the beast, wild and powerful and dauntless. Then after this he says:

42,1 THEN JOB ANSWERED AND SAID TO THE LORD: 42,2a I know that you can do all things, 2b

and nothing is impossible for you. 42,3a For who is it that hides counsel from you, 3b but sparing his words and thinks to hide from you? Then he says: 42,5a I had heard of you by the hearing of the ear before, 5b but now my eyes have seen you. Not because he saw with his eyes, but because he heard more clearly. 42,6a Therefore I have despised myself and have wasted away, 6b and I have considered myself earth and ashes. Such is what he said to him: Do you think I have spoken to you for any other reason than that you might be revealed as righteous? "That you might say these words," he says, "not that I might condemn you." A defense for all the things before. For he does not say these things after being delivered from temptation, but while still in terrible straits he sang a recantation. "I account myself as nothing," he says. "I will offer a defense for the former 198 things, and of these I was unworthy." What then does God do? Since he condemned himself, then He justified him. And what does He say? He said to his friends that their sin must be absolved, and He continually calls Job his servant.

42,7a AND IT CAME TO PASS, he says, AFTER THE LORD HAD SPOKEN THESE WORDS

TO JOB, THE LORD SAID TO ELIPHAZ THE TEMANITE: 7b you have sinned, you and your two friends. 7c for you have not spoken anything true before me 7d as my servant Job has. He continually calls him his servant, showing that all the former things have been done away with. "So Job spoke truth in telling his own right actions; but you, in condemning him, have not spoken the truth." 42,8a And now, he says, take seven bullocks and seven rams 8b and go to my servant Job, 8c and he will make burnt offerings for you. He would not have commanded this if there were a law, but he himself becomes a priest for them as they bring the sacrifices. He offered on behalf of his children, he offers on behalf of his friends. See how he shows his lack of malice. He makes them become witnesses to the man's virtue and shows the magnitude of their sin also through the excessiveness of the offering. For so many sacrificial animals would not have been needed, unless the sins that had to be absolved were great. And he shows that not even the sacrifice was sufficient; "for if not," he says, "for his sake, I would not have forgiven your sin." Through this he shows that he also absolved them. 42,8f I would have destroyed you, he says, if not for him. 8g for you did not speak anything true against my servant Job. See, that although speaking with zeal, they were convicted of saying nothing true, 199 or rather they were not speaking with zeal for God; for then they would have been pardoned. So Job rightly accuses them. From this we learn that he who accuses the righteous pays no small sin. 42,11a And all his brothers and his sisters heard, he says, 11b all the things that had happened to him 11c and came to him 11d and all who had known him before this. 11e And having eaten and drunk with him they comforted him 11f and marveled at all the evils which the Lord had brought upon him. 11g And each one gave him one lamb and an unstamped gold tetradrachm. A proof and a sign of the change. For men are accustomed to honor the one honored by God as if by a king. And all things had been changed for him and

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οἳ πρὸς τὰς ἐρημίας ἐλθόντες οὐκ ἀγνοοῦσιν. 197 εἶτά φησιν· 40,30a ἐνσιτοῦνται δὲ αὐτὸν ἔθνη 30b καὶ μεριοῦνται αὐτὸν Φοινίκων γένη; τουτέστιν· τοσοῦτος ὁ τοῦ σώματος ὄγκος ἐστίν, ὡς δυνηθῆναι ὁλοκλήρῳ ἔθνει ἀρκέσαι. οὐ γὰρ δὴ ὡς τούτου μέλλοντος γίνεσθαι ταῦτά φησιν. καὶ Φοινίκων ἐμνήσθη διὰ τὴν ἐμπορίαν. 40,32a ἐπίθες δὲ ἐπ' αὐτῷ χεῖρά σου 32b μνησθεὶς πολέμου τοῦ γενομένου ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ, 32c καὶ μηκέτι γινέσθω. πόλεμον ἐνταῦθα λέγει τὴν ταραχήν, τὴν ἀγριότητα. «μετὰ τὸ χρέμψασθαι αὐτὸ φῶς γίνεται», φησίν. τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τὸ θηρίον ἄγριον καὶ δυνατὸν καὶ ἀκατάπληκτον. εἶτα μετὰ ταῦτά φησιν·

42,1 ΥΠΟΛΑΒΩΝ ∆Ε ΙΩΒ ΛΕΓΕΙ ΤΩ ΚΥΡΙΩ· 42,2a οἶδα, ὅτι πάντα δύνασαι, 2b

ἀδυνατεῖ δέ σοι οὐδέν. 42,3a τίς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ κρύπτων σε βουλήν, 3b φειδόμενος δὲ ῥημάτων καὶ σὲ οἴεται κρύπτειν; εἶτά φησιν· 42,5a ἕως μὲν ὠτὸς ἀκοῆς ἤκουόν σου τὸ πρότερον, 5b νυνὶ δὲ ὀφθαλμοῖς σε ἑώρακα. οὐκ ἐπειδὴ ὀφθαλμοῖς εἶδεν, ἀλλ' ἐπειδὴ σαφέστερον ἤκουσεν. 42,6a διὸ ἐφαύλισα ἐμαυτὸν καὶ ἐτάκην, 6b ἥγημαι δὲ ἐμαυτὸν γῆν καὶ σποδόν. τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, ὃ ἔλεγεν πρὸς αὐτόν· ἄλλως με οἴει σοι κεχρηματικέναι ἢ ἵνα δίκαιος ἀναφανῇς; «ἵνα ταῦτα», φησίν, «εἴπῃς τὰ ῥήματα, οὐχ ἵνα σε κατακρίνω.» ἀπολογία ὑπὲρ τῶν προτέρων ἁπάντων. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπαλλαγεὶς τοῦ πειρασμοῦ ταῦτά φησιν, ἀλλ' ἔτι ἐν τοῖς δεινοῖς ὢν παλινῳδίαν ᾖσεν. «οὐδὲν ἐμαυτὸν τίθεμαι», φησίν· «ἀπολογίαν ὑπὲρ τῶν προ198 τέρων ἐρῶ, καὶ τούτων ἀνάξιος ἤμην ἐγώ.» τί οὖν ὁ θεός; ἐπειδὴ ἑαυτὸν κατεδίκασεν, τότε ἐδικαίωσεν αὐτόν. καὶ τί φησιν; εἶπε τοῖς φίλοις αὐτοῦ, ὅτι δεῖ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν λῦσαι, καὶ θεράποντα αὐτοῦ συνεχῶς καλεῖ τὸν Ἰώβ.

42,7a ΕΓΕΝΕΤΟ ∆Ε, φησίν, ΜΕΤΑ ΤΟ ΛΑΛΗΣΑΙ ΤΟΝ ΚΥΡΙΟΝ ΤΑ ΡΗΜΑΤΑ

ΤΑΥΤΑ ΤΩ ΙΩΒ ΕΙΠΕΝ Ο ΚΥΡΙΟΣ ΕΛΙΦΑΖ ΤΩ ΘΑΙΜΑΝΙΤΗ· 7b ἥμαρτες σὺ καὶ οἱ δύο φίλοι σου. 7c οὐ γὰρ ἐλαλήσατε ἐναντίον μου οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς 7d ὥσπερ ὁ θεράπων μου Ἰώβ. συνεχῶς αὐτὸν καλεῖ θεράποντα αὐτοῦ δεικνύς, ὅτι τὰ πρότερα πάντα ἀνῄρηται. «ὥστε ἀληθῆ ἐλάλησεν ὁ Ἰὼβ λέγων τὰ ἑαυτοῦ κατορθώματα· ὑμεῖς δὲ αὐτὸν καταδικάσαντες οὐκ ἀληθῆ εἰρήκατε.» 42,8a καὶ νῦν, φησίν, λάβετε ἑπτὰ μόσχους καὶ ἑπτὰ κριοὺς 8b καὶ πορεύθητε πρὸς τὸν παῖδά μου Ἰώβ, 8c καὶ ποιήσει καρπώσεις ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν. οὐκ ἂν τοῦτο προσέταξεν, εἰ νόμος ἦν, ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ἱερεὺς γίνεται ἐκείνων προσαγόντων τὰς θυσίας. προσήνεγκεν ὑπὲρ τῶν παίδων, προσφέρει ὑπὲρ τῶν φίλων. ὅρα, πῶς τὸ ἀμνησίκακον αὐτοῦ δείκνυσιν. μάρτυρας αὐτοὺς ποιεῖ γενέσθαι τῆς ἀρετῆς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ δείκνυσι τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸ μέγεθος καὶ διὰ τῆς ὑπερβολῆς τῆς κατὰ τὴν προσφοράν. οὐ γὰρ ἂν τοσούτων ἐδέησεν ἱερείων, εἰ μὴ μεγάλων ὄντων τῶν ὀφειλόντων λυθῆναι ἁμαρτημάτων. καὶ δείκνυσιν, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἡ θυσία ἱκανὴ ἦν· «εἰ μὴ γάρ», φησίν, «δι' αὐτὸν οὐκ ἂν εἴασα τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ὑμῖν.» διὰ τούτου δείκνυσιν, ὅτι καὶ αὐτοὺς ἔλυσεν. 42,8f ἀπώλεσα, φησίν, ἂν ὑμᾶς εἰ μὴ δι' αὐτόν. 8g οὐ γὰρ ἐλαλήσατε κατὰ τοῦ θεράποντός μου Ἰὼβ οὐδὲν ἀληθές. ὅρα, ὅτι καίτοι ζήλῳ λέγοντες ἠλέγχοντο μηδὲν ἀληθὲς εἰπόν199 τες, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐκ ἔλεγον ζήλῳ τῷ κατὰ θεόν· ἦ γὰρ ἂν συνεγνώσθησαν. ὥστε δικαίως αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰὼβ ἐγκαλεῖ. ἐκ τούτου μανθάνομεν, ὅτι ὁ κατηγορῶν τῶν δικαίων οὐ μικρὰν ἁμαρτίαν τίνει. 42,11a ἤκουσαν δέ, φησίν, πάντες οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἱ ἀδελφαὶ αὐτοῦ 11b πάντα τὰ συμβεβηκότα αὐτῷ 11c καὶ ἦλθον πρὸς αὐτὸν 11d καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ᾔδεισαν αὐτὸν πρὸ τούτου. 11e φαγόντες δὲ καὶ πιόντες παρ' αὐτῷ παρεκάλεσαν αὐτὸν 11f καὶ ἐθαύμασαν ἐπὶ πᾶσι τοῖς κακοῖς, οἷς ἐπήγαγεν αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος. 11g καὶ ἔδωκαν αὐτῷ ἕκαστος ἀμνάδα μίαν καὶ τετράδραχμον χρυσοῦν ἄσημον. τεκμήριον καὶ σημεῖον τῆς μεταβολῆς. τὸν γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ τιμηθέντα καθάπερ ὑπὸ βασιλέως τιμᾶν εἰώθασιν ἄνθρωποι. καὶ πάντα αὐτῷ μετεβέβλητο καὶ