John Chrysostom, On John

that he baptizes in the Spirit, he allowed the clearer teaching concerning this to be learned from him; much more would Andrew have done this, not considering himself sufficient for the whole explanation, but drawing the very fount of light to it with so much eagerness and joy, as not even to put him off or delay in the least. And looking at him, it says, Jesus says: You are Simon the son of Jonah; you will be called Cephas, which is interpreted Peter. He begins therefore here to reveal the things of his divinity, and little by little to open it up by his predictions. Thus he also did in the case of Nathanael, and in the case of the Samaritan woman. 2. For prophecies are brought forward no less than signs, and they have an unboastful quality. For miracles might be slandered among the foolish (For he casts out demons, it says, by Beelzebul), but concerning prophecy nothing of the sort was ever said. In the case of Simon and Nathanael, therefore, he used this manner of teaching; but in the case of Andrew and Philip he did not do this. Why? Because those men had the testimony of John, no small preparation; but Philip, seeing those present, received a credible proof for faith. You are Simon the son of Jonah, you will be called Cephas, which is interpreted Peter. From the present the future is also confirmed. For he who spoke of the Father, it is clear that he also foreknew the future; and the prediction is with praise. This was not of one who flatters, but of one who foretells the future; and this is clear from that. Consider at least in the case of the Samaritan woman, how he makes the prediction with strong reproofs. For you have had five husbands, he says; and he whom you now have is not your husband. Thus also his Father makes much account of prophecy, standing against the opinion of idols. For let them declare 59.122 to you what is about to come upon you; and again: I have declared and I have saved, and there was no stranger among you; and through the whole of prophecy he brings this to the fore. For this is especially the work of God, which not even the demons would be able to imitate, even if they were to contend vehemently. For in the case of miracles there might even be illusion; but to foretell future things with accuracy, belongs to that pure nature alone. And if demons have ever done this, it is by deceiving the more foolish; whence also their oracles are everywhere easily detected. But Peter answers nothing to these things; for he as yet knew nothing clearly, but was for the time learning. But see how not even the whole prediction is stated. For he did not say, I will rename you Peter, and I will build my Church upon this rock, but, You shall be called Cephas. For that would have been of greater authority and power. But Christ does not immediately nor from the beginning display all the things of his power, but for the time speaks more humbly. When, therefore, he gave proof of his divinity, he then states it more authoritatively, saying: Blessed are you, Simon, because my Father has revealed it to you; and again: And I say to you: you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church. He thus named this one, therefore; but those with James, sons of thunder. For what reason then does he do this? Showing that he himself is the one who also gave the Old Testament, and who changes names, who called Abram, Abraham, and Sarai, Sarah; and Jacob, Israel. To many, indeed, he also gave names from birth, as to Isaac, as to Samson, as to those in Isaiah and Hosea; but to others after the name given by their parents, as to those mentioned, and to Joshua the son of Nun. And this was also a custom for the ancients, to give names from events, which indeed Elias also did, But this is not done simply, but so that they might have the name as a reminder of the benefaction of God, so that a perpetual memory of the prophecy through the names might sound in the ears of the listeners. Thus he also called John from above. For to whom virtue was to shine forth from their earliest age, from there they received their names; but to those who were to advance later, the name was also given later. 3.

ὅτι ἐν Πνεύματι βαπτίζει, τὴν σαφεστέραν περὶ τούτου διδασκαλίαν ἐπέτρεψε παρ' ἐκείνου μαθεῖν· πολλῷ μᾶλλον Ἀνδρέας ἂν τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, αὐτὸς μὲν οὐχ ἡγούμενος πρὸς τὴν ἐξήγησιν πᾶσαν ἐξαρκεῖν, εἰς δὲ αὐτὴν τοῦ φωτὸς ἕλκων τὴν πηγὴν μετὰ τοσαύτης σπουδῆς καὶ χαρᾶς, ὡς μηδὲ τὸ τυχὸν ἀναβαλέσθαι καὶ μελλῆσαι ἐκεῖνον. Καὶ ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ, φησὶν, ὁ Ἰησοῦς λέγει· Σὺ εἶ Σίμων ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωνᾶ· σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται Πέτρος. Ἄρχεται λοιπὸν ἐνταῦθα ἀποκαλύπτειν τὰ τῆς θεότητος, καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν αὐτὴν παρανοίγειν ἀπὸ τῶν προῤῥήσεων. Οὕτω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ναθαναὴλ ἐποίησε, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γυναικὸς τῆς Σαμαρείτιδος. βʹ. Τῶν γὰρ σημείων οὐχ ἧττον αἱ προφητεΐαι προσάγονται, καὶ τὸ ἀκόμπαστον ἔχουσι. Τὰ μὲν γὰρ θαύματα κἂν διαβληθείη παρὰ τοῖς ἀνοήτοις (Ἐν Βεελζεβοὺλ γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια), περὶ δὲ τῆς προφητείας οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐλέχθη ποτέ. Ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ Σίμωνος καὶ τοῦ Ναθαναὴλ τούτῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας τῷ τρόπῳ κέχρηται. ἐπὶ δὲ Ἀνδρέου καὶ Φιλίππου τοῦτο οὐκ ἐποίησε. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι μὲν εἶχον τὴν μαρτυρίαν Ἰωάννου, οὐ μικρὰν παρασκευήν· ὁ δὲ Φίλιππος τοὺς παρόντας ὁρῶν, ἀξιόπιστον τεκμήριον ἐλάμβανε πίστεως. Σὺ εἶ Σίμων ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωνᾶ, σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται Πέτρος. Ἀπὸ τοῦ παρόντος καὶ τὸ μέλλον πιστοῦται. Ὁ γὰρ τὸν Πατέρα εἰπὼν, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ τὸ μέλλον προῄδει· καὶ μετ' ἐγκωμίου ἡ πρόῤῥησις. Τοῦτο δὲ οὐ κολακεύοντος ἦν, ἀλλὰ τὸ μέλλον προλέγοντος· καὶ δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν. Σκόπει γοῦν ἐπὶ τῆς Σαμαρείτιδος, πῶς μετὰ σφοδρῶν ἐλέγχων ποιεῖται τὴν πρόῤῥησιν. Πέντε γὰρ, φησὶν, ἄνδρας ἔσχες· καὶ νῦν ὃν ἔχεις, οὐκ ἔστι σου ἀνήρ. Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Πατὴρ αὐτοῦ πολὺν περὶ προφητείας ποιεῖται λόγον, πρὸς τὴν τῶν εἰδώλων δόξαν ἱστάμενος. Ἀπαγγειλάτωσαν γὰρ 59.122 ὑμῖν τί μέλλει ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ἔρχεσθαι· καὶ πάλιν· Ἀπήγγειλα καὶ ἔσωσα, καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀλλότριος· καὶ δι' ὅλης τοῦτο τῆς προφητείας εἰς μέσον ἄγει. Τοῦτο γὰρ μάλιστα ἔργον Θεοῦ, ὅπερ οὐδὲ μιμήσασθαι δύναιντ' ἂν οἱ δαίμονες, κἂν σφόδρα φιλονεικῶσιν. Ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν θαυμάτων καὶ φαντασία γένοιτο ἄν· τὸ δὲ τὰ μέλλοντα προειπεῖν μετὰ ἀκριβείας, τῆς ἀκηράτου φύσεως ἐκείνης μόνης ἐστίν. Εἰ δέ που καὶ δαίμονες τοῦτο πεποιήκασιν, ἀλλ' ἀπατῶντες τοὺς ἀνοητοτέρους· ὅθεν καὶ εὐφώρατα αὐτῶν πανταχοῦ τὰ μαντεῖα. Ὁ δὲ Πέτρος οὐδὲν πρὸς ταῦτα ἀποκρίνεται· οὐδέπω γὰρ οὐδὲν ᾔδει σαφῶς, ἀλλὰ τέως ἐμάνθανεν. Ὅρα δὲ οὐδὲ ὁλόκληρον τὴν πρόῤῥησιν κειμένην. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν, Ἐγώ σε μετονομάσω Πέτρον, καὶ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ἐπὶ τῇ πέτρᾳ ταύτῃ, ἀλλὰ, Σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς. Ἐκεῖνο γὰρ αὐθεντίας ἦν καὶ ἐξουσίας μείζονος. Ὁ δὲ Χριστὸς οὐκ εὐθέως οὐδὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τὰ τῆς ἐξουσίας ἐπιδείκνυται πάντα, ἀλλὰ τέως ταπεινότερον φθέγγεται. Ὅτε γοῦν ἔδωκε τῆς αὐτοῦ θεότητος ἀπόδειξιν, λοιπὸν αὐθεντικώτερον αὐτὸ τίθησι, λέγων· Μακάριος εἶ, Σίμων, ὅτι ὁ Πατήρ μου ἀπεκάλυψέ σοι· καὶ πάλιν· Κἀγώ σοι λέγω· σὺ εἶ Πέτρος, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ πέτρᾳ ταύτῃ οἰκοδομήσω μου τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν. Τοῦτον μὲν οὖν οὕτως ὠνόμασε· τοὺς δὲ περὶ Ἰάκωβον, υἱοὺς βροντῆς. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν τοῦτο ποιεῖ; ∆εικνὺς ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ καὶ τὴν Παλαιὰν δεδωκὼς, καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα μεταῤῥυθμίζων, ὁ τὸν Ἄβραμ, Ἀβραὰμ καλέσας, καὶ τὴν Σάραν Σάῤῥαν· καὶ τὸν Ἰακὼβ Ἰσραήλ. Πολλοῖς μὲν καὶ ἐκ γενετῆς τὰ ὀνόματα ἔθηκεν, ὡς τῷ Ἰσαὰκ, ὡς τῷ Σαμψὼν, ὡς τοῖς ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ καὶ Ὠσηέ· τοῖς δὲ μετὰ τὴν παρὰ τῶν γονέων προσηγορίαν, ὡς τοῖς τε εἰρημένοις, καὶ τῷ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ναυή. Ἔθος δὲ καὶ τοῦτο τοῖς παλαιοῖς ἦν, ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων τὰ ὀνόματα τίθεσθαι, ὅπερ δήπου καὶ Ἠλίας πεποίηκε, Τοῦτο δὲ οὐχ ἁπλῶς γίνεται, ἀλλ' ἵνα τὴν προσηγορίαν ἔχωσιν ὑπόμνημα τῆς εὐεργεσίας τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἵνα μνήμη διηνεκὴς τῆς διὰ τῶν ὀνομάτων προφητείας ἐνηχῆται τοῖς ἀκούουσιν. Οὕτω καὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην ἄνωθεν ἐκάλεσεν. Οἷς μὲν γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἐκ πρώτης ἡλικίας ἡ ἀρετὴ διαλάμπειν, ἐκεῖθεν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐλάμβανον· τοῖς δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα μέλλουσιν ἐπιδιδόναι, μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἡ προσηγορία ἐτίθετο. γʹ.