78

towards the inexhaustible source of this great gift, not only then when prayer is active in the mind, since the apostles are not recorded to have said anything through their mouth about this, not only then when the soul prays in the mind is that transmission effected, but at the same time the body also acts through the hands which, by their touch, transmit the Spirit to the one held by them. What then are these gifts? are they not gifts of the spirit nor given for the good to those who ask and pray, because those who are caught up to the third heaven must forget all things of the body?

Rather, let us here add the very words of the philosopher: “If the things that happen to them during prayer are gifts of God, such as these powers and gifts, it is wrong to say that one praying in the mind must forget everything; for no one fails to notice the things given to him by God for his good; but if he who is lifted up through prayer must forget these things, how is it not absurd to attribute to God these things, whose tranquility and absence are better for prayer?”. But, O best of men, God at times puts those who pray sincerely out of themselves, making them be above themselves and snatching them up ineffably into the heavens, and at other times, while they are in themselves, He works through both their soul and their body things supernatural and ineffable and incomprehensible to the wise of this age. For to all the apostles, once persevering in prayer and supplication in the temple, the Holy Spirit, coming upon them, did not give ecstasy nor snatch them up into heaven, but armed them with tongues of fire and through them spoke those things, all of which it is necessary for those in ecstasy to forget, if indeed even of themselves. (σελ. 378) And when Moses was silent, “why do you cry to me?” says God; and this voice shows him praying; but since he prayed while silent, he was surely praying in his mind; was he not then in his senses, nor aware of the people and their cries and the impending danger, nor of that tangible rod in his hand? Why then did God not snatch him away then, nor release him from sensation (for you yourself deem this alone to be granted by God to those who pray), but urged him toward that tangible rod and placed that great power, not only in the soul but also in the body and the hand, of all which one who prays in the mind must be forgetful? And what of when, being silent, he brought the blow upon the sea with the rod in his hand, first as if to divide it, then as if to join it after the crossing? Did he not have the unshakable memory of God in his soul, nor through mental prayer was supremely united with the only One able to work such things through him, while at the same time not being insensible of the actions through the body?

But since he also brought forth testimonies from the Scriptures, let us see if these too do not oppose his opinions about prayer. Above all, then, the great Dionysius is brought forward by him to bear witness, as he thinks, to his own opinions, writing to the holy Timothy: “in your intense practice of mystical contemplation, leave behind the senses and the operations of the intellect, and all things sensible and intelligible, and be raised up, as far as you can, to union with Him who is beyond all being and knowledge.” This exhortatory saying, then, of the divine Dionysius to Timothy, which this wise man brought forward as if it would safely bear witness that he alone thinks correctly about mental prayer, refutes him, as the argument will show (σελ. 380) as it proceeds, as he completely abolishes mental prayer, which he almost never ceased doing through all his previous arguments. For he who considers the beginning of prayer to be abominable, which is the in

78

πρός τήν τῆς μεγαλοδωρεᾶς ταύτης ἀνέκλειπτον πηγήν, οὐ μόνον τοίνυν εὐχῆς ἐνεργουμένης νοερῶς, ἐπεί μηδέ λέγειν ἐπί τούτου τι διά στόματος οἱ ἀπόστολοι ἱστόρηνται, οὐ μόνον τοίνυν τῆς ψυχῆς νοερῶς προσευχομένης ἐνεργεῖται ἡ διάδοσις ἐκείνη, ἀλλ᾿ ἅμα καί τοῦ σώματος ἐνεργοῦντος διά τῶν χειρῶν τῇ ἁφῇ διαπεμπουσῶν τό Πνεῦμα ἐπί τόν ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἐχόμενον. Τί οὖν τά χαρίσματα ταῦτα; οὐ τοῦ πνεύματος δόματα οὐδέ τοῖς αἰτιοῦσι καί προσευχομένοις πρός καλοῦ δίδοται, διότι τοῖς μέχρι τρίτου οὐρανοῦ ἁρπαζομένοις πάντων ἐπιλελῆσθαι τῶν διά σώματος δεῖ;

Μᾶλλον δέ ἐκεῖνα αὐτά τοῦ φιλοσόφου τά ρήματα προσπαραθῶμεν ἐνταῦθα˙ «εἰ μέν δῶρα Θεοῦ τά συμβαίνοντα αὐτοῖς κατά τήν προσευχήν, οἷον αἱ δυνάμεις αὗται καί τά δόματα, κακῶς λέγεται τό δεῖν ἐπιλελῆσθαι πάντων τῶν νοερῶς προσευχόμενον˙ οὐδένα γάρ λανθάνει δεῖ τά ὑπό Θεοῦ πρός καλοῦ αὐτῷ διδόμενα˙ εἰ δέ τούτων ἐπιλελῆσθαι χρεών τόν διά προσευχῆς ἀναγόμενον, πῶς οὐκ ἄτοπον τούτων τόν Θεόν αἰτιᾶσθαι, ὧν ἡ ἠρεμία καί ἀπουσία βελτίων πρός τήν προσευχήν;». Ἀλλ᾿ ὦ βέλτιστε, τούς εἰλικρινῶς προσευχομένους ὁ Θεός ποτέ μέν ἐξίστησιν αὑτῶν, ὑπέρ ἑαυτούς ποιῶν καί ἁρπάζων ἀπορρήτως εἰς τά οὐράνια, ποτέ δέ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς οὖσιν αὐτός διά τε τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῶν καί τοῦ σώματος ἐνεργεῖ τά ὑπερφυᾶ καί ἀπόρρητα καί τοῖς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου σοφοῖς ἀκατάληπτα. Καί πᾶσι γάρ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις, ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ ποτε προσκαρτεροῦσι τῇ προσευχῇ καί τῇ δεήσει, τό Πνεῦμα τό ἅγιον ἐπιδημῆσαν οὐκ ἔκστασιν ἔδωκεν οὐδ᾿ ἥρπασεν εἰς οὐρανόν, ἀλλά πυρίναις γλώσσαις ἐστόμωσεν αὐτούς καί δι᾿ αὐτῶν ἐκεῖνα ἐλάλει, ὧν πάντων ἐπιλελῆσθαι τούς ἐν ἐκστάσει γενομένους ἐπάναγκες, εἴπερ καί ἑαυτῶν. (σελ. 378) Τοῦ δέ Μωϋσέως σιωπῶντος, «τί βοᾷς πρός με;» φησίν ὁ Θεός˙ ἡ δέ φωνή αὕτη προσευχόμενον δείκνυσιν αὐτόν˙ ἐπεί δέ σιωπῶν προσηύχετο, νοερῶς δήπουθεν προσηύχετο˙ ἆρ᾿ οὖν οὐκ ἐν αἰσθήσει ἦν ἐκεῖνος τότε, οὐδ᾿ ἐπῃσθάνετο τοῦ τε λαοῦ καί τῶν κραυγῶν αὐτῶν καί τοῦ ἐπηρτημένου κινδύνου, οὐδέ τῆς ἐπί τῆς χειρός αἰσθητῆς ἐκείνης ράβδου; Πῶς οὖν οὐχ ἥρπασε τότε αὐτόν ὁ Θεός, οὐδ᾿ ἀπέλυσε τῆς αἰσθήσεως (τοῦτο γάρ μόνον ἀξιοῖς αὐτός τοῖς προσευχομένοις ὑπό Θεοῦ προσγίνεσθαι), ἀλλά πρός τήν αἰσθητήν ἐκείνην ἤπειγε ράβδον καί τήν μεγάλην ἐκείνην ἐνετίθει δύναμιν, οὐ τῇ ψυχῇ μόνον ἀλλά καί τῷ σώματι καί τῇ χειρί, ὧν πάντων ἐπιλελῆσθαι δεῖ τόν νεορῶς προσευχόμενον; Τί δ᾿ ὅτε σιωπῶν ἐκεῖνος διά τῆς ἐν τῇ χειρί ράβδου τῇ θαλάττῃ τήν πληγήν ἐπέφερε, πρῶτον μέν ὡς διαιρήσων, εἶθ᾿ ὡς συνάψων τούτην μετά τήν διάβασιν; Ἆρ᾿ οὐ μνήμην εἶχεν ἀρρέμβαστον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ, οὐδέ διά νοερᾶς προσευχῆς ὑπερηνωμένος ἦν τῷ μόνῳ δυναμένῳ δι᾿ αὐτοῦ τοιαῦτα ἐνεργεῖν, ἅμα καί τῶν διά τοῦ σώματος ἐνεργειῶν οὐκ ἀναισθήτως ἔχων;

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεί καί μαρτυρίας ἀπό τῶν Γραφῶν προήνεγκεν, ἴδωμεν εἰ μή καί αὕται ταῖς αὐτοῦ περί προσευχῆς ἐναντιοῦνται δόξαις. Πρό πάντων οὖν ὁ μέγας ∆ιονύσιος συμμαρτυρήσων, ὡς οἴεται, τοῖς αὐτῷ δοκοῦσιν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ προάγεται, πρός τόν ἱερόν Τιμόθεον γράφων˙ «τῇ περί τά μυστικά θεάματα συντόνῳ διατριβῇ καί τάς αἰσθήσεις ἀπόλιπε καί τάς νοεράς ἐνεργείας καί πάντα τά αἰσθητά καί νοητά, καί πρός τήν ἕνωσιν ὡς ἐφικτόν ἀνατάθητι τοῦ ὑπέρ πᾶσαν οὐσίαν καί γνῶσιν». Αὕτη τοίνυν ἡ τοῦ θείου ∆ιονυσίου προτρεπτική πρός Τιμόθεον ρῆσις, ἥν ὁ σοφός προήγαγεν οὗτος ὡς μαρτυρήσουσαν μόνον αὐτόν ἀσφαλῶς περί νοερᾶς διανοεῖσθαι προσευχῆς, ἐξελέγχει αὐτόν, ὡς ὁ λόγος δείξει (σελ. 380) προϊών, τήν νοεράν τελέως καταργοῦντα προσευχήν, ὅ καί διά τῶν προτέρων αὐτοῦ πάντων λόγων σχεδόν οὐ διέλιπε ποιῶν. Ὁ γάρ τήν ἀρχήν τῆς προσευχῆς ἀποτρόπαιον ἡγούμενος, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐν