John Chrysostom, On the Letter to the Philippians

He hinted, saying, "That it might be conformed to the body of His glory." Therefore it is 62.279 the same thing, but it is clothed with incorruptibility. He will transform, he says. Therefore the form is also different, or he called the change thus by an extension of meaning. He said, "the body of our humiliation," because it is now humbled, because it is liable to corruption, to pain, because it seems to be of little worth, and to have nothing more than the rest. "That it might be," he says, "conformed to the body of His glory." Wow! to that one, who sits at the right hand of the Father, this body becomes conformed; to that one, who is worshipped by angels, to that one, whom the incorporeal powers attend, to that one who is above every rule and authority and power, to that one it becomes conformed. Therefore, if the whole world, taking up tears, should weep for those who have fallen from this hope, it would weep worthily, because when a promise lies before us to become conformed to Him, one departs with the demons? I care nothing for Gehenna from now on; whatever you may say, I consider it nothing compared to this fall. What do you say, O Paul? Does it become conformed to that one? Yes, he says. Then, so that you might not disbelieve, he also brought in a reasoning: "According to the working," he says, "by which he is able also to subject all things to himself." He has power, he says, so as to subject all things, so also corruption and death; rather, from the same power he does this also. For which is of greater power, tell me, to subject angels and archangels and Cherubim and Seraphim and demons, or to make a body incorruptible and immortal? By much more this, than that. He showed greater works of His power, so that you might believe these things also. So even if you see them rejoicing, even if you see them glorified, stand fast, be not at all harmed by them, be not at all frightened; these hopes are sufficient to raise up even the very sluggish and drowsy person. So, my brothers, he says, beloved and longed for, my joy and my crown, so stand fast in the Lord, beloved. So, how? As you stand, unwavering. See how after the exhortation comes the praises: "My joy and my crown." Not simply joy, but also glory; not simply glory, but also a crown; of which glory there is no equal, when they are Paul’s crown. So stand fast in the Lord, beloved; that is, in the hope of God. I entreat Euodia, and I entreat Syntyche, to be of the same mind in the Lord. And I ask you also, true yokefellow, help them. 3. Some say that he here exhorts his own wife, "True yokefellow"; but it is not so, but some woman, or even the husband of one of them. Help them, he says, who labored with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and the rest of my fellow-workers, whose names are in the book of life. Do you see how much virtue he attests to them? That which Christ said to the apostles, "Do not rejoice that the demons are subject to you, but that your names are written in the book of life," this he also attests to them, saying, "Whose names are in the book of life." But these women seem to me to be the chief part of the Church there, and he entrusts 62.280 them perhaps to a wonderful man, whom he also calls a yokefellow; to whom perhaps he was accustomed to entrust them, as to a fellow-worker and soldier and partner and brother; which he also does in the letter to the Romans, saying, "I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a deaconess of the Church which is at Cenchreae." Yokefellow. He calls either some brother of theirs, or even the husband of one of them so; as if he were saying: Now you are a true brother, now a true husband, because you have become a member. "Who labored with me in the gospel." Your patronage is from within, not from friendship, but from their achievements. "They labored with me." What do you say? Women labored with you? Yes, he says. These too contributed no small part; and although there were many who worked with him, yet in

ᾐνίξατο εἰπὼν, Εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτὸ σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ. Ἄρα τὸ 62.279 αὐτὸ μέν ἐστιν, ἐνδύεται δὲ ἀφθαρσίαν. Μετασχηματίσει, φησίν. Ἄρα καὶ τὸ σχῆμα ἕτερον, ἢ τὴν μεταβολὴν οὕτω καταχρηστικῶς ἐκάλεσε. Σῶμα δὲ ταπεινώσεως ἡμῶν εἶπεν, ὅτι τεταπείνωται νῦν, ὅτι τῇ φθορᾷ ἐστιν ὑπεύθυνον, τῇ ἀλγηδόνι, ὅτι δοκεῖ εὐτελὲς εἶναι, καὶ οὐδὲν τῶν λοιπῶν ἔχειν τι πλέον. Εἰς τὸ γενέσθαι αὐτὸ, φησὶ, σύμμορφον τῷ σώματι τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ. Βαβαί! ἐκείνῳ, τῷ καθημένῳ ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Πατρὸς, σύμμορφον τοῦτο τὸ σῶμα γίνεται· ἐκείνῳ, τῷ προσκυνουμένῳ ὑπὸ ἀγγέλων, ἐκείνῳ, ᾧ παρεστήκεσαν αἱ ἀσώματοι δυνάμεις, ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἐπάνω πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας καὶ δυνάμεως, ἐκείνῳ σύμμορφον γίνεται. Ἆρα ἂν ἡ οἰκουμένη πᾶσα λαβοῦσα δάκρυα, τοὺς ταύτης τῆς ἐλπίδος ἐκπεπτωκότας δακρύῃ, ἀξίως δακρύσει, ὅτι ἐπαγγελίας ἡμῖν κειμένης ἐκείνῳ γενέσθαι σύμμορφον, μετὰ τῶν δαιμόνων ἀπέρχεται; Οὐ μέλει μοι γεέννης λοιπόν· ὅσα ἂν εἴπῃς, οὐδὲν νομίζω πρὸς τὴν ἔκπτωσιν ταύτην. Τί λέγεις, ὦ Παῦλε; ἐκείνῳ σύμμορφον γίνεται; Ναὶ, φησίν. Εἶτα, ἵνα μὴ ἀπιστήσῃς, καὶ λογισμὸν ἐπήγαγε· Κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν, φησὶ, τοῦ δύνασθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ὑποτάξαι ἑαυτῷ τὰ πάντα. ∆ύναμιν ἔχει, φησὶν, ὥστε τὰ πάντα ὑποτάξαι, ὥστε καὶ τὴν φθορὰν καὶ τὸν θάνατον· μᾶλλον δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως καὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖ. Ποῖον γὰρ δυνάμεώς ἐστι μείζονος, εἰπέ μοι, ἀγγέλους καὶ ἀρχαγγέλους καὶ Χερουβὶμ καὶ Σεραφὶμ ὑποτάξαι καὶ δαίμονας, ἢ σῶμα ποιῆσαι ἄφθαρτον καὶ ἀθάνατον; Πολλῷ δὴ μᾶλλον τοῦτο, ἣ ἐκεῖνο. Ἔδειξε μείζονα ἔργα τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, ἵνα καὶ τούτοις πιστεύσῃς. Ὥστε κἂν ὁρᾶτε τούτους χαίροντας, κἂν ὁρᾶτε δεδοξασμένους, στήκετε, μηδὲν παραβλάπτεσθε παρ' αὐτῶν, μηδὲν πτύρεσθε· ἱκαναὶ αὗται αἱ ἐλπίδες καὶ τὸν σφόδρα νωθρὸν καὶ ὑπνηλὸν ἀνορθῶσαι. Ὥστε, ἀδελφοί μου, φησὶν, ἀγαπητοὶ καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι, χαρά μου καὶ στέφανός μου, οὕτω στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί. Οὕτω, πῶς; Ὡς ἑστήκατε ἀκλινεῖς. Ὅρα πῶς μετὰ τὴν παραίνεσιν τὰ ἐγκώμια· Χαρὰ καὶ στέφανός μου. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς χαρὰ, ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξα· οὐχ ἁπλῶς δόξα, ἀλλὰ καὶ στέφανος· ἧς δόξης οὐκ ἔστιν ἴσον, ὅταν Παύλου στέφανος ὦσιν. Οὕτω στήκετε ἐν Κυρίῳ, ἀγαπητοί· τουτέστιν, ἐν τῇ ἐλπίδι τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εὐοδίαν παρακαλῶ, καὶ Συντύχην παρακαλῶ τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν Κυρίῳ. Καὶ ἐρωτῶ καὶ σὲ, σύζυγε γνήσιε, συναντιλαμβάνου αὐταῖς. γʹ. Τινὲς τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ παρακαλεῖν ἐνταῦθά φασιν, Σύζυγε γνήσιε· ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔστιν, ἀλλά τινα γυναῖκα, ἢ καὶ ἄνδρα μιᾶς αὐτῶν. Συναντιλαμβάνου αὐταῖς, φησὶν, αἵτινες ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ συνήθλησάν μοι, μετὰ καὶ Κλήμεντος καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν συνεργῶν μου, ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς. Ὁρᾷς ὅσην αὐτοῖς ἀρετὴν μαρτυρεῖ; Ὅπερ τοῖς ἀποστόλοις εἶπεν ὁ Χριστὸς, Μὴ χαίρετε, ὅτι τὰ δαιμόνια ὑμῖν ὑπακούει, ἀλλ' ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐγγεγραμμένα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς, τοῦτο αὐτοῖς μαρτυρεῖ καὶ οὗτος λέγων, Ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς. ∆οκοῦσι δέ μοι αὗται αἱ γυναῖκες τὸ κεφάλαιον εἶναι τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐκεῖ, καὶ παρατί 62.280 θεται αὐτὰς ἀνδρὶ ἴσως θαυμαστῷ, ὃν καὶ σύζυγον καλεῖ· ᾧ ἴσως εἰώθει παρατίθεσθαι, ὡς συνεργῷ καὶ στρατιώτῃ καὶ κοινωνῷ καὶ ἀδελφῷ· ὅπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ποιεῖ, λέγων· Συνίστημι ὑμῖν Φοίβην τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἡμῶν, διάκονον οὖσαν τῆς Ἐκκλησίας τῆς ἐν Κεγχρεαῖς. Σύζυγε. Ἢ ἀδελφόν τινα αὐτῶν, ἢ καὶ ἄνδρα μιᾶς αὐτῶν οὕτω καλεῖ· ὡς ἂν εἰ ἔλεγε· Νῦν ἀδελφὸς εἶ γνήσιος, νῦν ἀνὴρ γνήσιος, ὅτι μέλος γέγονας. Αἵτινες ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ συνήθλησάν μοι. Οἴκοθεν ἡ προστασία σου, οὐκ ἀπὸ φιλίας, ἀλλ' ἀπὸ κατορθωμάτων. Συνήθλησάν μοι. Τί λέγεις; γυναῖκες συνήθλησαν; Ναὶ, φησίν. Οὐ μικρὸν καὶ αὗται συνεβάλοντο μέρος· καίτοι δὲ πολλῶν ὄντων τῶν συνεργούντων αὐτῷ, ὅμως ἐν