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coexisting not only but also cooperating, he himself showed through the argument there: "For I could wish," he says, "that I myself were accursed from Christ for the sake of my brethren"; and elsewhere, "the good pleasure of my heart and my prayer to God for Israel is for salvation"; certainly because of that great sorrow and unceasing anguish of soul for them. How then shall we consider apatheia to be the mortification of the passible part according to habit?

But as it seems, the philosopher has both heard of and imagined apatheia, but has not heard of analgesia, which is evil and is censured by the fathers. There is, then, a good pain, which is opposed to this analgesia, and common energies of soul and body that are beneficial, or rather, that perfect the soul, if indeed perfection comes to it through the keeping of the divine commandments. If there are such works of the body, how much more so of the passible part of the soul, which is immediately joined to the nous; for the body has its connection to the nous through this intermediary. The philosopher does something similar, as if someone having heard God command, "Be still and know that I am God," then, seeing those who are still in divine things working at divine and spiritual things, should find fault, saying "Be still, God said, but you, hastening to be active, are in error." "Mortify," for the apostle also says, "your members which are upon the earth: fornication, uncleanness, evil passion, and covetousness." Do you hear which of the bodily energies one must mortify? Fornication, uncleanness, and simply all earthly ones. But which passion? The evil one, but not the energies of the Spirit accomplished through the body, nor the divine and blessed passions, nor the powers of the soul naturally disposed toward these. "For," he says, "let all your desiring part (p. 396) be directed toward God, and let your anger be against the serpent alone." How then are these powers of the soul mortified, if one of them should be moved toward the divine elevation in prayers to God, or be roused against the serpent in his unseemly assaults?

And how will the philosopher be speaking safely? "What then? Shall we dishonor sense and imagination while praying, but accept that the passible part of the soul is active according to one of its own powers? Or much rather not this either? For its energies, most of all, blind and bury the divine eye." Amazing! How does hatred for evil things and love for God and neighbor bury the divine eye? For these too are energies of the passible part; for by this power of the soul we both love and are turned away, are made akin and are alienated, just as with the reasoning part of the soul, according to the wise Synesius, we both praise and find fault. Is it then a mortification of the reasoning part to be occupied with divine contemplations and to send up hymn and thanksgiving to God and to cleave to him through continuous remembrance? Or is this the true life and true energy of the nous? In the same way, therefore, the lovers of good things do not mortify the passible part by shutting it up idle and unmoved within themselves, for they would not have that by which they could love the good and hate the evil, nor that through which they might be alienated from the one and made akin to God. But they mortify this, transferring the entire relation of this power toward evil things to love for God, according to the first and great commandment: "For you shall love," it says, "the Lord your God with all your strength," which is the same as to say, "of your power"; what entire power? Clearly, that of the passible part; for this is the loving part of the soul. This, being so disposed, also raises the other powers of the soul (p. 398) from earthly things and stretches them up toward God; this, being so disposed, both provides sincerity to prayer and does not hinder the nous, but also cooperates through memory to have God established in oneself; this, being so disposed, both despises the flesh and bears its pains more easily

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συνυπάρχουσαν μόνον ἀλλά καί συνεργοῦσαν, ἔδειξεν ὁ αὐτός διά τῆς κατασκευῆς ἐκεῖ˙ «ηὐχόμην γάρ», φησίν, «αὐτός ἐγώ ἀνάθεμα εἶναι ἀπό Χριστοῦ ὑπέρ τῶν ἀδελφῶν μου»˙ καί ἀλλαχοῦ, «ἡ εὐδοκία τῆς καρδίας μου καί ἡ δέησις ἡ πρός τόν Θεόν ὑπέρ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ ἐστιν εἰς σωτηρίαν»˙ πάντως διά τήν ὑπέρ αὐτῶν μεγάλην ἐκείνην λύπην καί ἀδιάλειπτον ὀδύνην τῆς ψυχῆς. Πῶς οὖν ἀπάθειαν ἡγησόμεθα τήν τοῦ παθητικοῦ καθ᾿ ἕξιν νέκρωσιν;

Ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἔοικεν, ὁ φιλόσοφος περί μέν ἀπαθείας ἤκουσέ τε καί ἐφαντάσθη, τήν δέ ἀναλγησίαν οὐκ ἀκήκοε πρός κακοῦ τε οὖσαν καί πρός τῶν πατέρων κακιζομένην. Ἔστιν οὖν ἄλγος ἀγαθόν, τό τῇ ἀναλγησίᾳ ταύτῃ ἀντικείμενον, καί κοιναί ψυχῆς καί σώματος ἐνέργειαι λυσιτελοῦσαι, μᾶλλον δέ τελειοῦσαι τήν ψυχήν, εἴπερ διά τηρήσεως τῶν θείων ἐντολῶν ἡ τελείωσις αὐτῇ προσγίνεται. Εἰ δέ τοῦ σώματός ἐστι τοιαῦτα ἔργα, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τοῦ τῆς ψυχῆς παθητικοῦ, ὅ ἀμέσως συνάπτεται τῷ νῷ˙ τό γάρ σῶμα διά μέσου τούτου τήν πρός τόν νοῦν ἴσχει συναφήν. Ὁ δέ φιλόσοφος ὅμοιόν τι ποιεῖ, ὥσπερ ἄν εἴ τις ἀκούσας τοῦ Θεοῦ προστάττοντος «σχολάσατε καί γνῶτε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι Θεός», εἶτα τούς σχολάσαντας τοῖς θείοις τά θεῖα καί πνευματικά ἐργαζομένους θεώμενος, μέμφοιτο λέγων "σχολάσατε, εἶπεν ὁ Θεός, ὑμεῖς δέ, ἐνεργεῖν σπεύδοντες, πλανᾶσθε". «Νεκρώσατε» γάρ, φησί καί ὁ ἀπόστολος, «τά μέλη τά ἐπί τῆς γῆς, πορνείαν, ἀκαθαρσίαν πάθος κακόν καί τήν πλεονεξίαν». Ἀκούεις τίνας δεῖ τῶν σωματικῶν ἐνεργειῶν νεκροῦν; Πορνείαν, ἀκαθαρσίαν καί ἁπλῶς πάσας τάς γηΐνας. Ποῖον δέ πάθος; Τό κακόν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐχί τάς διά τοῦ σώματος τελουμένας ἐνεργείας τοῦ Πνεύματος, οὐδέ τά θεῖα καί μακάρια πάθη, οὐδέ τάς πρός ταῦτα πεφυκυίας δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς˙ «τό ἐπιθυμητικόν» γάρ, φησί, «τετάσθω σοι πᾶν (σελ. 396) πρός Θεόν, ὁ θυμός ἔστω σοι κατά μόνου τοῦ ὄφεως». Πῶς οὖν νενεκρωμέναι αἱ δυνάμεις αὗται τῆς ψυχῆς, εἰ κινηθείη τις τούτων πρός τήν θείαν ἀνάτασιν ἐν ταῖς πρός τόν Θεόν εὐχαῖς ἤ διεγερθείη κατά τοῦ ὄφεως ἐν ταῖς ἀτόποις προσβολαῖς;

Πῶς δέ ἀσφαλῶς ἔσται λέγων ὁ φιλόσοφος; «Τί δαί; Αἴσθησιν μέν καί φαντασίαν ἀτιμάσομεν προσευχόμενοι, τό δέ παθητικόν τῆς ψυχῆς ἐνεργεῖν κατά τινα τῶν ἑαυτοῦ δυνάμεων δεξόμεθα; Ἤ πολλῷ μᾶλλον οὐδέ τοῦτο; Αἱ γάρ τούτου ἐνέργειαι μάλιστα πάντων ἐκτυφλοῦσι καί κατορύττουσι τό θεῖον ὄμμα». Βαβαί˙ πῶς κατορύττει τό θεῖον ὄμμα τό πρός τά πονηρά μῖσος καί ἡ πρός Θεόν καί τόν πλησίον ἀγάπη; Καί ταῦτα γάρ τοῦ παθητικοῦ εἰσιν ἐνέργειαι˙ ταύτῃ γάρ τῇ δυνάμει τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγαπῶμέν τε καί ἀποτρεπόμεθα, οἰκειούμεθά τε καί ἀλλοτριούμεθα, καθάπερ καί τῷ λογιζομένῳ τῆς ψυχῆς, κατά τόν σοφόν Συνέσιον, ἀπαινοῦμεν τε καί μεμφόμεθα. Νέκρωσις ἄρ᾿ οὖν ἐστι τοῦ λογιστικοῦ θείοις θεωρήμασιν ἐνασχολεῖσθαι καί Θεῷ τόν ὕμνον καί τήν εὐχαριστίαν ἀναπέμπειν καί τούτῳ διά τῆς συνεχοῦς κολλᾶσθαι μνήμης; Ἤ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἡ ὄντως ζωή καί ἀληθής ἐνέργεια τοῦ νοῦ; Τόν αὐτόν ἄρα τρόπον οὐδέ τό παθητικόν νεκροῦσιν οἱ ἐρασταί τῶν καλῶν, κατακλείσαντες ἀργόν καί ἀκίνητον ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, οὐδέ γάρ ἄν σχοῖεν ὅτῳ ἄν ἐρῷεν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ καί μισοῖεν τόν πονηρόν, οὐδέ δι᾿ οὗ τοῦ μέν ἀλλοτριωθεῖεν, οἰκειωθεῖεν δέ τῷ Θεῷ. Τοῦτο δέ νεκροῦσι, τήν πρός τά πονηρά σχέσιν τῆς δυνάμεως ταύτης ὅλην μετατιθέντες ἐπί τήν πρός Θεόν ἀγάπην, κατά τήν πρώτην καί μεγάλην ἐντολήν˙ «ἀγαπήσεις» γάρ, φησί, «Κύριον τόν Θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος σου», ταὐτόν δ᾿ εἰπεῖν τήν δυνάμεώς σου˙ ποίας δυνάμεως ὅλης; ∆ῆλον ὅτι τοῦ παθητικοῦ˙ τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τό τῆς ψυχῆς φιλοῦν. Τοῦτο δή διατεθέν οὕτω καί τάς ἄλλας τῆς ψυχῆς (σελ. 398) δυνάμεις τῶν γηΐνων ἀπανίστησι καί ἀνατείνει πρός Θεόν˙ τοῦτο διατεθέν οὕτω καί τῇ προσευχῇ τό εἰλικρινές πορίζει καί τόν νοῦν οὐκ εἴργει, ἀλλά καί συμπράττει διά τῆς μνήμης ἐνιδρυμένον ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ τόν Θεόν˙ τοῦτο διατεθέν οὕτω καί σαρκός ὑπερφρονεῖν καί τά κατ᾿ αὐτήν ἄλγη ρᾷον φέρειν