John Chrysostom, On Matthew

For you are no longer punished as a mere man when you sin, but as a son of God, and the greatness of your honor becomes the provision for a greater punishment. For we too do not punish slaves who sin and sons who commit the same offense in the same way; and especially when they happen to have been greatly benefited by us. For if he who had received paradise endured such terrible things after the honor because of one disobedience; we who have received heaven and have become co-heirs with the Only-begotten, what pardon shall we have, running to the serpent after the dove? For we shall no longer hear those former words, “You are earth, and to earth you shall return,” and, “Work the ground,” but things much more grievous than these: the outer darkness, the unbreakable bonds, the venomous worm, the gnashing of teeth; and quite rightly. For he who has not become better even by so great a benefit would justly pay the ultimate and most severe penalty. Elijah once opened and shut heaven, but so as to bring down and hold back rain; but for you heaven is not opened in this way, but so that you may ascend there; and what is greater, not just so you may ascend, but so you may also lead others up, if you should wish; so much confidence and authority has He given you in all that is His. Since, therefore, our home is there, let us store everything there, and leave nothing here, so that we may not lose it. For here, even if you apply a lock, even if doors and bolts, even if you set ten thousand servants, and overcome all evildoers, even if you escape the eyes of the envious, even if the moths, even if the loss that comes from time—which is impossible—you will at any rate never escape death, but you will be stripped of all those things in the twinkling of an eye; and not only will you be stripped of them, but you will often hand them over into the hands of enemies. But if you send them to that home, you will be superior to all things. For it is not necessary to apply a lock, or doors and bolts; such is the power of that city; so inviolable is the place, and it stands inaccessible to all corruption and evil. 5. How then is it not the height of folly, to heap up everything where what is stored is lost and corrupted, but where it remains untouched and becomes more, there not even to store up the smallest part, and this when we are going to live all our time there? For this reason also the Greeks disbelieve the things said by us; for they are willing to receive the 57.208 proof from us from what we do, not from what we say; and whenever they see us building splendid houses, and preparing parks and baths, and buying fields, they are unwilling to believe that we are preparing for a departure to another city. For if this were so, they say, they would have sold everything here and stored it away there beforehand; and they infer this from what happens here. For we see the very wealthy possessing houses and fields and all other things especially in those cities in which they are going to spend their time. But we do the opposite; and the land, which we are going to leave a little later, we acquire with great eagerness, giving not only money, but even our very blood for a few acres and dwellings; but for the sake of buying heaven we do not endure to give even what is superfluous to our needs, and this when we are going to buy it for a small price, and to have it forever, if we would but buy it. For this very reason we will pay the ultimate penalty, departing there naked and poor; or rather, not for our own poverty, but also for making others such, we shall endure incurable calamities. For when the Greeks see those who have enjoyed so many mysteries being zealous about these things, they themselves will cling much more to present things. Whence from this also we heap much fire upon our own head. For when we who ought to teach them to despise all things that appear, ourselves most of all cast them into the desire for these things, when shall we be able to be saved, being held responsible for the destruction of others? Do you not hear Christ saying, that instead of salt

Οὐκέτι γὰρ ὡς ἄνθρωπος ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ' ὡς υἱὸς Θεοῦ ἁμαρτὼν κολάζῃ, καὶ γίνεταί σοι τὸ τῆς τιμῆς μέγεθος ἐφόδιον τιμωρίας μείζονος. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς οὐχ ὁμοίως δούλους ἁμαρτάνοντας, καὶ υἱοὺς τὸ αὐτὸ πλημμελοῦντας κολάζομεν· καὶ μάλιστα ὅταν μεγάλα παρ' ἡμῶν εὐεργετημένοι τύχωσιν. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ παράδεισον λαχὼν, διὰ μίαν παρακοὴν τοσαῦτα μετὰ τὴν τιμὴν ὑπέστη δεινά· οἱ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀπολαβόντες ἡμεῖς, καὶ τῷ Μονογενεῖ γενόμενοι συγκληρονόμοι, τίνα ἕξομεν συγγνώμην, τῷ ὄφει μετὰ τὴν περιστερὰν προστρέχοντες; Οὐκέτι γὰρ, Γῆ εἶ, καὶ εἰς γῆν ἀπελεύσῃ, καὶ, Ἐργᾷ τὴν γῆν, καὶ τὰ πρότερα ἀκουσόμεθα ἐκεῖνα, ἀλλὰ τὰ πολλῷ τούτων χαλεπώτερα, τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον, τὰ δεσμὰ τὰ ἄλυτα, τὸν σκώληκα τὸν ἰοβόλον, τὸν βρυγμὸν τῶν ὀδόντων· καὶ μάλα εἰκότως. Ὁ γὰρ μηδὲ εὐεργεσίᾳ τοσαύτῃ γενόμενος βελτίων, δικαίως ἂν τὴν ἐσχάτην καὶ χαλεπωτέραν δῴη δίκην. Ἤνοιξέ ποτε καὶ ἔκλεισε τὸν οὐρανὸν Ἠλίας, ἀλλ' ὥστε ὑετὸν κατενεγκεῖν καὶ ἀναστεῖλαι· σοὶ δὲ οὐχ οὕτως ἀνοίγεται ὁ οὐρανὸς, ἀλλ' ὥστε ἀναβῆναί σε ἐκεῖ· καὶ τὸ δὴ μεῖζον, οὐχ ὥστε ἀναβῆναι, ἀλλ' ὥστε καὶ ἑτέρους ἀναγαγεῖν, εἰ βουληθείης· τοσαύτην σοι παῤῥησίαν καὶ ἐξουσίαν ἐν τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἅπασιν. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐκεῖ ἡμῶν ἡ οἰκία, ἐκεῖ πάντα ἀποθώμεθα, καὶ μηδὲν ἐνταῦθα καταλίπωμεν, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὰ ἀπολέσωμεν. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ κἂν κλεῖν ἐπιθῇς, κἂν θύρας καὶ μοχλοὺς, κἂν μυρίους ἐπιστήσης οἰκέτας, καὶ πάντων περιγένῃ τῶν κακούργων, κἂν τοὺς τῶν βασκάνων διαφύγῃς ὀφθαλμοὺς, κἂν τοὺς σῆτας, κἂν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ χρόνου γινομένην ἀπώλειαν, ὅπερ ἀδύνατον, τὸν γοῦν θάνατον οὐ διαφεύξῃ ποτὲ, ἀλλ' ἀφαιρεθήσῃ ἅπαντα ἐκεῖνα ἐν μιᾷ καιροῦ ῥοπῇ· καὶ οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσῃ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς τὰς τῶν ἐχθρῶν πολλάκις παραπέμψεις χεῖρας. Ἂν δὲ εἰς ἐκείνην παραπέμψῃς τὴν οἰκίαν, πάντων ἀνώτερος ἔσῃ. Οὔτε γὰρ κλεῖν, οὔτε θύρας καὶ μοχλοὺς ἐπιθεῖναι δεῖ· τοιαύτη τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης ἡ δύναμις· οὕτως ἄσυλον τὸ χωρίον ἐστὶ, καὶ φθορᾷ καὶ πονηρίᾳ πάσῃ ἄβατον τοῦτο ὑφέστηκε. εʹ. Πῶς οὖν οὐκ ἐσχάτης ἀνοίας, ἔνθα μὲν ἀπόλλυται καὶ διαφθείρεται τὰ ἀποτιθέμενα, σωρεύειν ἅπαντα, ἔνθα δὲ ἀνέπαφα μένει, καὶ πλείω γίνεται, ἐνταῦθα μηδὲ τὸ πολλοστὸν ἀποτίθεσθαι μέρος, καὶ ταῦτα τὸν ἅπαντα μέλλοντας ἐκεῖ βιώσεσθαι χρόνον; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ Ἕλληνες ἀπιστοῦσι τοῖς παρ' ἡμῶν λεγομένοις· ἀφ' ὧν γὰρ πράττομεν, οὐκ ἀφ' ὧν λέγομεν, τὴν 57.208 παρ' ἡμῶν ἀπόδειξιν λαμβάνειν ἐθέλουσι· καὶ ἐπειδὰν ἴδωσιν οἰκίας οἰκοδομουμένους λαμπρὰς, καὶ παραδείσους κατασκευάζοντας καὶ λουτρὰ, καὶ ἀγροὺς ὠνουμένους, οὐκ ἐθέλουσι πιστεῦσαι, ὅτι πρὸς ἑτέραν παρασκευαζόμεθα πόλεως ἀποδημίαν. Εἰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἦν, φησὶν, ἅπαντα τὰ ἐνταῦθα ἂν ἐξαργυρίσαντες, ἐκεῖ προαπέθεντο· καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν ἐνταῦθα γινομένων στοχάζονται. Καὶ γὰρ ὁρῶμεν τοὺς σφόδρα εὐπόρους ἐν ἐκείναις μάλιστα ταῖς πόλεσιν οἰκίας καὶ ἀγροὺς καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα κεκτημένους, ἐν αἷς διατρίβειν μέλλουσιν. Ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς τοὐναντίον ποιοῦμεν· καὶ τὴν μὲν γῆν, ἢν μικρὸν ὕστερον ἀφιέναι μέλλομεν, μετὰ πολλῆς κτώμεθα τῆς σπουδῆς, οὐχὶ χρήματα μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ αἷμα αὐτὸ προϊέμενοι ὑπὲρ πλέθρων καὶ οἰκημάτων ὀλίγων· ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ τὸν οὐρανὸν πρίασθαι οὐδὲ τὰ περιττὰ τῆς χρείας ἀνεχόμεθα δοῦναι, καὶ ταῦτα ὀλίγης αὐτὸν μέλλοντες ὠνεῖσθαι τιμῆς, καὶ διαπαντὸς ἔχειν, εἴγε αὐτὸν ὠνησαίμεθα. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο τὴν ἐσχάτην δώσομεν δίκην, γυμνοὶ καὶ πένητες ἀπιόντες ἐκεῖ· μᾶλλον δὲ οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡμετέρας πτωχείας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ ὧν ἄλλους τοιούτους ποιοῦμεν, τὰς ἀνηκέστους ὑποστησόμεθα συμφοράς. Ὅταν γὰρ ἴδωσιν Ἕλληνες περὶ ταῦτα σπουδάζοντας τοὺς τοσούτων ἀπολαύσαντας μυστηρίων, πολλῷ μᾶλλον αὐτοὶ τῶν παρόντων ἀνθέξονται. Ὅθεν πολὺ καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν κεφαλὴν σωρεύομεν πῦρ. Ὅταν γὰρ οἱ διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς ὀφείλοντες ὑπερορᾷν τῶν φαινομένων ἁπάντων, αὐτοὶ μάλιστα πάντων αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν τούτων ἐμβάλλωμεν ἐπιθυμίαν, πότε δυνησόμεθα σωθῆναι, τῆς ἑτέρων ἀπωλείας τὰς εὐθύνας ὑπέχοντες; Οὐκ ἀκούεις τοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγοντος, ὅτι ἀντὶ ἁλῶν