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A third testimony is added to him, that “the highest state of prayer is for the mind to be outside of flesh and world and to be entirely immaterial and formless in praying, so that he will be outside of the passions in the body, which they speak of,” he says, “in such a state.” Therefore, no one clothed in a body ceaselessly attains such a state, as far as we know, unless perhaps this new teacher of excessive prayer, but even those who rarely attain it are most rare; therefore, all pray while being in the flesh the greater part of the time, while also being sensible of the passions within themselves, how much more so of the sacred ones that are engendered by prayer, which both perfect and elevate and make spiritual those in whom they might exist, but does not pull down and render useless and corrupt. For there is also such a kind of passion, not only sacred, but also natural, as the very senses we have will teach us, being perfected in suffering from external things and being for us, as it were, images of the deifying perfection that comes from above from the Spirit, of which the beginning is the fear of God, from which the passionate part of the soul, not having been mortified in its disposition, as the philosopher both opined and taught, but having proceeded to a God-loving activity, brings forth saving compunction and blessed mourning, the font of remission, the recalling of divine birth, that is, bearing the tears of repentance. This God-loving and purifying tear, therefore, which gives wings to prayer according to the words of the fathers, which illumines the noetic eyes, when it is joined to prayer, (p. 386) which preserves the grace from the divine font when it is present, according to Gregory the Theologian, and calls it back when it is departed, and for this reason being another font of sacred regeneration and a divine baptism and called so by him, more laborious indeed, but in no way inferior to the first, but rather even greater, just as one of the fathers clearly declared, saying “greater than baptism, after baptism, has the fount of tears been established”; such a tear, therefore, which purifies and snatches away from earthly things and bears up and joins to the grace of divine birth and through it deifies the one possessing it, is this, therefore, not a common activity of both the body and the passionate part of the soul?

How then shall we accept him who says that for the soul to love the common activities of its passionate part and of the body, this is what fills it with darkness and makes it incline downwards? For all the common works of both soul and body, the more intense the perception of themselves they provide to the soul, the more they blind it; so that even when such movements occur, as many as are common to soul and body, shall we consider that they have happened to us for ill, he says, and to the detriment of the mind’s activity toward what is above? Is he not shown by these words to be thinking and teaching the opposite of what has been taught to us by the saints, or rather by the Holy Spirit? For they say that there is a certain common activity of body and soul, a truly good and divine gift of God, which is a cause of divine illumination for the soul, delivering it from wicked passions and introducing in their stead the entire sacred choir of the virtues (for he who wishes, he says, to be rid of vices, gets rid of them with weeping, and he who wishes to acquire virtues, acquires them with weeping), so they say that there are common activities of soul and body that are (p. 388) so beneficial to the soul, but he says that there are none. “For all,” he says, “make the soul incline downwards, and all the movements that occur, as many as are common to soul and body, happen for ill and to the detriment of the soul.” For this will not excuse him from the charge, that he did not say this activity in particular was harmful, but that to the

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Τρίτη προστίθεται αὐτῷ μαρτυρίᾳ, ὡς «ἡ τῆς προσευχῆς ἀκροτάτη κατάστασις, τό ἔξω σαρκός καί κόσμου γενέσθαι τόν νοῦν καί ἄϋλον εἶναι πάντῃ καί ἀνείδεον ἐν τῷ προσεύχεσθαι, ὥστε τῶν ἐν σώματι παθημάτων ὧν φασιν ἔξω ἔσται, φησίν, ἐν τῇ τοιαύτῃ καταστάσει». Τῆς οὖν τοιαύτης καταστάσεως ἀδιαλείπτως ἐπιτυγχάνει τῶν σῶμα περικειμένων οὐδείς, ὅσα γε ἡμᾶς εἰδέναι, εἰ μή ἄρα ὁ καινός οὗτος τῆς ὑπερλίαν προσευχῆς διδάσκαλος, ἀλλά καί οἱ σπανίως αὐτῆς ἐπιτυγχάνοντες σπανιώτατοί εἰσιν˙ οὐκοῦν τόν πλείω χρόνον ἐν σαρκί ὄντες ἅπαντες προσεύχονται, ἅμα καί τῶν ἐν αὑτοῖς παθημάτων αἰσθανόμενοι, πόσῳ μᾶλλον τῶν ἱερῶν καί ὑπό τῆς προσευχῆς ἐγγινομένων, ἅ καί τελειοῖ καί ἀνάγει καί πνευματικά οἷς ἄν ἐνυπάρξειεν ἀποτελεῖ, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ κατασπᾷ καί ἀχρειοῖ καί φθείρει. Ἔστι γάρ καί τοιοῦτο γένος παθημάτων, οὐχ ἱερόν μόνον, ἀλλά καί φυσικόν, ὡς καί αὐταί αἱ αἰσθήσεις, ἅς ἔχομεν, ἡμᾶς διδάξουσιν, ἐν τῷ πάσχειν ὑπό τῶν ἔξω τελειούμεναι καί εἰκόνες ἡμῖν οἷον οὖσαι τῆς ἄνωθεν ὑπό τοῦ Πνεύματος ἐγγινομένης θεουργοῦ τελειώσεως, ἧς ἀρχή ἐστιν ὁ φόβος τοῦ Θεοῦ, παρ᾿ οὗ τό παθητικόν τῆς ψυχῆς οὐ καθ᾿ ἕξιν νεκρωθέν, ὡς ὁ φιλόσοφος καί ἐδόξασε καί ἐδίδαξεν, ἀλλ᾿ εἰς θεοφιλῆ προελθόν ἐνέργειαν τήν σωτήριον κατάνυξιν καί τό μακάριον ἀποτίκτει πένθος, τόν λουτῆρα τῆς ἀφέσεως, τήν ἐπανάκλησιν τῆς θεογενεσίας, δηλαδή τά τῆς μετανοίας δάκρυα, φέροντα. Τό τοίνυν θεοφιλές τοῦτο καί καθάρσιον δάκρυον, τό τήν προσευχήν πτεροῦν κατά τούς τῶν πατέρων λόγους, τό τούς νοερούς ὀφθαλμούς φωτίζον, ὅταν συνημμένον ᾖ τῇ προσευχῇ, (σελ. 386) τό παροῦσαν μέν τήν ἐκ θείου λουτροῦ χάριν συντηροῦν, κατά τόν θεολόγον Γρηγόριον, ἀπογενομένην δέ ἀνακαλούμενον καί διά τοῦτο λουτρόν ἕτερον παλιγγενεσίας ἱερᾶς καί βάπτισμα θεῖον ὄν καί παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ καλούμενον, ἐπιπονώτερον μέν, ἀλλά κατ᾿ οὐδέν ἧττον τοῦ προτέρου, μᾶλλον δέ καί μεῖζον, καθάπερ τις τῶν πατέρων ἀπεφήνατο σαφῶς, «μεῖζον» λέγων «τοῦ βαπτίσματος μετά τό βάπτισμα ἡ τῶν δακρύων καθέστηκε πηγή»˙ τό τοιοῦτο τοίνυν δάκρυον, τό καθαῖρον καί ἀφαρπάζον τῶν γηΐνων καί ἀναφέρον καί συνάπτον τῇ τῆς θεογενεσίας χάριτι καί δι᾿ αὐτῆς τόν ἔχοντα θεοῦν, τοῦτο τοίνυν ἆρ᾿ οὐκ ἐνέργεια κοινή τοῦ τε σώματος καί τοῦ παθητικοῦ μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς;

Πῶς οὖν δεξόμεθα τόν λέγοντα ὅτι τό τήν ψυχήν ἀγαπᾶν τάς κοινάς ἐνεργείας τοῦ παθητικοῦ αὐτῆς καί τοῦ σώματος, τοῦτό ἐστι τό σκότους ἐμπιπλῶν αὐτήν καί κάτω νεύειν παρασκευάζον; Τά γάρ κοινά πάντα ψυχῆς τε καί σώματος ἔργα, ὅσο ἄν σφοδροτέραν τήν ἑαυτῶν ἀντίληψιν παρέχηται τῇ ψυχῇ, τοσοῦτον αὐτήν ἐκτυφλοῖ˙ ὥστε καί γενομένας τάς τοιαύτας κινήσεις, ὅσαι κοιναί εἰσι ψυχῆς καί σώματος, πρός κακοῦ, φησί, γεγενῆσθαι ἡμῖν νομιοῦμεν καί ἐπί βλάβῃ τῆς πρός τό ἄναντες τοῦ νοῦ ἐνεργείας; Ἆρ᾿ οὐ τἀναντία τοῖς ὑπό τῶν ἁγίων, μᾶλλον δέ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος, ἡμῖν δεδιδαγμένοις καί φρονῶν καί διδάσκων διά τούτων δείκνυται τῶν λόγων; Οἱ μέν γάρ φασιν ὡς ἔστι τις κοινή σώματος καί ψυχῆς ἐνέργεια, δωρεά Θεοῦ ὄντως ἀγαθοπρεπής καί θεία, ἤ πρόξενός ἐστι τῇ ψυχῇ τοῦ θείου φωτισμοῦ, ἀπαλλάττουσα τῶν πονηρῶν παθῶν καί ἀντεισάγουσα τόν ἱερόν ἅπαντα τῶν ἀρετῶν χορόν (ὁ γάρ βουλόμενος, φησίν, ἀποκτήσασθαι κακίας κλαυθμῷ ἀποκτᾶται αὐτάς καί ὁ βουλόμενος κτήσασθαι ἀρετάς κλαυθμῷ κτᾶται αὐτάς), οἱ μέν οὖν φασιν ὡς εἰσίν ἐνέργειαι κοιναί ψυχῆς καί σώματος ἐπί (σελ. 388) τοσοῦτο λυσιτελοῦσαι τῇ ψυχῇ, ὁ δέ φησιν, ὡς οὐδεμία ἐστίν. «Πᾶσαι» γάρ, φησί, «κάτω νεύειν τήν ψυχήν παρασκευάζουσι, καί πᾶσαι αἱ γινόμεναι κινήσεις, ὅσαι κοιναί εἰσι ψυχῆς καί σώματος πρός κακοῦ γίνονται καί ἐπί βλάβῃ τῆς ψυχῆς». Οὐ γάρ τοῦτο τῆς αἰτίας τοῦτον ἐξαιρήσεται, ὅτι μή ταύτην ἰδίως ἐπιβλαβῆ τήν ἐνέργειαν εἶπεν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι ταῖς