John Chrysostom, On John

the wealth which he found, not having it, nor being able to display the treasure through words, he brings his brother to what was found. So also this one did not say how he himself is that Christ, and how the prophets proclaimed him beforehand; but he draws him to Jesus, knowing that he would not thereafter fall away, if he should taste of his words and his teaching. And Nathanael said to him: Can any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip says to him: Come and see. Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and says of him: Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile. Because he said, Can any good thing come out of Nazareth, He praises and marvels at the man. And yet he ought to have been accused. By no means. For his words were not those of an unbeliever, nor worthy of blame, but of praise. How and in what way? Because this man was more versed in the prophetic writings than Philip. For he had heard from the Scriptures, that the Christ must come from Bethlehem, and from the village where David was. This at any rate was prevalent among the Jews, and the prophet proclaimed from of old, saying: And you, Bethlehem, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you shall come a ruler, who will shepherd my people Israel. When therefore he heard that he was from Nazareth, he was troubled and perplexed, not finding Philip's announcement to agree with the prophetic prediction. But behold his understanding and reasonableness even in his perplexity. For he did not say immediately: You deceive me, O Philip, and you lie; I do not believe, I am not coming; I have learned from the prophets that the Christ must come from Bethlehem; but you say, from Nazareth; therefore this is not he. But he said none of these things; but what? This man also comes, by not accepting that he was from Nazareth, showing his accuracy concerning the Scriptures, and the undeceived character of his ways; but by not rejecting the one who announced it, showing the great longing which he had for the coming of the Christ. For he considered that it was likely Philip had been mistaken about the place. 2. But see also his objection, how reasonable it is made, and in the form of a question. For he did not say, Galilee bears no good thing; but how? Can any good thing be from Nazareth? And Philip was also very prudent. For he is not indignant or annoyed at being questioned, but he persists, wishing to bring the man, and from the outset showing us the vigor fitting for an apostle. For these reasons Christ also says: Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom there is no guile. So there can also be a false Israelite. But this man is not such a one; for his judgment, he 59.126 says, is unbribed; he utters nothing for favor, nor for enmity. And yet the Jews, when asked where the Christ is born, said that it was in Bethlehem, and they brought forward the testimony, saying: And you, Bethlehem, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah. But they testified to these things before they saw him; but when they did see him, out of envy they concealed the testimony, saying: But this man, we do not know where he is from. But Nathanael was not so, but the opinion he had about him from the beginning, this he continued to maintain, that he is not from Nazareth. How then do the prophets call him a Nazarene? From his upbringing and his life there. Therefore, He passes over saying, I am not from Nazareth, as Philip reported to you, but from Bethlehem, so as not to make the matter immediately debatable; and besides these things, that even if He had persuaded him, this would not have given sufficient proof that He was the Christ. For what would have prevented someone who was not the Christ from being from Bethlehem, like the others who were born there? This, then, He passes over; but what is most able to win him over, this He does; for He shows Himself to have been present when they were conversing. When he therefore said, From where do you know me? He says: Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you. See a man steadfast and firm. For when Christ said: Behold an Israelite indeed, he was not made vain by the praises, he did not rush to the encomiums, but persists in seeking and investigating more accurately, and wants

τὸν πλοῦτον ὃν εὗρεν οὐκ ἔχων, οὐδὲ διὰ ῥημάτων ἐπιδείξασθαι δυνάμενος τὸν θησαυρὸν, ἄγει πρὸς τὸν εὑρεθέντα τὸν ἀδελφόν. Οὕτω δὴ καὶ οὗτος, πῶς μὲν αὐτός ἐστιν ἐκεῖνος ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ πῶς αὐτὸν οἱ προφῆται προανεκήρυξαν, οὐκ εἶπεν· ἕλκει δὲ αὐτὸν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, οὐκ ἀποστησόμενον λοιπὸν εἰδὼς, ἂν τῶν ῥημάτων γεύσηται καὶ τῆς διδασκαλίας ἐκείνου. Καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ναθαναήλ· Ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι; Λέγει αὐτῷ Φίλιππος· Ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε. Εἶδεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Ναθαναὴλ ἐρχόμενον πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ λέγει περὶ αὐτοῦ· Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν. Ἐπειδὴ εἶπεν, Ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι, ἐπαινεῖ καὶ θαυμάζει τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Καὶ μὴν ἐγκληθῆναι αὐτὸν ἐχρῆν. Οὐδαμῶς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπιστοῦντος ἦν τὰ ῥήματα, οὐδὲ ἐγκλημάτων ἄξια, ἀλλ' ἐπαίνων. Πῶς καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ; Ὅτι Φιλίππου μᾶλλον οὗτος ἐσκεμμένος ἦν τὰ προφητικά. Καὶ γὰρ ἦν ἀκούσας ἀπὸ τῶν Γραφῶν, ὅτι ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ δεῖ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐλθεῖν, καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς κώμης ἐν ᾗ ἦν ∆αυΐδ. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ παρὰ Ἰουδαίοις ἐκράτει, καὶ ὁ προφήτης ἄνωθεν ἐκήρυττε λέγων· Καὶ σὺ, Βηθλεὲμ, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα· ἐκ σοῦ γὰρ ἐξελεύσεται ἡγούμενος, ὅστις ποιμανεῖ τὸν λαόν μου τὸν Ἰσραήλ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤκουσεν, ὅτι ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ, ἐθορυβήθη καὶ διηπόρησεν, οὐχ εὑρίσκων συμβαίνουσαν τοῦ Φιλίππου τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τῇ προφητικῇ προῤῥήσει. Θέα δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῇ διαπορήσει τὴν σύνεσιν καὶ ἐπιείκειαν. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν εὐθέως· Ἀπατᾷς με, ὦ Φίλιππε, καὶ ψεύδῃ· οὐ πείθομαι, οὐ παραγίνομαι· ἔμαθον ἀπὸ τῶν προφητῶν, ὅτι ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐλθεῖν δεῖ· σὺ δὲ λέγεις, ἀπὸ Ναζαρέτ· οὐ τοίνυν οὗτος ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν. Ἀλλ' οὐδὲν τούτων εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ τί; Παραγίνεται καὶ οὗτος, τῷ μὲν μὴ καταδέξασθαι ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ αὐτὸν εἶναι, τὴν ἀκρίβειαν τὴν περὶ τὰς Γραφὰς δηλῶν, καὶ τὸ τῶν τρόπων ἀνεξαπάτητον· τῷ δὲ μὴ διαπτύσαι τὸν ἀπαγγείλαντα, τὸν πολὺν πόθον, ὃν εἶχε περὶ τὴν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίαν, ἐμφαίνων. Ἐνενόησε γὰρ, ὅτι εἰκὸς ἦν Φίλιππον περὶ τὸν τόπον ἐσφάλθαι. βʹ. Θέα δέ μοι καὶ τὴν παραίτησιν, πῶς ἐπιεικῆ πεποίηται, καὶ ἐν ἐρωτήσεως τάξει. Οὐδὲ γὰρ εἶπεν, Οὐδὲν ἀγαθὸν ἡ Γαλιλαία φέρει· ἀλλὰ πῶς; Ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ δύναταί τι ἀγαθὸν εἶναι; Σφόδρα δὲ ἦν καὶ ὁ Φίλιππος συνετός. Οὐ γὰρ ὡς ἀπορηθεὶς ἀγανακτεῖ καὶ δυσχεραίνει, ἀλλ' ἐπιμένει τὸν ἄνδρα βουλόμενος ἀγαγεῖν, καὶ ἐκ προοιμίων τὴν ἀποστόλῳ προσήκουσαν εὐτονίαν ἡμῖν ἐνδεικνύμενος. ∆ιὰ ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Χριστός φησιν· Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν. Ὥστε ἔνι καὶ ψευδὴς Ἰσραηλίτης. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οὗτος τοιοῦτος· ἀδέκαστος γὰρ αὐτοῦ, φη 59.126 σὶν, ἡ κρίσις· οὐδὲν πρὸς χάριν, οὐδὲ πρὸς ἀπέχθειαν φθέγγεται. Καίτοι Ἰουδαῖοι ἐπερωτηθέντες, ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται, εἶπον ὅτι ἐν Βηθλεὲμ, καὶ τὴν μαρτυρίαν παρήγαγον λέγοντες· Καὶ σὺ, Βηθλεὲμ, οὐδαμῶς ἐλαχίστη εἶ ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν Ἰούδα. Ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνοι μὲν πρὶν ἰδεῖν ἐμαρτύρουν ταῦτα· ἐπειδὴ δὲ εἶδον, ὑπὸ τῆς βασκανίας τὴν μαρτυρίαν ἀπέκρυψαν λέγοντες· Τοῦτον δὲ οὐκ οἴδαμεν πόθεν ἐστίν. Ὁ δὲ Ναθαναὴλ οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ἣν ἐξ ἀρχῆς περὶ αὐτοῦ γνώμην εἶχε, ταύτην ἔμεινε διατηρῶν, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ Ναζαρέτ. Πῶς οὖν αὐτὸν Ναζωραῖον οἱ προφῆται καλοῦσιν; Ἀπὸ τῆς ἀνατροφῆς καὶ τῆς ἐκεῖ διαγωγῆς. Τὸ μὲν οὖν εἰπεῖν, Οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ Ναζαρὲτ, καθὼς ἀπήγγειλέ σοι Φίλιππος, ἀλλ' ἐκ Βηθλεὲμ, παρίησιν, ὥστε μὴ εὐθέως ἀμφισβητήσιμον ποιῆσαι τὸν λόγον· χωρὶς δὲ τούτων, ὅτι, εἰ καὶ ἔπεισε, τοῦτο οὐκ ἂν ἱκανὸν τεκμήριον ἔδωκε τοῦ αὐτὸν εἶναι τὸν Χριστόν. Τί γὰρ ἐκώλυε καὶ μὴ ὄντα Χριστὸν ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ εἶναι κατὰ τοὺς ἄλλους τοὺς ἐκεῖ γεννηθέντας; Τοῦτο μὲν οὖν παρίησιν· ὃ δὲ μάλιστα αὐτὸν δύναται ἐπαγαγέσθαι, τοῦτο ποιεῖ· δείκνυσι γὰρ ἑαυτὸν παρόντα διαλεγομένοις αὐτοῖς. Εἰπόντος οὖν ἐκείνου, Πόθεν με γινώσκεις; λέγει· Πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι, ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν εἶδόν σε. Ὅρα ἄνθρωπον εὐσταθῆ καὶ βεβηκότα. Εἰπόντος γὰρ τοῦ Χριστοῦ· Ἴδε ἀληθῶς Ἰσραηλίτης, οὐκ ἐχαυνώθη τοῖς ἐπαίνοις, οὐκ ἐπέδραμε τοῖς ἐγκωμίοις, ἀλλ' ἐπιμένει ζητῶν καὶ ἀκριβέστερον διερευνώμενος, καὶ βούλεταί