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had they received the proof in his words of truth? For that they believed him when he spoke, you must of necessity confess as you reason. 3.7.15 For when he commanded, no one disobeyed, but obeying his command, according to his instructions, they made disciples of every race of men, being sent out from their own land to all the nations, and in a short time his words were seen as deeds. So the gospel was preached in a short time throughout the whole world as a testimony to the nations, and barbarians and Greeks translated the scriptures concerning Jesus into their ancestral characters and ancestral tongue. 3.7.16 And yet who would not reasonably be at a loss, as to what then was the manner of the teaching of the disciples of Jesus? For did they go into the middle of a city, and then stand in the marketplace and using a loud cry call together the passers-by and then deliver public speeches? And what, then, was the content of their public speech, by which the hearers were likely to have been persuaded? And how did men inexperienced in speaking and without any education deliver public speeches? 3.7.17 But indeed they did not speak to a crowd, but conversed in part with whomever they met. What kind of arguments, then, and of what sort, did they use for the persuasion of their listeners, since their struggle was not small, not denying the shameful death of the one they proclaimed? 3.7.18 For if, concealing this and not confessing to all what things and how many things he suffered at the hands of the Jews, they had brought forward only the solemn and glorious things—I mean his miracles and his wonders and his philosophical teachings—not even so would their argument have been easy for making their hearers readily agree, hearing a strange account and just for the first time listening to new words from men who offered nothing trustworthy as testimony for their statements; still, what was said would have seemed more plausible. 3.7.19 But as it is, when they said at one time that the God they preached had come in a human body and was in nature nothing other than the Word of God, for which reason he had also performed such wondrous works as a God, and at another time, contrary to this, that he had endured insults and dishonors and finally the most shameful punishment by the cross, reserved for the worst criminals of all mankind, who would not have reasonably despised them as speaking contradictions? 3.7.20 Who was so foolish as to easily believe them when they said they had seen risen from the dead after death one who was not even able to defend himself when he was among the living? And who would ever have been persuaded by those uneducated and humble men when they said it was necessary to despise one's ancestral gods, and to condemn as foolishness all the things from of old, and to obey only them and the commands of the crucified one? For this one was the only beloved and only-begotten Son of the one and only God over all. 3.7.21 Therefore, as I examine the argument with myself in a truth-loving way, I find no persuasive power in it, nor anything solemn or trustworthy, nor even plausible enough to be able to persuade even one of the foolish... 3.7.22 But again, when I look at the power of the word, how it has persuaded myriad multitudes, and how churches of ten thousand men were established by those very same most humble and rustic disciples of Jesus, not in some obscure and unknown places, but founded in the most distinguished cities—I mean in Rome the imperial city itself, and in Alexandria and Antioch, and throughout all of Egypt and Libya, and Europe and Asia, and in villages and countries and all kinds of nations—again I am forced by necessity to go back to the search for the cause, and to confess that they could not have succeeded in their bold undertaking otherwise than by a power more divine and more than human, and by the cooperation of him who said to them: 'Make disciples of all nations in my name.' 3.7.23 Having said this, then, he added a promise, through which they were to be encouraged and to give themselves eagerly to his commands. For he says to them: 'and behold, I am with you all the days, until the end of the

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ἐν τοῖς λόγοις ἀληθείας αὐτοῦ τὴν πεῖραν εἰλήφεσαν; ὅτι γὰρ ἐπίστευσαν λέγοντι, συλλογιζομένῳ σοι ὁμολογεῖν ἀνάγκη. 3.7.15 προστάξαντι γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἠπείθει, ἀλλὰ πειθαρχήσαντες αὐτοῦ τῷ νεύματι κατὰ τὰ παρηγγελμένα πᾶν γένος ἀνθρώπων ἐμαθήτευον, ἐκ τῆς οἰκείας γῆς ἐπὶ πάντα στειλάμενοι τὰ ἔθνη, ἐν ὀλίγῳ τε ἦν ἔργα θεωρῆσαι τοὺς λόγους. κεκήρυκτο γοῦν τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἐν βραχεῖ χρόνῳ ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ εἰς μαρτύριον τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες τὰς περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ γραφὰς πατρίοις χαρακτῆρσιν καὶ πατρίῳ φωνῇ μετελάμβανον. 3.7.16 Καίτοι τίς οὐκ ἂν ἀπορήσειεν εὐλόγως, τίς ἦν ἄρα ὁ τῆς τῶν μαθητῶν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διδασκαλίας τρόπος; ἆρα γὰρ εἰς μέσην παρελθόντες πόλιν, ἔπειτα ἐν ἀγορᾷ στάντες καὶ βοῇ μείζονι χρησάμενοι συνεκάλουν τοὺς παριόντας κἄπειτα ἐδημηγόρουν; καὶ τίς ἦν ἄρα αὐτοῖς τῆς δημηγορίας ὁ λόγος, ᾧ πεπεῖσθαι εἰκὸς ἦν τοὺς ἀκροωμένους; πῶς δὲ καὶ ἐδημηγόρουν ἄνδρες λόγων ἄπειροι καὶ πάσης ἀμέτοχοι παιδείας; 3.7.17 ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐ κατὰ πλῆθος, κατὰ μέρος δὲ τοῖς προστυχοῦσι διελέγοντο. τίσιν οὖν καὶ ὁποίοις ἐχρῶντο λόγοις ἐπὶ πειθὼ τῶν ἀκουόντων, ἐπεὶ μηδὲ μικρὸς ἦν αὐτοῖς ὁ ἀγών, μὴ ἀρνουμένοις τὸν ἐπονείδιστον θάνατον τοῦ καταγγελλομένου; 3.7.18 εἰ μὲν γάρ, τοῦτον ἐπικρυψάμενοι καὶ μὴ ὁμολογοῦντες εἰς πάντας, οἷα καὶ ὁπόσα πέπονθεν ὑπὸ Ἰουδαίων, τὰ σεμνὰ μόνα καὶ ἔνδοξα προσεκόμιζον λέγω δὲ τὰς θαυματουργίας καὶ τὰς παραδοξοποιίας αὐτοῦ τάς τε φιλοσόφους διδασκαλίας αὐτοῦ, οὐδ' οὕτως ἦν αὐτοῖς εὐχερὴς ὁ λόγος πρὸς τὸ ποιῆσαι ῥᾳδίως συγκαταθέσθαι τοὺς ἀκούοντας ξενοφωνουμένους καὶ ἄρτι πρῶτον ἐπακούοντας καινῶν ῥημάτων ὑπ' ἀνδρῶν οὐδὲν ἐπαγομένων ἀξιόπιστον εἰς τὴν τῶν λεγομένων μαρτυρίαν· πλὴν ἀλλ' ἔδοξεν ἂν πιθανώτερον λέγεσθαι τὰ εἰρημένα. 3.7.19 νῦν δὲ τοτὲ μὲν τὸν πρεσβευόμενον θεὸν ἐν ἀνθρώπου γεγονέναι σώματι καὶ οὐδὲν ἄλλο τὴν φύσιν εἶναι ἢ θεοῦ λόγον διὸ καὶ τοιαύτας τεραστίας δυνάμεις πεποιηκέναι οἷα θεόν, τοτὲ δὲ τούτοις ἐναντίως ὕβρεις αὐτὸν καὶ ἀτιμίας ὑπομεῖναι καὶ τέλος τὴν αἰσχίστην καὶ τοῖς πάντων ἀνθρώπων κακουργοτάτοις ἐπηρτημένην διὰ σταυροῦ τιμωρίαν, τίς οὐκ ἂν ὡς ἐναντία λεγόντων κατέπτυσεν εἰκότως; 3.7.20 τίς δ' οὕτως ἠλίθιος ὑπῆρχεν, ὡς εὐχερῶς πιστεῦσαι λέγουσιν ἑωρακέναι μετὰ τὸν θάνατον ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναβεβιωκότα τὸν μηδὲ ὅτε ἐν ζῶσιν ἦν ἐπαμῦναι ἑαυτῷ δεδυνημένον; τίς δὲ τοῖς ἰδιώταις καὶ εὐτελέσιν ἐκείνοις ἐπείσθη ποτ' ἂν λέγουσιν χρῆναι δεῖν τῶν μὲν πατρῴων θεῶν καταφρονῆσαι, καὶ μωρίαν μὲν τῶν ἐξ αἰῶνος καταγνῶναι πάντων, μόνοις δὲ αὐτοῖς πείθεσθαι καὶ τοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ σταυ ρωθέντος παρηγγελμένοις; τοῦτον γὰρ εἶναι τοῦ μόνου καὶ ἐπὶ πάντων θεοῦ μόνον ἀγαπητὸν καὶ μονογενῆ παῖδα. 3.7.21 ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν ἐξετάζων παρ' ἐμαυτῷ φιλαλήθως τὸν λόγον, οὐδεμίαν πειστικὴν δύναμιν ἐν αὐτῷ, οὐδέ τι σεμνὸν οὐδ' ἀξιόπιστον, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ πιθανὸν εἰς τὸ κἂν ἕνα τινὰ τῶν ἠλιθίων πεῖσαι δύνασθαι ... 3.7.22 Ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀφορῶν εἰς τὴν τοῦ λόγου δύναμιν ὡς μυρία πλήθη πέπεικεν, καὶ ὡς συνέστησαν μυρίανδροι ἐκκλησίαι πρὸς αὐτῶν ἐκείνων τῶν εὐτελεστάτων καὶ ἀγροίκων τοῦ Ἰησοῦ μαθητῶν, οὐκ ἐν ἀδήλοις που καὶ ἀφανέσι τόποις, ἀλλ' ἐν ταῖς μάλιστα διαπρεπεστάταις πόλεσιν ἱδρυθεῖσαι, ἐπ' αὐτῆς λέγω τῆς Ῥωμαίων βασιλευούσης, ἐπί τε τῆς Ἀλεξανδρέων καὶ Ἀντιοχέων, καθ' ὅλης τε τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ Λιβύης, Εὐρώπης τε καὶ Ἀσίας, ἔν τε κώμαις τε καὶ χώραις καὶ παντοίοις ἔθνεσιν, πάλιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἀνατρέχειν ἐκβιάζομαι ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ αἰτίου ζήτησιν, καὶ συνομολογεῖν μὴ ἄλλως αὐτοὺς κεκρατηκέναι τοῦ τολμήματος ἢ θειοτέρᾳ καὶ ὑπὲρ ἄνθρωπον δυνάμει καὶ συνεργίᾳ τοῦ φήσαντος αὐτοῖς· «μαθητεύσατε πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου». 3.7.23 τοῦτο δ' οὖν εἰπὼν ἐπισυνῆψεν ἐπαγγελίαν, δι' ἧς ἔμελλον ἐπιθαρρεῖν καὶ προθύμως ἐπιδιδόναι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς τοῖς παρηγγελμένοις. φησὶν γοῦν αὐτοῖς· «καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰμι πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ