John Chrysostom, On John

He who provides all things defines it. Only show that you love Him when He has come, that you are zealous for everything concerning this, that you rejoice in His presence. See for yourself how He is disposed toward you. He came for your sake, He laid down His life for you; and after all these things He does not refuse even to beseech you. For we are ambassadors for Christ, he says, as though God were entreating through us. And who is so mad, he says, as not to love his own master? This I also say, and I know that each of us would not deny this in words and in thought. But the one who is loved wishes this to be shown not from words only, but also from deeds. For if we say this, but do not do the things of those who long for Him, this is a mockery, not only in God's sight, but also in that of men. Since, therefore, to confess with words only, but to oppose with deeds, is not only unprofitable, but also harmful to us, I beseech you, let us add the confession through deeds, that we may also obtain the confession from Him on that day, when He confesses before the Father those who are worthy in Christ Jesus our Lord, through whom and with whom to the Father be the glory, together with the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen. 59.127 HOMILY 21. Nathanael answered and saith unto him, “Rabbi, thou art the Son of God, thou art the king of Israel.” Jesus answered and said unto him, “Because I said unto thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? Thou shalt see greater things than these.” 1. We need much care, beloved, much watchfulness, so as to be able to contemplate the depth of the divine Scriptures. For it is not possible to find their meaning simply, or while sleeping, but there is need of precise investigation, and there is need also of earnest prayer, that we might be able to see a little into the inner sanctuary of the divine oracles. For behold, today also no small question is set before us, but one needing much diligence and investigation. For when Nathanael said, Thou art the Son of God, Christ says: Because I said to thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? Thou shalt see greater things than these. What then is the question in what has been said? That Peter, after so many miracles and such teaching, having confessed, that Thou art the Son of God, is called blessed, as having received the revelation from the Father; but Nathanael, having said this very same thing even before the signs and before the teaching, heard nothing of the sort, but even as though he had said nothing as great as he ought to have said, is led on to greater things. What then is the reason? That both Peter and Nathanael uttered the same words, but each not with the same thought, but 59.128 Peter confessed the Son of God as true God, but the other as a mere man. And from where is this clear to us? From what was said afterwards. For having said, Thou art the Son of God, he added: Thou art the King of Israel. But the Son of God is not king of Israel only, but of the whole world. But this is clear not only from this, but also from what follows. For to Peter Christ added nothing afterwards, but as if his faith were perfected, He said He would build the Church upon his confession. But here He did nothing of the sort, but even the contrary. For as though much, and the better part, were lacking to the confession, He added the rest. For what does He say? Verily, verily, I say unto you; hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man. Do you see how He leads him up from the earth little by little, and causes him no longer to imagine a mere man? For one whom angels serve, and upon whom angels ascend and descend, how could this one be a man? For this reason He said, Thou shalt see greater things than these; and showing this, He introduced the ministry of angels. And what He says, is this: A great thing, He says, O Nathanael, did this seem to you to be, and for this reason you confessed Me king of Israel; what then will you say, when you see the angels ascending and descending upon Me? by these things persuading him that He is also Lord of the angels

παρέχοντος τὸ πᾶν ὁρίζεται. Μόνον δεῖξον ὅτι φιλεῖς παραγενόμενον αὐτὸν, ὅτι σπουδάζεις ἅπαντα ὑπὲρ τούτου, ὅτι χαίρεις ἐπὶ τῇ παρουσίᾳ. Ὅρα αὐτὸς πῶς πρὸς σὲ διάκειται. Ἦλθε διὰ σὲ, τὴν ψυχὴν ἔθηκεν ὑπὲρ σοῦ· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα πάντα οὐδὲ ἱκετεύειν σε παραιτεῖται. Ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ γὰρ πρεσβεύομεν, φησὶν, ὡς τοῦ Θεοῦ παρακαλοῦντος δι' ἡμῶν. Καὶ τίς οὕτω μαινόμενος, φησὶν, ὡς μὴ φιλεῖν τὸν δεσπότην τὸν ἑαυτοῦ; Τοῦτο καὶ ἐγὼ λέγω, καὶ οἶδα μὲν ὅτι ἕκαστος ἡμῶν οὐκ ἂν ἀρνηθείη τοῦτο τοῖς ῥήμασι καὶ τῇ διανοίᾳ. Ἀλλ' οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων δείκνυσθαι βούλεται ὁ φιλούμενος τοῦτο. Ἂν γὰρ λέγωμεν τοῦτο, μὴ ποιῶμεν δὲ τὰ τῶν ποθούντων, γέλως τοῦτό ἐστιν, οὐκ ἐπὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ διὰ τῶν λόγων μόνον ὁμολογεῖν, διὰ δὲ τῶν ἔργων ἐναντιοῦσθαι, οὐχὶ ἀνόνητον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπιβλαβὲς ἡμῖν, παρακαλῶ, τὴν διὰ τῶν ἔργων ὁμολογίαν προσθῶμεν, ἵνα καὶ τῆς παρ' αὐτοῦ τύχωμεν ὁμολογίας κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην, ὅταν ἐπὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁμολογῇ τοὺς ἀξίους ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν, δι' οὗ καὶ μεθ' οὗ τῷ Πατρὶ ἡ δόξα, ἅμα τῷ ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι, νῦν καὶ ἀεὶ, καὶ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν. 59.127 ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΚΑʹ. Ἀπεκρίθη Ναθαναὴλ, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· «Ῥαββὶ, σὺ εἶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσ ραήλ.» Ἀπεκρίθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· «Ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, Εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς, πιστεύεις; Μείζω τούτων ὄψει.» αʹ. Πολλῆς ἡμῖν, ἀγαπητοὶ, δεῖ τῆς μερίμνης, πολλῆς τῆς ἀγρυπνίας, ὥστε δυνηθῆναι τὸ βάθος κατοπτεῦσαι τῶν θείων Γραφῶν. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς, οὐδὲ καθεύδοντας ἔνι τὸ βούλημα αὐτῶν εὑρεῖν, ἀλλὰ δεῖ μὲν ἐρεύνης ἀκριβοῦς, δεῖ δὲ καὶ εὐχῆς ἐκτενοῦς, ἵνα δυνηθῶμεν μικρόν τι διαβλέψαι πρὸς τὰ ἄδυτα τῶν θείων λογίων. Ἰδοὺ γὰρ καὶ τήμερον οὐ μικρὸν ἡμῖν ζήτημα πρόκειται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῆς δεόμενον τῆς σπουδῆς καὶ τῆς ἐρεύνης. Εἰπόντος γὰρ τοῦ Ναθαναὴλ, Σὺ εἶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ Χριστός φησιν· Ὅτι εἶπόν σοι, Εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς, πιστεύεις; Μείζονα τούτων ὄψει. Τί ποτ' οὖν ἐν τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐστὶ τὸ ζητούμενον; Ὅτι Πέτρος μὲν μετὰ τοσαῦτα θαύματα καὶ διδασκαλίαν τοιαύτην ὁμολογήσας, ὅτι Σὺ Υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ Θεοῦ, μακαρίζεται, ὡς παρὰ τοῦ Πατρὸς τὴν ἀποκάλυψιν δεξάμενος· ὁ δὲ Ναθαναὴλ καὶ πρὸ τῶν σημείων, καὶ πρὸ τῆς διδασκαλίας τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο εἰπὼν, οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἤκουσεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὡς οὐδὲν εἰρηκὼς τοσοῦτον, ὅσον ἐχρῆν εἰπεῖν, ἐπὶ μείζω προσάγεται. Τί ποτ' οὖν τὸ αἴτιον; Ὅτι τὰ μὲν ῥήματα τὰ αὐτὰ ἐφθέγξατο καὶ ὁ Πέτρος καὶ ὁ Ναθαναὴλ, οὐ μετὰ τῆς αὐτῆς δὲ διανοίας ἑκάτερος, ἀλλ' 59.128 ὁ μὲν Πέτρος ὡμολόγησεν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὡς Θεὸν ἀληθῆ, ὁ δὲ ἄνθρωπον ψιλόν. Καὶ πόθεν δῆλον τοῦτο ἡμῖν; Ἐκ τῶν μετὰ ταῦτα εἰρημένων. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Σὺ εἶ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἐπήγαγε· Σὺ εἶ ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. Ὁ δὲ τοῦ Θεοῦ Υἱὸς οὐ τοῦ Ἰσραήλἐστι βασιλεὺς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης ἁπάσης. Οὐκ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ μόνον τοῦτο δῆλον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἑξῆς. Τῷ μὲν γὰρ Πέτρῳ οὐδὲν ὕστερον προσέθηκεν ὁ Χριστὸς, ἀλλ' ὡς ἀπηρτισμένης αὐτῷ τῆς πίστεως, τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν ἔφησεν ἐπὶ τὴν ὁμολογίαν οἰκοδομήσειν τὴν ἐκείνου. Ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐποίησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ἐναντίον. Ὡς γὰρ πολλοῦ τινος καὶ τοῦ βελτίονος μέρους τῇ ὁμολογίᾳ λείποντος, τὰ λοιπὰ προσέθηκε. Τί γάρ φησιν; Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν· ἀπάρτι ὄψεσθε τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα, καὶ τοὺς ἀγγέλους τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀναβαίνοντας καὶ καταβαίνοντας ἐπὶ τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου. Ὁρᾷς πῶς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς ἀνάγει κατὰ μικρὸν, καὶ ποιεῖ μηκέτι φαντάζεσθαι ἄνθρωπον ἁπλῶς; Ὧ γὰρ ἄγγελοι διακονοῦσι, καὶ ἐφ' ὃν ἄγγελοι ἀναβαίνουσι καὶ καταβαίνουσι, πῶς ἂν οὗτος ἄνθρωπος εἴη; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο εἶπε, Μείζονα τούτων ὄψει· καὶ δεικνὺς αὐτὸ, ἐπήγαγε τὴν τῶν ἀγγέλων διακονίαν. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· Μέγα σοι, φησὶν, ὦ Ναθαναὴλ, ἔδοξεν εἶναι τοῦτο, καὶ διὰ τοῦτό με βασιλέα τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὡμολόγησας· τί οὖν ἐρεῖς, ὅταν ἴδῃς τοὺς ἀγγέλους ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἀναβαίνοντας καὶ καταβαίνοντας; διὰ τούτων πείθων, καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτὸν