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borne on a chariot, threatening, casting into prison, insulting, delivering to death, say to him, Why is earth and ashes proud? because even in his life his inward parts are cast out. These things are not spoken only about a private man, but also about him who sits upon the royal throne. For do not see the purple robe, nor the diadem, nor the golden garments; but investigate nature itself, and you will see the earth that is their substance. For all glory of man is as the flower of grass. For what reason are you proud, O man, and why? come down from your empty puffing up, consider the worthlessness of your nature; you are earth and ashes, cinders and dust, smoke and shadow, grass and the flower of grass. And living with such a nature, you are proud, tell me? and what could be more ridiculous than this? But you rule many men? and what is the profit of this, when you rule men, but are a captive and slave of the passions? just as if someone at home were beaten and received wounds from his servants, but going out into the marketplace is proud of his rule over others. You are a slave of all passions, and you are proud because you rule those of your own kind? Would that you ruled those passions, and were of equal honor with these men. For if he who boasts over things that are truly good is worthy of accusation, and loses the reward for all of them; he who is lifted up by things that are nothing, and puffs himself up on account of present glory, how would he not be the most ridiculous of all? Wretched and miserable one, your soul being corrupted by a most grievous disease, and suffering the utmost poverty, you are proud, because you have so and so many talents of gold? because of a multitude of slaves? But these things are not yours; and if you are not persuaded by my words, learn from the experience of those who have gone before. But if you are so intoxicated as not to be taught these things from what happens to others, wait a little while, and you will know through your own experience, that there is no profit for you in these things, that in giving up the ghost and not being master of any hour nor a brief moment, you unwillingly hand them over to those 63.674 present, and these often to whom you do not wish, but ceding them with force, to whom you did not wish even to look upon them before. For the substance of human affairs is nothing else, but ashes and dust and smoke and shadow and what is even more worthless than these. For what, tell me, do you consider great? What dignity do you think is great? That of the consul? For the many think no dignity is greater than this. Of him therefore who has been in so great a splendor, of him who was greatly admired, he who is not a consul has nothing less; both that one and this one are in the same dignity; for likewise after a little while both are not. When did it happen, for how long, tell me? For two days? this also happens in dreams. But it is a dream, he says. And what of it? Are the things in the day not a dream, tell me? why do we not rather call these things a dream? For just as dreams, when day arrives, are proven to be nothing, so when night arrives these things too are proven to be nothing; and just as in the day no one delights in the things that happened in the night, so it is not possible in the night to enjoy the things of the day. Have you become a consul? I too, in the night. But I in the day, and you in the night. And what of it? Not even so do you have anything more than I, unless perhaps the being called, "So-and-so is consul," for a time, and having the pleasure from the words, makes one have more. How does it? If I say, "So-and-so is consul," and I take pleasure in the word, was it not spoken and at once departed? So also are the realities; at once he appeared a consul, and is not. Let us suppose even a year and three and four; where are those who became consuls for ten years? Nowhere. But Paul was not so; for he was glorious always, even while living, not for one day, nor two, nor ten and twenty, nor for ten and twenty years, but he even died, and the four hundredth year has now passed, and he is still glorious even now, and much more glorious than when he lived. And these things indeed on earth; but what word could describe his glory in the heavens? And just as one can see the waves of the sea, now to an unspeakable height

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ἐπὶ ὀχήματος φερόμενον, ἀπειλοῦντα, εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐμβάλλοντα, ἐπηρεάζοντα, θανάτῳ παραδιδόντα, εἰπὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν, Τί ὑπερηφανεύεται γῆ καὶ σποδός; ὅτι καὶ ἐν τῇ ζωῇ αὐτοῦ ἐξουδένωται τὰ ἐνδόσθια αὐτοῦ. Ταῦτα οὐ περὶ ἀνθρώπου μόνον ἰδιώτου εἴρηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ καθημένου ἐπὶ τοῦ θρόνου τοῦ βασιλικοῦ. Μὴ γὰρ τὴν ἁλουργίδα ἴδῃς, μηδὲ τὸ διάδημα, μηδὲ τὰ ἱμάτια τὰ χρυσᾶ· ἀλλ' αὐτὴν τὴν φύσιν ἐρεύνησον, καὶ τούτων ὄψει τὴν γῆν τὴν οὖσαν ὑπόθεσιν. Πᾶσα γὰρ δόξα ἀνθρώπου ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου. Τίνος ἕνεκα μέγα φρονεῖς, ἄνθρωπε, καὶ διὰ τί; κατάβηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ φυσήματος τοῦ κενοῦ, διάσκεψαι τῆς φύσεως τὸ εὐτελές· γῆ καὶ σποδὸς εἶ, τέφρα καὶ κόνις, καπνὸς καὶ σκιὰ, χόρτος καὶ ἄνθος χόρτου. Τοιαύτῃ δὲ φύσει συζῶν μέγα φρονεῖς, εἰπέ μοι; καὶ τί τούτου γένοιτ' ἂν καταγελαστότερον; Ἀλλὰ πολλῶν ἄρχεις ἀνθρώπων; καὶ τί τούτου τὸ ὄφελος, ὅταν ἀνθρώπων μὲν ἄρχῃς, τῶν δὲ παθῶν αἰχμάλωτος ᾖς καὶ δοῦλος; ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις οἴκοι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν οἰκετῶν τύπτοιτο καὶ τραύματα λαμβάνοι, ἔξω δὲ εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐμβαλὼν μέγα φρονῇ ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν ἄλλων ἀρχῇ. Πάντων παθῶν δοῦλος εἶ, καὶ μέγα φρονεῖς ὅτι τῶν ὁμοφύλων ἄρχεις; Εἴθε ἐκείνων ἦρχες, καὶ τούτων ἦς ἰσότιμος. Εἰ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῖς ὄντως καλοῖς ὁ ἀλαζονευόμενος κατηγορίας ἄξιος, καὶ πάντων ἐκείνων τὸν μισθὸν ἀπόλλυσιν· ὁ ἐν τοῖς μηδὲν οὖσιν ἐπαιρόμενος, καὶ διὰ τὴν παροῦσαν δόξαν φυσῶν ἑαυτὸν, πῶς οὐκ ἂν εἴη πάντων καταγελαστότερος; Ἄθλιε καὶ ταλαίπωρε, τῆς ψυχῆς σου διαφθειρομένης χαλεπωτάτῃ νόσῳ, καὶ τὴν ἐσχάτην πενόμενος πενίαν, μέγα φρονεῖς, ὅτι χρυσοῦ τάλαντα ἔχεις τόσα καὶ τόσα; ὅτι πλῆθος ἀνδραπόδων; Ἀλλὰ ταῦτα οὐ σά· καὶ εἰ μὴ πείθῃ τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν, ἀπὸ τῆς πείρας τῶν προλαβόντων μάνθανε. Ἐὰν δὲ οὕτω μεθύῃς, ὡς μήτε ἐκ τῶν ἑτέροις συμβαινόντων ταῦτα παιδεύεσθαι, μικρὸν ἀνάμεινον, καὶ εἴσῃ διὰ τῶν εἰς σὲ, ὅτι σοι τούτων ὄφελος οὐδὲν, ὅτι ψυχοῤῥαγῶν καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς ὥρας οὐδὲ ῥοπῆς βραχείας κύριος ὢν, ἄκων, εἰς τοὺς 63.674 παρόντας αὐτὰ παραπέμπεις, καὶ τούτους πολλάκις, οἷς οὐκ ἐθέλεις, ἀλλὰ μετὰ βίας παραχωρῶν, οἷς οὐδὲ καθορᾷν αὐτὰ ἐβούλου τὸ πρότερον. Ἡ γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων ὑπόστασις οὐδὲν ἕτερόν ἐστιν, ἀλλ' ἢ τέφρα καὶ κόνις καὶ καπνὸς καὶ σκιὰ καὶ τὸ ἔτι τούτων οὐδαμινώτερον. Τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, μέγα νομίζεις; ποῖον ἡγῇ μέγα ἀξίωμα εἶναι; τὸ τοῦ ὑπάτου; οὐδὲν γὰρ τούτου τοῦ ἀξιώματος μεῖζον εἶναι νομίζουσιν οἱ πολλοί. Τοῦ ἐν τοσαύτῃ τοίνυν λαμπρότητι γεγενημένου, τοῦ μεγάλως θαυμασθέντος, ὁ μὴ ὕπατος ἔλαττον ἔχει οὐδέν· ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κἀκεῖνος καὶ οὗτός ἐστιν ἀξιώματι· ὁμοίως γὰρ ἑκάτεροι μετ' ὀλίγον οὐκ εἰσί. Πότε ἐγένετο, πόσον χρόνον, εἰπέ μοι; ἡμερῶν δύο; τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ὀνείροις γίνεται. Ἀλλ' ὄναρ, φησὶν, ἐστί. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; τὰ γὰρ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ οὐκ ὄναρ, εἰπέ μοι; διὰ τί μὴ ταῦτα μᾶλλον λέγομεν ὄναρ; Ὥσπερ γὰρ τὰ ὀνείρατα τῆς ἡμέρας καταλαβούσης ἐλέγχεται οὐδὲν ὄντα, οὕτω τῆς νυκτὸς καταλαμβανούσης καὶ ταῦτα οὐδὲν ὄντα ἐλέγχεται· καὶ ὥσπερ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τοῖς ἐν νυκτὶ γενομένοις οὐ γάννυταί τις, οὕτως οὐδὲ ἐν νυκτὶ τῶν μεθ' ἡμέραν ἀπολαῦσαι δυνατόν. Γέγονας ὕπατος; κἀγὼ ἐν νυκτί. Ἀλλ' ἐγὼ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, καὶ σὺ ἐν νυκτί. Καὶ τί τοῦτο; οὐδὲ οὕτω μου πλέον τι ἔχεις, εἰ μὴ ἄρα τὸ λέγεσθαι, Ὁ δεῖνα ὕπατος, τέως, καὶ τὸ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ῥημάτων ἡδονὴν ἔχειν, πλέον ἔχειν ποιεῖ. Πῶς ποιεῖ; Ἐὰν εἴπω, Ὁ δεῖνα ὕπατός ἐστι, καὶ χαρίσωμαι τῷ ῥήματι, οὐχ ἅμα ἐλέχθη καὶ ἀπῆλθεν; Οὕτω καὶ τὰ πράγματά ἐστιν· ἅμα ἐφάνη ὕπατος, καὶ οὐκ ἔστι. Θῶμεν δὲ καὶ ἐνιαυτὸν καὶ τρεῖς καὶ τέσσαρας· ποῦ εἰσιν οἱ δέκα ἔτη ὕπατοι γενόμενοι; οὐδαμοῦ. Ἀλλ' ὁ Παῦλος οὐχ οὕτως· ἦν μὲν γὰρ καὶ ζῶν διαπαντὸς λαμπρὸς, οὐ μίαν ἡμέραν, οὐδὲ δύο, οὐδὲ δέκα καὶ εἴκοσιν, οὐδὲ ἐνιαυτοὺς δέκα καὶ εἴκοσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐτελεύτησε, καὶ τετρακοσιοστὸν λοιπὸν ἔτος παρελήλυθε, καὶ ἔτι καὶ νῦν ἐστι λαμπρὸς, καὶ πολλῷ λαμπρότερος ἢ ὅτε ἔζη. Καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ἐν τῇ γῇ· τὴν δὲ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς λαμπρότητα τίς ἂν καὶ παραστήσειε λόγος; Καὶ καθάπερ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν τὰ τῆς θαλάττης κύματα, νῦν μὲν εἰς ὕψος ἄφατον