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God will say: “I have hated, I have rejected your feasts, and I will not smell your solemn assemblies.” And further intensifying the threat: “I will turn,” He says, “your feasts into mourning and your songs into lamentations.” 3.35 But let these grievous things be far from the assembly of the faithful, so that, having been called to joy and gladness, we may celebrate good feasts and divine festivals, loving deep peace and with it, the truth. For where there is tranquility of thoughts and an ordered state of soul, the delight of truth and its beauty appear. And truth is seen especially when, from the sequence of virtues, tranquility leads and peace presides, while those who have obtained such and so great a good disposition rejoice and have cheerfulness. 3.36 It is likely someone will ask how we concluded it to be the seventh month among the Hebrews, in which the fourth and the other fasts up to the tenth day were commanded to be, or from what is written at the end of the prophet Zechariah proposed for examination: “And you shall celebrate the feast of tabernacles”; for this is lawfully celebrated in no other than the said month, just as also that of the trumpets, and the fast. For that the new moon of the seventh month is a festival of solemn assembly can be clearly learned from the Psalm, which has it thus: “Blow the trumpet at the new moon, on the appointed day of our feast.” 3.37Zach. VIII, 20-22: Thus says the Lord Almighty: Yet many peoples shall come, and inhabitants of many cities, and the inhabitants of cities shall gather together into one city, saying: Let us go to entreat the face of the Lord and to seek the face of the Lord Almighty; I also will go. And many peoples and many nations will come to seek the face of the Lord Almighty in Jerusalem, and to propitiate the face of the Lord. 3.38 As a direct utterance, the prophet proclaims—the word of the Lord Almighty having come to him—the future restoration, joyous and festive, for the multitude of the Hebrews and the cities of Judea and the metropolis Jerusalem. God commanded through Moses all Israel to celebrate for Him three times a year in the place which He had chosen, this being none other than Jerusalem, from which it happened that from all the cities and villages of Judea they eagerly hurried to the metropolis, in which all the consecrations and festive mystical rites were performed, all of which came to an end in the time of the captivity, when almost all the Hebrews were cast out from the land that nurtured them. 3.39 Lamenting this most pitiful and grievous situation, the prophet of God, Jeremiah, in the book of Lamentations says: “The ways of Zion mourn because no one comes to the feast; all her gates are desolate, her priests groan.” For how could the ways of Zion not mourn, deprived of those who walk them, with no one any longer making haste to Jerusalem for the sake of celebrating and holding a festival, and the gates having been destroyed, torn down by those who ruled tyrannically. 3.40 To this desolation of good things it necessarily followed for the priests to groan, seeing that the time in which they ought to serve the chosen God was devoid of all cheerful readiness. Proclaiming that these unpleasant things would very soon cease, Zechariah says: “Yet many peoples will come,” to Jerusalem, evidently; for the seventieth year of the captivity had already arrived, as we have learned from him, speaking in prayer to God: “How long will you not have mercy on Jerusalem and the cities of Judah, this seventieth year?” 3.41 With the Lord Almighty immediately assenting, the peaceful conduct of Jerusalem has been revealed to the one who prayed, that still, as also before, many peoples will come to seek the face of the Lord Almighty, with the beginning again of: “Three times a year

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Θεὸς ἐρεῖ· «Μεμίσηκα, ἀπῶσμαι τὰς ἑορτὰς ὑμῶν, καὶ οὐ μὴ ὀσφρανθῶ ἐν ταῖς πανηγύρεσιν ὑμῶν.» Καὶ ἔτι ἐπιτείνων τὴν ἀπειλήν· «Θήσω, φησίν, τὰς ἑορτὰς ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος καὶ τὰς ᾠδὰς ὑμῶν εἰς θρήνους.» 3.35 Ἀπέστω δὲ τὰ ἀνιαρὰ ταῦτα τῆς τῶν πιστῶν συνόδου, ἵνα εἰς χαρὰν καὶ εὐφροσύνην κληθέντες ἀγαθὰς ἑορτὰς καὶ θείας πανηγύρεις ἐπιτελῶμεν, εἰρήνην βαθεῖαν καὶ σὺν αὐτῇ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀγαπῶντες. Ἔνθα γὰρ ἀταραξία λογισμῶν καὶ τεταγμένη κατάστασις ψυχῆς, τὸ τερπνὸν τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς ἐπιφαίνεται. Ὀπτάνεται δὲ ἡ ἀλήθεια μάλιστα ὅταν ἐκ τῆς ἀντακολουθήσεως τῶν ἀρετῶν γαλήνη ἀγάγῃ καὶ εἰρήνη πρυτανεύῃ, εὐφραινομένων καὶ ἱλαρίαν ἐχόντων τῶν τετυχηκότων τοσαύτης καὶ τοιαύτης εὐπαθείας. 3.36 Εἰκός τινα ἀπαιτήσειν πόθεν ἐστοχασάμεθα τὸν παρ' Ἑβραίους ἕβδομον εἶναι μῆνα, οὗ ἡ τετρὰς καὶ αἱ ἄλλαι ἕως τῆς δεκάτης ἡμέρας νηστεῖαι προσετάγησαν εἶναι, ἢ ἐκ τοῦ γεγραμμένου ἐπὶ τέλει τοῦ εἰς ἐξέτασιν προκειμένου προφήτου Ζαχαρία· «Καὶ ἑορτάσατε ἑορτὴν σκηνοπηγίαν»· αὕτη γὰρ οὐκ ἐν ἄλλῳ ἢ τῷ εἰρημένῳ μηνὶ νομίμως ἐπιτελεῖται, ὥσπερ καὶ ἡ τῶν σαλπίγγων, καὶ ἡ νηστεία. Ὅτι γὰρ καὶ ἡ νουμηνία τοῦ ἑβδόμου μηνὸς πανηγύρεώς ἐστιν ἑορτὴ σαφῶς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ψαλμοῦ ἔστιν μαθεῖν, τοῦ οὕτω ἔχοντος· «Σαλπίσατε ἐν νεομηνίᾳ σάλπιγγι, ἐν εὐσήμῳ ἡμέρᾳ ἑορτῆς ἡμῶν.» 3.37Zach. VIII, 20-22: Τάδε λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ· Ἔτι ἥξουσιν λαοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κατοικοῦντες πόλεις πολλάς, καὶ συνελεύσονται κατοικοῦντες πόλεις εἰς μίαν πόλιν, λέγοντες· Πορευθῶμεν δεηθῆναι τοῦ προσώπου Κυρίου καὶ ἐκζητῆσαι τὸ πρόσωπον Κυρίου παντοκράτορος· πορεύσομαι κἀγώ. Καὶ ἥξουσιν λαοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ ἔθνη πολλὰ ἐκζητῆσαι τὸ πρόσωπον Κυρίου παντοκράτορος ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ, καὶ τοῦ ἐξιλάσκεσθαι τὸ πρόσωπον Κυρίου. 3.38 Ὡς πρὸς ῥητὸν προαναφωνεῖ ὁ προφήτης, λόγου Κυρίου παντοκράτορος γεναμένου πρὸς αὐτόν, τὴν ὑπάρξουσαν ἀποκατάστασιν ἱλαρὰν καὶ πανηγυρικὴν τῇ τῶν Ἑβραίων πληθύι καὶ ταῖς πόλεσι τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ μητροπόλει τῇ Ἰερουσαλήμ. Προσέταττε Θεὸς διὰ Μωϋσέως παντὶ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ τρεῖς ἡμέρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἑορτάζειν αὐτῷ ἐν ᾧ ἐξελέξατο τόπῳ, οὐχ ἑτέρῳ τῆς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ὄντι, ἐξ οὗ συνέβαινεν ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων καὶ κωμῶν τῆς Ἰουδαίας συντόνως σπεύδειν ἐν τῇ μητροπόλει, ἐν ᾗ αἱ ἁγιστεῖαι πᾶσαι καὶ ἑορτάσιμαι μυστικαὶ σπουδαὶ ἐπετελοῦντο, ἅπερ πάντα τέλος ἔσχεν ἐν τῷ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας καιρῷ, ἔξω τῆς θρεψαμένης ἐκριφέντων σχεδὸν τῶν Ἑβραίων πάντων. 3.39 Ταύτην τὴν οἰκτίστην καὶ ἀνιαρὰν κατάστασιν ὀλοφυρόμενος, ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ προφήτης Ἰερεμίας ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ τῶν Θρήνων φησίν· «Ὁδοὶ Σιὼν πενθοῦσιν παρὰ τὸ μὴ εἶναι ἐρχομένους εἰς ἑορτήν· πᾶσαι αἱ πύλαι αὐτῆς ἠφανισμέναι, οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῆς ἀναστενάζουσιν.» Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἐπένθουν αἱ ὁδοὶ τῆς Σιὼν στερηθεῖσαι τῶν βαδιζόντων, οὐδενὸς σπεύδοντος ἔτι τὴν σπουδὴν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα τοῦ ἑορτάσαι καὶ πανηγυρίσαι χάριν, καὶ τῶν πυλῶν ἠφανισμένων, κατασπασθεισῶν ὑπὸ τῶν κρατησάντων τυραννικῶς. 3.40 Ταύτῃ τῇ ἐρημίᾳ τῶν καλῶν ἀναγκαίως ἠκολούθησεν τοὺς ἱερέας στενάζειν, ὁρῶντας τὸν καιρὸν ἐν ᾧ ἔδει θεραπεύειν τὸν ἐκλεξάμενον Θεὸν πάσης ἱλαρᾶς προθυμίας ἔκτος ὄντα. Ταῦτα τὰ ἀηδῆ πεπαύσεσθαι ὅσον οὔπω προαναφωνῶν ὁ Ζαχαρίας λέγει· «Ἔτι ἥξουσιν λαοὶ πολλοί», ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ δηλονότι· ἑβδομηκοστὸν γὰρ ἔτος ἤδη ἐνειστήκει τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας, ὡς παρ' αὐτοῦ ἔγνωμεν εὐκτικῶς πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν λέγοντος· «Ἕως τίνος οὐ μὴ ἐλεήσῃς τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ τὰς πόλεις τῆς Ἰουδαίας τοῦτο ἑβδομηκοστὸν ἔτος;» 3.41 Εὐθὺς ἐπινεύσαντος Κυρίου παντοκράτορος, πεφανέρωται τῷ εὐξαμένῳ ἡ εἰρηνικὴ ἀγωγὴ τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ, ἔτι ὡς καὶ πρότερον ἐλεύσεσθαι λαοὺς πολλοὺς ἐκζητῆσαι τὸ πρόσωπον Κυρίου παντοκράτορος, ἀρχὴν λαμβάνοντος πάλιν τοῦ· «Τρεῖς καιροὺς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ