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in a barbarian manner, he was not able to delve into the depths of philosophy, not tolerating teachers at all even in the process of learning, being full of audacity and barbarian folly, and thinking he was superior to everyone even before learning, and he set himself against Psellos himself from the very beginning. And having delved deeply into dialectic, he would cause daily disturbances in public gatherings, stringing together sophistic quibbles and proposing everything of that sort and in turn holding forth in such a manner. 5.8.4 The then reigning emperor Michael Doukas and his brothers also took him as a companion; and although they considered him of secondary importance compared to Psellos, they nevertheless protected him and engaged with him in logical contests. For the Doukai were most fond of learning, both the emperor's brothers and the emperor Michael himself. But Italos always looked upon Psellos with a hot and manic temper, even though the latter soared like an eagle over the quibbles of Italos. 5.8.5 What happened after this? The affairs of the Latins and Italians against the Romans were in turmoil, and the seizure of all Lombardy along with Italy was being plotted. And that emperor sent Italos to Epidamnos, as one supposedly loyal and a good man who understood the affairs of the Italians. And to cut the story short, when he was caught there betraying our interests and the man who was to remove him from there was sent, sensing this, he fled as a fugitive to Rome. Then that man, having repented and made an appeal to the emperor, at his command reached Constantinople, taking as his lodging the monastery so-called Pege and the church of the forty saints. There, when Psellos departed from Byzantium after his tonsure, he himself became head teacher of all philosophy, having been named Consul of the Philosophers, and he was eager to expound the books of Aristotle and Plato. 5.8.6 And he was, in appearance, most learned, but more skilled than any other man at investigating the most formidable Peripatetic philosophy and, even more than this, dialectic. But toward the other arts of discourse he was not at all well-disposed, but he was lame in the art of grammar and did not taste the nectar of rhetoric; nor from that source was his discourse adapted and polished into beauty. Hence indeed his style was harsh and altogether without circumlocution. And his speech knitted its brows, and it breathed sharpness all over. But his writing was full of dialectical attacks, and his tongue was carried away with arguments when debating in conversations rather than in his writings. So strong was he in debates and so inescapable that his respondent was automatically reduced to silence and brought to a state of helplessness. For on either side of a question he dug a pit and cast his interlocutor into a well of perplexities. So experienced was the man in dialectic and with successive questions he overwhelmed his interlocutors, confusing and disturbing their minds. And it was not possible for one who had once encountered him to pass through his labyrinths. 5.8.7 Moreover, he was most uncultured and his temper mastered him; and whatever virtue he had acquired from reason, his anger destroyed and made disappear. For the man would debate with words and with hands, and he would not permit his interlocutor to reach a state of perplexity at all, nor was it sufficient for him to stitch up his opponent's mouth and condemn him to silence, but straightaway his hand would leap upon his beard and hair, and insult would at once trip up insult; and the man was unrestrained in his hands and his tongue alike. This, however, was his only unphilosophical trait, that after the blow his anger would leave him, and tears would overtake him, and he would come to a brilliant repentance. 5.8.8 And if anyone would like to hear also about his appearance

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βαρβαρικῷ οὐκ ἠδύνατο φιλοσοφίας εἰς βάθος ἐλθεῖν διδασκάλων ὅλως μηδ' ἐν τῷ μανθάνειν ἀνεχόμενος, θρά σους ὢν μεστὸς καὶ ἀπονοίας βαρβαρικῆς πάντων τε καθυ περτερεῖν καὶ πρὸ τοῦ μαθεῖν οἰόμενος καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν τὸν Ψελλὸν ἐκ πρώτης ἀφετηρίας ἀντετάξατο. Ἐμβαθύνας δὲ τῇ διαλεκτικῇ καθημερινοὺς θορύβους ἐν πανδήμοις συνελεύσεσιν ἐποιεῖτο σοφιστικὰς συνείρων ἐρεσχελίας καὶ πᾶν εἴ τι τοιοῦτον προτιθεὶς καὶ αὖθις ὑπέχων λόγον τοιουτότροπον. 5.8.4 Τοῦτον προσηταιρίσατο καὶ ὁ τηνι καῦτα βασιλεύων Μιχαὴλ ὁ ∆ούκας καὶ οἱ τούτου ἀδελφοί· καὶ δευτέρου μὲν λόγου τοῦτον πρὸς τὸν Ψελλὸν ἐτίθεντο, ὅμως δὲ περιείχοντό τε αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν λογικαῖς συνεχρῶντο ἁμίλλαις. Ἦσαν γὰρ φιλολογώτατοι οἱ ∆οῦκαι καὶ οἱ τοῦ αὐτοκράτορος ἀδελφοὶ καὶ αὐτὸς δὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς Μιχαήλ. Ὁ δὲ Ἰταλὸς θερμὸν ἀεὶ καὶ μανικὸν πρὸς τὸν Ψελλὸν ἔβλεπε, κἂν ἐκεῖνος ὡς ἀετὸς τῶν τοῦ Ἰταλοῦ ἐρεσχελιῶν ὑπερίπτατο. 5.8.5 Τί τὸ μετὰ ταῦτα; Ἐσφάδᾳζε τὰ τῶν Λατίνων τε καὶ Ἰταλῶν κατὰ Ῥωμαίων καὶ ἡ τῆς Λογγιβαρδίας ὅλης ὁμοῦ καὶ Ἰταλίας ἐμελετᾶτο κατάσχεσις. Καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκεῖνος τὸν Ἰταλὸν ὡς οἰκεῖον δῆθεν καὶ ἄνδρα ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὰ τῶν Ἰταλῶν ἐπιστάμενον εἰς Ἐπίδαμνον ἀπέστειλε. Καὶ ἵνα συντέμω τὸν λόγον, ὡς κἀκεῖ ἐφωρᾶτο τὰ ἡμέτερα προδιδοὺς καὶ ἀπεστέλλετο ὁ μέλλων αὐτὸν μετακινεῖν ἐκεῖθεν, τούτου αἰσθόμενος φυγὰς εἰς Ῥώμην ᾤχετο. Εἶθ' ὁποῖος ἐκεῖνος μεταμεληθεὶς πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα παρακλήσει χρησάμενος κατὰ κέλευσιν ἐκείνου τὴν Κωνσταντίνου κατέλαβε τὴν μονὴν τὴν οὕτω καλου μένην Πηγὴν ἐνδιαίτημα λαβὼν καὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τῶν ἁγίων τεσσαράκοντα. Ἔνθα καὶ τοῦ Ψελλοῦ μεταχωρή σαντος Βυζαντόθεν μετὰ τὴν ἀπόκαρσιν αὐτὸς φιλοσο φίας ἁπάσης προέστη διδάσκαλος, ὕπατος τῶν φιλοσόφων χρηματίσας, καὶ τάς τε Ἀριστοτελικὰς βίβλους καὶ τὰς Πλατωνικὰς ἐξηγεῖσθαι ἐσπούδαζε. 5.8.6 Καὶ ἦν μὲν τῷ δόξαι πολυμαθέστατος, δεινὸς δὲ μᾶλλον εἴπερ τις ἄλλος διερευνήσασθαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων τὴν δεινοτάτην περιπατη τικὴν καὶ ταύτης πλέον τὴν διαλεκτικήν. Πρὸς δὲ τὰς ἄλλας τέχνας τῶν λόγων οὐ πάνυ τι εὐφυῶς εἶχεν, ἀλλὰ περί τε τὴν γραμματικὴν ἐχώλευε τέχνην καὶ τοῦ ῥητορικοῦ νέκταρος οὐκ ἐγεύσατο· οὐδ' ἐκεῖθεν ὁ λόγος τούτῳ ἐφήρ μοστο καὶ εἰς κάλλος ἀπέξεστο. Ἔνθεν τοι καὶ τοῦ χαρα κτῆρος εἶχε στρυφνῶς καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἀνεμπεριβόλως. Καὶ συνενενεύκει ὁ λόγος αὐτῷ τὰς ὀφρῦς, καὶ διόλου ἀπέπνει ἰδριμύτητος. ∆ιαλεκτικῶν δὲ ἐφόδων ἐμεμέστωτο τούτῳ τὸ ξύγγραμμα, καὶ ἡ γλῶττα τῶν ἐπιχειρημάτων ἐπεφόρητο τῷ διαλεγομένῳ ἐν ταῖς ὁμιλίαις μᾶλλον ἢ ταῖς γραφαῖς. Οὕτως εἶχεν ἰσχυρῶς πρὸς τὰς διαλέξεις καὶ τοσοῦτον ἄφυκτος ἦν ὡς τὸν ἀποκρινόμενον αὐτομάτως συνενε χθῆναι πρὸς τὴν σιγὴν καὶ εἰς ἀμηχανίαν ἐλθεῖν. Ἑκατέ ρωθεν γὰρ τῆς ἐρωτήσεως βόθρον ὤρυττε καὶ εἰς φρέαρ ἀποριῶν ἐνέβαλλε τὸν προσδιαλεγόμενον. Οὕτως ἐμπείρως εἶχε τῆς διαλεκτικῆς ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ταῖς ἐπαλλήλαις ἐπερω τήσεσι κατέπνιγε τοὺς διαλεγομένους συγχέων αὐτῶν καὶ συνταράττων τὸν νοῦν. Καὶ οὐκ ἦν τὸν ἅπαξ αὐτῷ συντυ χόντα τοὺς λαβυρίνθους τούτου διελθεῖν. 5.8.7 Ἀμουσότα τος δὲ ἄλλως ἦν καὶ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ κατεκράτει· καὶ ἥντινα προσεκτήσατο ἀρετὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου κατέλυε καὶ ἠφά νιζεν ὁ θυμός. ∆ιελέγετο γὰρ καὶ ἔπεσι καὶ χερσὶν ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ τὸν προσδιαλεγόμενον οὐκ ἠφίει πρὸς ἀπορίαν ὅλως ἐλθεῖν οὐδ' αὔταρκες ἦν αὐτῷ τὸ ἐπιρράψαι τοῦ ἀντικει μένου τὸ στόμα καὶ σιγὴν αὐτοῦ καταψηφιεῖσθαι, ἀλλ' εὐθὺς ἡ χεὶρ κατά τε τοῦ πώγωνος καὶ τῶν τριχῶν προσε φήλλετο καὶ ὕβρις εὐθὺς ξυνεπόδιζεν ὕβριν· καὶ ἀκάθεκτος ἦν ὁ ἄνθρωπος καὶ τὰς χεῖρας ὁμοῦ καὶ τὴν γλῶτταν. Τοῦτο δὲ μόνον ἀφιλόσοφον εἶχεν, ὅτι μετὰ τὴν πληγὴν κατελίμπανε τοῦτον ὁ θυμὸς καὶ τὸ δάκρυον κατελάμβανε καὶ εἰς λαμπρὸν μετάμελον ἤρχετο. 5.8.8 Εἰ δέ τῳ φίλον καὶ περὶ τῆς ὄψεως αὐτοῦ