John Chrysostom, On John

of a great economy regulating both her, and preparing the miracles to happen with fitting worthiness. For that he exceedingly honored her, even apart from the other things, this very thing which seems to have been spoken reproachfully, is most sufficient to show. For by being vexed he showed that he exceedingly reverenced her. But how and in what manner, we will say this in what follows. Bearing these things in mind, then, when you hear a certain woman saying, Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts which you have sucked; then him answering, Yea rather, blessed are they that do the will of my Father; consider that those words were also spoken from the same mind. For the answer was not of one casting off his mother, but of one showing that her giving birth would have profited her nothing, if she were not 59.132 exceedingly good and faithful. But if it profits Mary nothing, apart from virtue of the soul, that Christ was born of her; much more for us, even if we have a father, or a brother, or a child who is virtuous and noble, but we ourselves are far from their virtue, this will be able to profit us nothing. For a brother, says David, does not redeem, shall a man redeem? For in nothing else, but only in one's own good deeds after the grace of God must one have the hopes of salvation. Since if this were going to profit the virgin in and of itself, it would have also profited the Jews (for Christ was their kinsman according to the flesh), it would have also profited the city in which he was born, it would have also profited his brothers. But as it is, even his brothers, as long as they neglected themselves, the honor of their kinship profited them nothing, but they were condemned with the rest of the world; but then they were admired, when they shone from their own virtue. But the city both fell and was burned, gaining nothing from this; and his kinsmen according to the flesh were slaughtered and perished most pitiably, gaining nothing from their kinship with him for their salvation, since they did not have the protection that comes from virtue. But the apostles appeared greater than all, since they pursued the true and enviable manner of relationship to him, that which is through obedience. From this, therefore, we learn that we everywhere have need of faith, and of a shining and bright life. For this alone will be able to save us. Since also for a long time his relatives were admired everywhere, who were also called Desposyni; but nevertheless we do not even know their names, but the life and the names of the apostles are sung everywhere. Let us not then be proud of noble birth according to the flesh, but even if we have ten thousand admirable ancestors, let us ourselves strive to surpass their virtues, knowing that we will gain nothing from the diligence of others in the judgment to come, but this too will be a more severe judgment. For being from good fathers, and having the example from home, not even so do we imitate our teachers. But I say these things now, since I see many Greeks, when we lead them to the faith, and exhort them to become Christians, taking refuge in their relatives and their ancestors and their house, and saying: All my relatives and friends and housemates happen to be faithful Christians. What then is this to you, O wretched and miserable one? For this above all will destroy you, that not even out of respect for the multitude of your housemates did you run to the truth. Again certain others, being believers, but living a negligent life, when exhorted to virtue, put forward this very same thing, saying: My father, and my grandfather, and my great-grandfather happened to be exceedingly pious and diligent. But this indeed will condemn you most of all, that being the descendant of such men, you have done things unworthy of your own root. For hear what the Prophet says to the Jews: Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep; and again Christ, Abraham your father rejoiced to see my day; and he saw it, and was glad. And everywhere the good deeds of ancestors are brought against them not only as encomiums, but also as a greater 59.133 accusation. These things therefore

οἰκονομίας πολλῆς ῥυθμιζούσης αὐτήν τε ἐκείνην, καὶ τὰ θαύματα μετὰ τῆς προσηκούσης γενέσθαι παρασκευαζούσης ἀξίας. Ἐπεὶ ὅτι σφόδρα αὐτὴν ἐτίμα, καὶ χωρὶς τῶν ἄλλων αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ δοκοῦν ἐπιτιμητικῶς εἰρῆσθαι, μάλιστα ἱκανὸν ἐμφῆναι. Τῷ γὰρ δυσχερᾶναι ἔδειξεν ὅτι σφόδρα αὐτὴν δυσωπεῖται. Πῶς δὲ καὶ τίνι τρόπῳ, τῇ ἑξῆς τοῦτο ἐροῦμεν. Ταῦτα οὖν ἐννοῶν, καὶ ὅταν ἀκούσῃς γυναικός τινος λεγούσης· Μακαρία ἡ κοιλία ἡ βαστάσασά σε, καὶ μαστοὶ οὓς ἐθήλασας· εἶτα αὐτοῦ ἀποκρινομένου· Μενοῦν γε μακάριοι οἱ ποιοῦντες τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Πατρός μου· ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης κἀκεῖνα εἰρῆσθαι νόμιζε τὰ ῥήματα. Οὐ γὰρ ἀπωθουμένου τὴν μητέρα ἡ ἀπόκρισις ἦν, ἀλλὰ δεικνύντος ὅτι οὐδὲν αὐτὴν ὁ τόκος ὤνησεν ἂν, εἰ μὴ σφόδρα ἦν 59.132 ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιστή. Εἰ δὲ τὴν Μαρίαν οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ χωρὶς τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν ἀρετῆς, τὸ γεννηθῆναι παρ' αὐτῆς τὸν Χριστόν· πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἡμᾶς κἂν πατέρα, κἂν ἀδελφὸν, κἂν παῖδα ἔχωμεν ἐνάρετον καὶ γενναῖον, αὐτοὶ δὲ πόῤῥω ὦμεν τῆς ἀρετῆς τῆς ἐκείνου, οὐδὲν τοῦτο ὠφελῆσαι δυνήσεται. Ἀδελφὸς γὰρ, φησὶν ὁ ∆αυῒδ, οὐ λυτροῦται, λυτρώσεται ἄνθρωπος; Ἐν οὐδενὶ γὰρ ἑτέρῳ, ἀλλ' ἐν μόνοις τοῖς οἰκείοις κατορθώμασι μετὰ τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριν τὰς ἐλπίδας τῆς σωτηρίας ἔχειν δεῖ. Ἐπεὶ εἰ τοῦτο ἔμελλεν ὠφελήσειν καθ' ἑαυτὸ τὴν παρθένον, ὠφέλησεν ἂν καὶ Ἰουδαίους (συγγενὴς γὰρ ἦν αὐτῶν κατὰ σάρκα ὁ Χριστὸς), ὠφέλησεν ἂν καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐν ᾗ ἐτέχθη, ὠφέλησεν ἂν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφούς. Νῦν δὲ καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ, ἕως μὲν ἑαυτῶν ἠμέλουν, οὐδὲν αὐτοὺς τὸ τῆς συγγενείας ἀξίωμα ὠφέλει, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τοῦ λοιποῦ κατεγινώσκοντο κόσμου· τότε δὲ ἐθαυμάσθησαν, ὅτε ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκείας ἔλαμψαν ἀρετῆς. Ἀλλ' ἡ πόλις καὶ ἔπεσε καὶ ἐνεπρήσθη, μηδὲν ἀπὸ τούτου κερδάνασα· κατεσφάγησαν δὲ καὶ ἀπώλοντο σφόδρα ἐλεεινῶς καὶ οἱ κατὰ σάρκα συγγενεῖς, οὐδὲν ἀπὸ τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν συγγενείας εἰς τὸ σωθῆναι κερδάναντες, ἐπειδὴ τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρετῆς προστασίαν οὐκ εἶχον. Πάντων δὲ μείζους ἀνεφάνησαν οἱ ἀπόστολοι, ἐπειδὴ τὸν ἀληθινὸν καὶ ζηλωτὸν τρόπον τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν οἰκειώσεως μετῆλθον, τὸν διὰ τῆς ὑπακοῆς. Κἀντεῦθεν οὖν μανθάνομεν, ὅτι πίστεως ἡμῖν πανταχοῦ χρεία, καὶ βίου λάμποντος καὶ φαιδροῦ. Τοῦτο γὰρ ἡμᾶς μόνον διασῶσαι δυνήσεται. Ἐπειδὴ καὶ μέχρι πολλοῦ οἱ συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ ἐθαυμάζοντο πανταχοῦ, οἳ καὶ ∆εσπόσυνοι ἐλέγοντο· ἀλλ' ὅμως αὐτῶν μὲν οὐδὲ τὰ ὀνόματα ἴσμεν, τῶν δὲ ἀποστόλων καὶ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα ᾄδεται πανταχοῦ. Μὴ τοίνυν μέγα φρονῶμεν ἐπὶ εὐγενείᾳ τῇ κατὰ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ κἂν μυρίους ἔχωμεν προγόνους θαυμαστοὺς, αὐτοὶ σπουδάσωμεν ὑπερβαλέσθαι τὰς ἐκείνων ἀρετὰς, εἰδότες ὅτι οὐδὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ἑτέρων σπουδῆς εἰς τὴν μέλλουσαν κερδανοῦμεν κρίσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦτο κρῖμα ἔσται σφοδρότερον. Ἀγαθῶν γὰρ ὄντες πατέρων, καὶ οἴκοθεν ἔχοντες τὸ ὑπόδειγμα, οὐδὲ οὕτω μιμούμεθα τοὺς διδασκάλους. Ταῦτα δὲ λέγω νῦν, ἐπειδὴ ὁρῶ Ἕλληνας πολλοὺς, ὅταν ἐπὶ τὴν πίστιν αὐτοὺς ἄγωμεν, καὶ παρακαλῶμεν γενέσθαι Χριστιανοὺς, ἐπὶ τοὺς συγγενεῖς καὶ τοὺς προγόνους καταφεύγοντας καὶ τὴν οἰκίαν, καὶ λέγοντας· Πάντες οἱ προσήκοντές μοι καὶ ἐπιτήδειοι καὶ συνοικοῦντες, πιστοὶ Χριστιανοὶ τυγχάνουσι. Τί οὖν τοῦτο πρὸς σὲ, ἄθλιε καὶ ταλαίπωρε; Τοῦτο γάρ σε μάλιστα ἀπολεῖ, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν συνοικούντων αἰδεσθεὶς πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἔδραμες. Πάλιν ἄλλοι τινὲς, πιστοὶ μὲν ὄντες, βίου δὲ ἠμελημένως τυγχάνοντες, παρακαλούμενοι πρὸς ἀρετὴν, τὸ αὐτὸ δὴ τοῦτο προβάλλονται λέγοντες· Ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐμὸς, καὶ ὁ πάππος, καὶ ὁ ἐπίπαππος σφόδρα εὐσεβεῖς καὶ σπουδαῖοι ἐτύγχανον ὄντες. Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο δή σε κατακρινεῖ μάλιστα, ὅτι τοιούτων ὢν ἔγγονος, ἀνάξια τῆς οἰκείας ἔπραξας ῥίζης. Ἄκουσον γὰρ ὁ Προφήτης τί φησι πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους· Ἐδούλευσεν Ἰσραὴλ ἐν γυναικὶ, καὶἐν γυναικὶ ἐφυλάξατο· καὶ πάλιν ὁ Χριστὸς, Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ἠγαλλιάσατο ἵνα ἴδῃ τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ἐμήν· καὶ εἶδε, καὶ ἐχάρη. Καὶ πανταχοῦ τὰ τῶν προγόνων κατορθώματα οὐ μόνον ἀντ' ἐγκωμίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀντὶ μείζονος αὐτοῖς προσ 59.133 φέρουσι τῆς κατηγορίας. Ταῦτ' οὖν