Chronicon (sub nomine leonis grammatici vel theodosii melisseni vel julii pollucis) (redactio a + b operis sub titulo epitome fort. sub auctore

 Does he call the gifts of the fruits of cain a sacrifice? it is possible to speak again to the question, using right reasoning. abel's sacrifice was c

 This one is said to be the first to be buried in the earth from which he was taken, and a certain hebrew tradition recounts that his tomb was in the l

 The flood happened in the six hundredth year of noah. from adam until noah and the flood there are two thousand two hundred and forty-two years. in th

 Fortunate, coele-syria, commagene and all phoenicia and in his part is the river euphrates. and from the tribe of shem appeared a giant-born man, nam

 Subject at hand. and having concluded with the generation from peleg of reu, let us begin again from him. reu, being 132 years old, begat serug. in hi

 And it destroys the growth from the earth, and the waters of the sea before it are made dead. a little later, abraham, moving from the oak at mamre, e

 Begets abraham abraham, being seventy years old, begets moses. they say that abraham, the father of moses, prayed to god not to overlook the destruct

 Of mesopotamia, who reigned over them for eight years. during these times, prometheus is mythologized as being wise in culture, through which he refas

 Seeking the donkeys, he came to samuel and samuel spoke to saul about the kingdom and about what he sought. saul, having gone out, told his relative

 Altar. who was also killed for transgressing the commandment of god, having been met by a lion that encountered him on the road as he was returning. a

 Having practiced idolatry no less than the canaanites but it is said that in his final time he lived piously. in his time isaiah the prophet departed

 Rather, persuaded by these on the third day, he answers the people with the counsel of the young men. and they departed, having renounced his rule, an

 Two. pekah son of remaliah, having slain pekahiah, reigned for twenty years. in his time, tiglath-pileser, king of the assyrians, campaigning against

 Azarias, he himself being in the eighth year of his reign but the third time when he went up in the eleventh year of zedekiah, and burned the temple,

 Conduct and the city was built with a broad street and a surrounding wall. from which the 70 weeks in daniel begin to be numbered, in the twentieth y

 Into his own. ptolemy epiphanes, the son of philopator, reigned for 4 years. ptolemy philometor, the son of epiphanes, reigned for 35 years. under him

 Him, as bucephalus did alexander. once, when he was about to go out the courtyard door to go to the senate-house, his statue standing in front of the

 Having fallen upon it, erased the first letter of his name. therefore, having called together the consuls and senators, he said that having received r

 To suppose him to be disturbed. he was slain by claudius. in the time of gaius, agrippa becomes king of judea, and simon magus is baptized by philip,

 The senate proclaimed him emperor. vitalius. vitalius reigned for one year, being of a distinguished family. he ordered all astrologers and astronomer

 Use him. and he was chosen by nerva because of his excellence, as he was most warlike and had achieved many successes in rome and everywhere. and whe

 In his days. but a certain narcissus of his household staff choked him in the bath. in the time of commodus, clement the stromatist was known in alexa

 Against alexander who had and honored many christians he raised a great persecution against the christians. maximus and balbinus. maximus and balbinus

 In a fortress, and there he was buried. aurelian had a certain spy, who reported to him all that was being done and said. once having been threatened

 A magister was martyred but when his wife and his two daughters were being sought, they, having resorted to flight 83 so that their chastity would no

 He stole many and precious stones and pearls and he also received from the king of the indians gifts to bring to the emperor, and having returned to

 Of constantinople, having provided him 89 public funds who, besides the other sacred books, having written sixty books on gazelle skins, beautified t

 Most beautiful, but not according to the form and beauty and size now seen, and he performs its dedication under the patriarch eudoxius, a disciple of

 A king conspicuously both pious and meek and gentle. who, having made a peace treaty also with the persians, while returning to byzantium, in ancyra o

 He appointed as bishop whom they say exposed the unjust rulers before the emperor. the goths treated valens badly and he asked the most divine valen

 Macedonius, who was blaspheming against the holy spirit, and with him sabellius and apollinaris. the second synod is therefore sixty years after the f

 Leaving honorius in rome. this one created his own military unit, which he called the arcadiaci and he also set up the column of the xerolophos, 105

 The third 108 synod also took place in ephesus, with two hundred fathers, among whom were cyril of alexandria, celestine pope of rome, juvenal of jeru

 Being envied, therefore, he is slandered as a hellenist having been bound, therefore, and tonsured, he is ordained bishop in smyrna. in his last days

 One robed in this purple 114 must not be false. but indeed this also, said the emperor, befits an emperor, not to yield or submit to anyone, espec

 Zeno himself was also most hideous, just as the hellenes paint pan with goat-legs and shaggy-shinned, dark in complexion, of an indeterminate age, wra

 He saw in his sleep a certain frightening one holding in his hand a written codex and saying to him behold, because of your unbelief i am erasing 14

 Having made his plans, he himself seized the kingdom. in his time the events concerning saint arethas and those in the city of najran took place, and

 And they burned the two porticoes as far as the forum, and they reviled justinian the emperor, anathematizing him, but they acclaimed the patrician hy

 To defeat the vandals and to sack africa who, with sagacity and prudence having plundered everything and made gelimer captive, led him to the city wi

 Desperate, ill-advised, and as i said, a lover of building and magnanimous. the same man, having gone up into the hippodrome while the demes were riot

 He who made you, not i, gives you the form of the kingdom. honor him, so that you may be honored by him. do not rejoice in blood do not partake in mu

 Having been appointed by maurice and having taken command of the armies, he marched against the persians, showing many deeds of valor against them, to

 He ordered the chamberlain to leave, and when he had left, he himself fell at the feet of philippicus, saying forgive me, brother, for i have sinned

 To be restored. and not long after, having accused maurice's wife along with her three daughters of plotting against him, he executed them at the mole

 Emperor in the church by the whole senate and the people. and crispus, the son-in-law of phocas, concurred with and approved of these things. this her

 Being lifted up by your inheritance. when george the pisidian saw him, he spoke with such humility: o emperor, having wrapped your feet in black-dye

 But also being epileptic. but he devises a way to remedy it, saying thus, that i see a vision of an angel called gabriel, and not enduring the sight

 Heraclius. he brought to hagia sophia the crown which constantine had taken from the tomb of his father. but heraklonas was not buried in a royal mann

 In the gulf and at cyzicus, warring against constantinople for seven years. but by the grace of god, being warred against by the byzantines, and again

 Having taken over multitudes, some by war and some by treaty, he returned, from whom he selected and enlisted thirty thousand, and named them a specia

 The patrician john, a capable man, with a roman fleet who, having routed the enemies, liberated africa, and having reported these things to the emper

 Brought theodora from khazaria and her son tiberius, and they reigned with him. and breaking the peace with the bulgars he marched against them, and b

 A collector of the public taxes, pious and peaceable, and they proclaimed him emperor as they had no other ruler but he took to flight and hid in the

 Sisinnius the patrician was then general of the anatolics under whom leo also, having been enlisted, in a short time was raised to the greatest advan

 By him, moved against the imperial city, and having seized abydos and crossed over a very great force, he writes to suleiman the protosymboulos to com

 Isaurian, copronymus. constantine his son, copronymus, reigned for 34 years, appearing from a most terrible lion as a many-colored leopard, from the s

 And having cut off the hands and feet of baktagios in the hippodrome, he beheaded him and he killed many other leading men, and confiscated their pro

 And by sea, and having routed them he entered the city, armed with the weapons of war, celebrating a triumph over the bulgars in chains. in his time t

 He returned bedridden and having come to selymbria, and having sailed as far as the round castle, with a dying soul and body, shouting and saying tha

 The ecclesiastical state having shone forth upon them. and after forty days of her ruling with her son, some of those in authority, having held a coun

 Within earshot of the emperor and of all the people shouting, the scholarii of copronymus revolted against them, and drawing their swords they dispers

 Having put them to flight, punished their leaders, having inscribed on their foreheads with tattooed ink armenian conspirator, having exiled them bo

 With a prudent mind she said to the one who was yesterday a perjured slave and today a tyrant, i, o man, consider god my benefactor, the one who rais

 Most holy patriarch. and the emperor, having campaigned against the bulgars, defeated them utterly, so that he even burned the so-called court of thei

 Power, having performed abominable sacrifices in the meadow of the golden gate. and he asked the emperor to make peace or to fix his spear in the gold

 Wearing, when the *papias* opened it as the priests entered with their chasubles, and when the emperor entered the church, they rushed in and, having

 Stricken in his heart, he passed this one by, and gave the apple to theodora, who was from paphlagonia. and he crowns theodora in the oratory of saint

 He adorned her coffin with silver, and established a charter of freedom for those who take refuge there for some crime which silver, after this, 217

 And achieved a great victory. and he treated this man with greater honor than the first time, and he himself was all-powerful with 220 the ameroumnes.

 Someone to him, and says that the horse on which your majesty rides, is mine. and as the horse was prancing and the emperor restrained it, the emperor

 A mystery, in which whatever someone says in one corner, is heard in the other. 226 but theophilos himself, having learned that theophanes the poet an

 Of a great multitude and fleet greatly terrified the hagarenes, but he himself was more greatly terrified, and chose flight, having learned that the a

 Kordyle, and joining battle they killed many, and captured some. but the bulgarians who were not able to cross over scattered among the hungarians, an

 Of the kouropalates. and with the bulgarians making raids in thrace and macedonia, and plundering such themes, theodora levied a force of soldiers, wh

 Was being reviled, he appoints him sole general over the western themes, when he died there. and after a little while, on the fourth day of renewal we

 They are propitiated. then, with hymnody, having brought out the holy omophorion of the theotokos, they touched it to the edge of the sea. and while t

 And having gone down to the tent of the caesar at sunset and having met with procopius, protovestiarios of the caesar, he affirmed to him that tomorro

 Having fallen into it, was drowned, and was buried there. but symbatios, the son-in-law of the caesar, having failed to obtain the rank of caesar, see

 Against basil. and when his mother theodora invited the emperor to the palace of anthemius, he sent rentakios his protovestiarios along with other men

 Those who had disposed of michael, and what each of them suffered at different times. iakobitzes, while hunting with the emperor in the philopation, w

 At that time were under his hand, with all those in authority receiving them, he having treated them kindly and provided them with gifts. and he honor

 He supposed, and that he was not mistaken for this reason, having built a monastery there, he named it after saint constantine. by these and many oth

 And he brought michael out of the tomb, and placed him in a cypress-wood coffin, and having placed him on a bier, covering him royally and honoring hi

 To receive allowances from the new church. santabarenos himself died during the reign of constantine and zoe his mother. therefore, during the reign o

 Symeon deemed him worthy of an audience, but secured him in prison. and marching out against the turks, since their fortress had no assistance from th

 Having buried him there. after the death of zautzes, basil epeiktes, the son of nicholas the hetaireiarch, became friends with samonas the cubiculariu

 Droungarios of the fleet, and with karamalos being there and michael charaktos, a great slaughter of the romans occurred. and when they went up into t

 Tripolites to leave the city which indeed also happened. but samonas, under the pretext of going out to his monastery 278 at speira, which is in dama

 Contriving in every way and with all zeal from his flight. and he suborned someone to write secretly to andronikos 281 do not board the ships, lest y

 Very slanderous against the emperor, written and composed by the rhodian notary samonas. and when the emperor came into the great church, finding it i

 He also renewed, as things left to him. and trusting in his own error, having made a spectacle of the vestments of the churches and having taken the p

 Constantine, learning that a very great disturbance had occurred, rode out his horse. but he, slipping on the slabs paved there, threw his rider to th

 Promising to bring the pechenegs. having had his request granted and receiving many gifts, he departed for the land of the pechenegs, and taking hosta

 Of condemnation was overturned. but the bulgarians, being elated by the victory and campaigning as far as the city, leo the domestic of the schools, j

 It came to pass, so that they also agreed to make a marriage contract, by this further tightening the bond of love. therefore on the twenty-fourth of

 Carrying an autographed letter of the emperor constantine, declaring the following: since i, having found no one under my hand more vigilant and more

 When the bulgarians again raided as far as katasyrtai after the death of the domesticus adralestus, pothos argyros was appointed domesticus of the sch

 His horse having become stuck in the mud, he is wounded in the buttocks and the thigh. therefore, when the horse was with difficulty pulled out of the

 The emperor, having received communion, and having put on the faith in the most pure theotokos like a helmet, went out of the church, fortified with s

 Romanos, john the mystikos, patrikios, anthypatos. and in the month of may, on the fifteenth, of the third indiction, the patriarch nicholas ended his

 A splendid banquet at the landing-place of the pegai. but when the bulgarians made no small objection that christopher be acclaimed first, and then co

 We have gone through the good deeds and alms but john his brother conspired against peter the bulgarian, along with other bulgarians of symeon. and w

 Was waiting. when they arrived and came near the lighthouse, he, lying in wait at the mouth of the euxine sea at the place called hieron, and indeed s

 Constantine and his son-in-law constantine, along with the patriarch theophylact, and having received this with due honor, with the entire senate goin

 Marianos and the others who were prepared for this, both brought them down from the palace, and confined them to the nearby islands and tonsured them

Symeon deemed him worthy of an audience, but secured him in prison. And marching out against the Turks, since their fortress had no assistance from the Romans but was left unprovided for, he slaughtered them all, increasing his own arrogance. And returning, he found Leo in Muldagra, and said to him, 269 "I will not make peace, unless I receive all the captives." The emperor therefore ordered them to be given back, and Theodore the Bulgarian, a kinsman of Symeon, came with Leo and took them. But when Nikephoros Phokas died, Symeon sought pretexts to break the peace; for seeking still other captives, he came against the Romans. And the emperor Leo appointed Leo Katakalon, who had his dwelling in Rhabdos, as domestic of the schools, and sent with him Theodosios the patrikios and protovestiarios. And all the themes and tagmata crossed over. And when a battle took place with Symeon at Bulgarophygon, a general rout occurred, and all were lost, including the protovestiarios Theodosios, on whose account the emperor was not moderately grieved. In his time, the people of the fortress in Cherson also slew their strategos, Symeon the son of Jonas. And the fortress of Koron in Cappadocia was taken by the Hagarenes. And he made a processional visit to the Damianos palace, with Zaoutzes the paradynasteuon and his daughter Zoe being with the emperor. But Theophano his wife was not there, but was praying constantly at the holy reliquary in Blachernai. When the emperor decided to remain there, the relatives of Zaoutzes, both his son 270 Tzantzes and the others, having held a council, wanted to murder the emperor during the night. But Zoe, sleeping with the emperor and hearing the disturbance, looked out through the window and quieted them. And when she understood the terrible nature of the plot which they had contrived, she woke the emperor, who immediately entered a boat and crossed over to Pegai, leaving Zaoutzes and everyone there. And early the next morning he entered the palace, having dismissed John the droungarios of the vigla, and appointing Pardos son of Nicholas the hetaireiarch in his place; for this Nicholas, having become a friend of the emperor, made all of Zaoutzes' affairs plain to him. And from that time the emperor did not enter the chamber of Zaoutzes, until Leo magistros Theodotakes reconciled them. And Theophano Augusta died after reigning for twelve years, whom not many days later God revealed as a wonder-worker on account of her lack of jealousy and her unresentfulness, and because she constantly devoted herself to God and the holy churches in almsgiving and prayers. And the emperor Leo crowned Zoe the daughter of Zaoutzes, and was blessed with her by a cleric of the palace, whose nickname was Sinapes. And the one who gave the blessing was deposed, while she reigned for one year and eight months. And when this Zoe died, he found a sarcophagus for her body to be placed in, having letters carved 271 inside, written thus: "O wretched daughter of Babylon." And Leo Mousikos and Staurakios were slandered to the emperor on the grounds that they were taking bribes from the generals and officials and acting as intermediaries with the basileopator. And once when Staurakios entered with a letter for Zaoutzes, when the emperor saw him standing in the sun-court, he came up behind him, and grabbing him by the neck, he led him out, as if to ask about the generals. And leading him to the Monothyron and taking the letters and flinging them away, he handed him over to the bystanders to lead out of the palace, ordering him to be tonsured. And when Mousikos learned this, he fell into despair. And the emperor, entering where Mousikos was standing by Zaoutzes, pushed him by the neck and led him out, handing him over to Christophoros the koitonites to be taken away to the Stoudios and made a monk. And a little later Zaoutzes died in the palace; and bringing him down through the Boukoleon, they took him to the monastery of Kauleas,

λόγου ἠξίωσεν Συμεών, ἀλλ' ἠσφαλίσατο ἐν εἱρκτῇ. ἐκστρατεύσας δὲ κατὰ τῶν Τούρκων, ἐκείνων ὀχύρωμα βοηθείας μὴ ἐχόντων παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ἀλλ' ἀπρονοήτων ἐαθέντων, πάντας κατέσφαξεν, αὐξήσας τὴν μεγαλοψυχίαν αὐτοῦ. καὶ ὑποστρέψας εὗρεν Λέοντα ἐν τῇ Μουλδάγρᾳ, καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν 269 "οὐ ποιῶ εἰρήνην, ἐὰν μὴ πᾶσαν τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν λάβω." διωρίσατο οὖν ὁ βασιλεὺς ταύτην ἀποδοῦναι, καὶ ἦλθεν μετὰ Λέοντος Θεόδωρος Βούλγαρος οἰκεῖος τοῦ Συμεών, καὶ παρέλαβεν αὐτούς. Νικηφόρου δὲ τοῦ Φωκᾶ τελευτήσαντος ἀφορμὰς ἐζήτει Συμεὼν τοῦ εἰρήνην διαλῦσαι· ἐπιζητῶν γὰρ καὶ ἄλλους αἰχμαλώτους ἔρχεται κατὰ Ῥωμαίων. Λέων δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς δομέστικον τῶν σχολῶν προβάλλεται Λέοντα τὸν Κατακαλών, ἐν τῇ Ῥάβδῳ τὴν οἴκησιν ἔχοντα, καὶ μετ' αὐτοῦ ἀποστέλλει Θεοδόσιον πατρίκιον καὶ πρωτοβεστιάριον. καὶ περῶσιν ὅλα τὰ θέματα καὶ τὰ τάγματα. καὶ γενομένης συμβολῆς μετὰ Συμεὼν εἰς τὸ Βουλγαρόφυγον ἐγένετο τροπὴ δημοσία, καὶ πάντες ἀπώλοντο, καὶ ὁ πρωτοβεστιάριος Θεοδόσιος, δι' ὃν ὁ βασιλεὺς οὐ μετρίως ἠνιάθη. Ἐπὶ τούτου ἔσφαξαν καὶ ἐν Χερσῶνι οἱ τοῦ κάστρου τὸν στρατηγὸν αὐτῶν Συμεῶνα τὸν υἱὸν Ἰωνᾶ. παρελήφθη καὶ τὸ κάστρον τὸ Κόρον ἐν Καππαδοκίᾳ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀγαρηνῶν. Ὁ δὲ πρόκενσον ἐποίησεν εἰς τὰ ∆αμιανοῦ, συνόντος καὶ Ζαούτζα τοῦ παραδυναστεύοντος καὶ τῆς θυγατρὸς αὐτοῦ Ζωῆς ἅμα τῷ βασιλεῖ. Θεοφανὼ δὲ ἡ γαμετὴ αὐτοῦ οὐ παρῆν ἐκεῖσε, ἀλλ' ἐν Βλαχέρναις ἐν τῇ ἁγίᾳ σορῷ προσεκαρτέρει εὐχομένη. δόξαντος τοῦ βασιλέως μεῖναι ἐκεῖσε συμβούλιον ποιήσαντες οἱ τοῦ Ζαούτζα συγγενεῖς, ὅ τε υἱὸς αὐ270 τοῦ ὁ Τζάντζης καὶ οἱ λοιποί, ἐβούλοντο τῇ νυκτὶ φονεῦσαι τὸν βασιλέα. ἡ δὲ Ζωὴ μετὰ τοῦ βασιλέως καθεύδουσα καὶ τὴν ταραχὴν ἀκούσασα, διὰ τῆς θυρίδος προβλεψαμένη αὐτοὺς κατεσίγησεν. ὡς δὲ τὸ δεινὸν ἔγνω τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς ἣν ἐμελέτησαν, ἐξύπνισεν τὸν βασιλέα, ὃς παρευθὺ εἰσελθὼν εἰς πλοῖον διεπέρασεν εἰς Πηγάς, ἐάσας Ζαούτζαν καὶ πάντας ἐκεῖσε. καὶ πρωῒ τάχιον εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ παλάτιον, ἐξεώσας Ἰωάννην δρουγγάριον τῆς βίγλας, καὶ προβαλόμενος Πάρδον υἱὸν Νικολάου ἑταιριάρχου ἀντ' αὐτοῦ· ὁ γὰρ Νικόλαος οὗτος συμφιλιωθεὶς τῷ βασιλεῖ κατάδηλα ἐποίει αὐτῷ πάντα τὰ τοῦ Ζαούτζα. καὶ ἔκτοτε οὐκ εἰσήρχετο ὁ βασιλεὺς εἰς τὸ κελλίον τοῦ Ζαούτζα, ἕως ἂν Λέων μάγιστρος ὁ Θεοδοτάκης διήλλαξεν αὐτούς. Τελευτᾷ δὲ Θεοφανὼ Αὐγοῦστα βασιλεύσασα ἔτη δώδεκα, ἣν οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ἡμέρας ἀνέδειξεν ὁ θεὸς θαυματουργὸν διὰ τὸ ἀζηλότυπον αὐτῆς καὶ ἀμνησίκακον καὶ διὰ τὸ ἐν ἐλεημοσύναις καὶ προσευχαῖς ἀδιαλείπτως προσκαρτερεῖν τῷ θεῷ καὶ ταῖς ἁγίαις ἐκκλησίαις. στέφει δὲ Λέων ὁ βασιλεὺς Ζωὴν τὴν θυγατέρα Ζαούτζα, καὶ εὐλογεῖται μετ' αὐτῆς παρὰ κληρικοῦ τοῦ παλατίου, ᾧ ἐπίκλην Σινάπης. καὶ ὁ μὲν εὐλογήσας καθῃρέθη, ἡ δὲ ἐβασίλευσεν ἔτος ἓν μῆνας ὀκτώ. τελευτησάσης δὲ τῆς αὐτῆς Ζωῆς λάρνακα ἐφεῦρεν εἰς τὸ ἀποτεθῆναι τὸ σῶμα αὐτῆς, ἔχουσα ἔνδοθεν γράμματα κεκο271 λαμμένα γραφέντα οὕτως "θυγάτηρ Βαβυλῶνος ἡ ταλαίπωρος." ∆ιεβλήθησαν δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως Λέων τε ὁ Μουσικὸς καὶ ὁ Σταυράκιος ὡς ὅτι παρὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν καὶ ὀφφικιαλίων λαμβάνοντες δῶρα καὶ μεσιτεύοντες πρὸς τὸν βασιλεοπάτορα. καί ποτε εἰσελθόντος τοῦ Σταυρακίου μετὰ γράμματος πρὸς τὸν Ζαούτζαν, ὡς εἶδεν αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἑστὼς ἐν τῷ ἡλιακῷ, εἰσῆλθεν ὄπισθεν αὐτοῦ, καὶ κρατήσας αὐτὸν ἐκ τοῦ τένοντος ἐξήγαγεν ἔξω, ὡς δῆθεν ἐρωτήσων περὶ τῶν στρατηγῶν. καὶ εἰς τὸ Μονόθυρον ἀγαγὼν καὶ τὰ γράμματα ἄρας καὶ ἀποσφενδονήσας παρέδωκεν τοῖς παρατυχοῦσι ἐξαγαγεῖν τοῦ παλατίου, διορισάμενος ἀποκεῖραι αὐτόν. μαθὼν δὲ τοῦτο ὁ Μουσικὸς ἐν ἀπογνώσει γέγονεν. εἰσελθὼν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔνθα ἵστατο ὁ Μουσικὸς παρεστὼς τῷ Ζαούτζᾳ, τοῦτον ἐπὶ τράχηλον ὠθήσας ἐξάγαγεν, παραδοὺς Χριστοφόρῳ κοιτωνίτῃ ἐν τοῖς Στουδίου ἀπαγαγεῖν καὶ μοναχὸν ποιῆσαι. μετ' ὀλίγον δὲ τελευτᾷ Ζαούτζας ἐν τῷ παλατίῳ· καὶ τοῦτον διὰ Βουκολέοντος καταγαγόντες ἀπήγαγον ἐν τῇ μονῇ τοῦ Καυλέα,