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they knew him at a wedding; for otherwise they themselves would have come and called upon him, having found themselves in need. For this reason he says: My hour has not yet come. I am not yet known to those present, nor do they even know that the wine has run out. Let them first become aware of this. For it was not fitting for me to hear these things from you. For you are my mother, and you make the miracle suspect. But it was fitting for those in need to come and ask, not because I need this, but so that they themselves might receive what was happening with much acceptance. For he who knows that he is in need, when he obtains what he asks for, has much gratitude; but he who has no sense of the need will also not have a clear and plain sense of the benefit. And for what reason, he says, having said, My hour has not yet come, and having refused, did he do what his mother said? Chiefly, so that for those who contradict and think him to be subject to an hour, it might be a sufficient proof that he is not subject to an hour. For if he were subject, how could he have done what he did when the proper hour had not yet come? Then also, honoring his mother, so that he might not seem to contradict her in everything, so that he might not get a reputation for weakness, so that he might not shame the one who bore him, when so many were present; for she had also brought the servants to him. Since also to the Canaanite woman, saying, It is not good to take the children's bread and give it to the dogs, he gave it after he said this, respecting her persistence. And yet with that he also said this, that I was not sent except to the lost sheep of the house of Israel; but nevertheless, even after saying these things, he healed the woman's little daughter. B. From this we learn that even if we are unworthy, often by persistence we make ourselves worthy to receive. For this reason his mother both persisted and wisely brought the servants, so that the request might come from several people. For this reason she also added, Whatever he says to you, do it. For she knew that the refusal was not from weakness, but from humility, and from not wishing to seem to simply rush himself 59.135 into the miracle; wherefore she also brought the servants. Now there were six stone water jars standing there, for the Jewish rites of purification, each holding two or three measures. Jesus says to them: Fill the jars with water. And they filled them to the brim. He did not say simply, For the Jewish rites of purification, but so that none of the unbelievers might suspect that, when some dregs remained inside, then after water was added and mixed, a very thin wine was made. For this reason he says, For the Jewish rites of purification, showing that those vessels had never been containers for wine. For since Palestine is arid, and it was not possible to find fountains and springs in many places, they would always fill the jars with water, so that they would not have to run to rivers, if ever they became unclean. but to have the means of purification nearby. And why, then, before they filled them, did he not perform the sign, which would have been much more wonderful? For it is one thing to change an underlying substance into a quality, and another to make the substance itself out of nothing; for that would have been more wonderful. But it would not have seemed so believable to the many. For this reason, then, he often willingly curtails the magnitude of his miracles, so that they may be more readily accepted. And for what reason, he says, did he not produce the water himself, and then show the wine, but commanded the servants? For the same reason again, and so that he might have as witnesses of what was happening those who drew the water, and that what was accomplished was no illusion. For if any were going to be shameless, those who had served could say to them: We drew the water. And in addition to what has been said, he also overturns the dogmas that spring up against the Church. For since there are some who say that the creator of the world is another, and that the things that are seen are not his works, but of some other, contrary god; and silencing the madness of these, he thus performs the greater part of his miracles from underlying substances. For if the creator were contrary to him, he would not have used what belonged to another for the demonstration of his own power. Now, however, showing that he is the one in the vines

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γάμῳ αὐτὸν ᾔδεισαν· ἦ γὰρ ἂν αὐτοὶ προσῆλθον καὶ παρεκάλεσαν, ἐν χρείᾳ καταστάντες. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου. Οὐδέπω γνώριμός εἰμι τοῖς παροῦσιν, ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ἴσασιν ὅτι ὑστέρησεν ὁ οἶνος. Ἔασον αὐτοὺς αἰσθέσθαι τοῦτο πρῶτον. Οὐδὲ γὰρ παρὰ σοῦ ταῦτά με ἀκούειν ἐχρῆν. Μήτηρ γὰρ εἶ, καὶ τὸ θαῦμα ὕποπτον ποιεῖς. Ἐχρῆν δὲ τοὺς δεομένους προσελθεῖν, καὶ δεηθῆναι, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ τούτου χρῄζω, ἀλλ' ἵνα αὐτοὶ τὸ γινόμενον μετὰ πολλῆς δέξωνται τῆς συγκαταθέσεως. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ εἰδὼς ὅτι ἐν χρείᾳ καθέστηκεν, ἐπειδὰν τύχῃ ὧνπερ αἰτεῖ, πολλὴν ἔχει τὴν χάριν· ὁ δὲ τῆς χρείας μὴ λαβὼν αἴσθησιν, οὐδὲ τῆς εὐεργεσίας σαφῆ καὶ τρανὴν αἴσθησιν λήψεται. Καὶ τίνος, φησὶν, ἕνεκεν εἰπὼν, Οὔπω ἥκει ἡ ὥρα μου, καὶ παραιτησάμενος, ἔπραξεν ὅπερ εἶπεν ἡ μήτηρ; Μάλιστα μὲν, ὥστε καὶ τοῖς ἀντιλέγουσι, καὶ ὥρᾳ αὐτὸν ὑποκεῖσθαι νομίζουσιν, ἱκανὴν γενέσθαι ἀπόδειξιν τοῦ μὴ ὑποκεῖσθαι αὐτὸν ὥρᾳ. Εἰ γὰρ ὑπέκειτο, πῶς ἂν τῆς προσηκούσης ὥρας μὴ παραγενομένης ἔπραξεν ἂν ὅπερ ἔπραξεν; Ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τιμῶν τὴν μητέρα, ἵνα μὴ διαπαντὸς ἀντιλέγειν αὐτῇ δόξῃ, ἵνα μὴ ἀσθενείας λάβῃ δόξαν, ἵνα μὴ αἰσχύνῃ τὴν τεκοῦσαν, παρόντων τοσούτων· καὶ γὰρ προσήγαγεν αὐτῷ τοὺς διακόνους. Ἐπεὶ καὶ τῇ Χαναναίᾳ λέγων, Οὐκ ἔστι καλὸν λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον τῶν τέκνων, καὶ δοῦναι τοῖς κυναρίοις, ἔδωκε μετὰ τὸ εἰπεῖν, τὴν προσεδρεία αὐτῆς αἰδεσθείς. Καίτοι γε μετ' ἐκείνου καὶ τοῦτο εἶπεν, ὅτι Οὐκ ἀπεστάλην, εἰ μὴ εἰς τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα οἴκου Ἰσραήλ· ἀλλ' ὅμως καὶ ταῦτα εἰπὼν, ἐθεράπευσε τὸ θυγάτριον τῆς γυναικός. βʹ. Ἐντεῦθεν μανθάνομεν, ὅτι κἂν ἀνάξιοι ὦμεν, πολλάκις τῇ προσεδρείᾳ ποιοῦμεν ἀξίους ἑαυτοὺς τοῦ λαβεῖν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡ μήτηρ καὶ παρέμενε, καὶ σοφῶς τοὺς διακόνους προσῆγεν, ὥστε παρὰ πλειόνων γενέσθαι τὴν αἴτησιν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ προσέθηκε τὸ, Ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν, ποιήσατε. Ἤδει γὰρ ὅτι οὐκ ἀσθενείας ἡ παραίτησις ἦν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἀκομπάστου, καὶ τοῦ μὴ δόξαι ἁπλῶς ἐπιῤῥίπτειν ἑαυτὸν 59.135 τῷ θαύματι· διὸ καὶ τοὺς διακόνους προσῆγεν. Ἦσαν δὲ ἐκεῖ ὑδρίαι λίθιναι κείμεναι ἓξ κατὰ τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, χωροῦσαι ἀνὰ μετρητὰς δύο ἢ τρεῖς. Λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Ἐμπλήσατε τὰς ὑδρίας ὕδατος. Καὶ ἐνέπλησαν ἕως ἄνω. Οὐχ ἁπλῶς εἶπεν, Κατὰ τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ἀλλ' ἵνα μή τινες τῶν ἀπίστων ὑποπτεύσωσιν, ὅτι τρυγὸς ἔνδον ἀπομεινάσης, εἶτα τοῦ ὕδατος ἐπιβληθέντος καὶ κραθέντος, οἶνος λεπτότατος γέγονε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησι, Κατὰ τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, δεικνὺς ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἐκεῖνα οἴνου γέγονε δοχεῖα τὰ σκεύη. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἄνυδρός ἐστιν ἡ Παλαιστίνη, καὶ οὐκ ἦν πολλαχοῦ κρήνας καὶ πηγὰς εὑρίσκειν, ἐπλήρουν ἀεὶ τὰς ὑδρίας ὕδατος, ὥστε μὴ τρέχειν εἰς ποταμοὺς, εἴποτε ἀκάθαρτοι γένοιντο. ἀλλ' ἐγγύθεν ἔχειν τοῦ καθαρσίου τὸν τρόπον. Καὶ τί δήποτε πρὶν ἢ γεμίσαι οὐκ ἐποίησε τὸ σημεῖον, ὃ πολλῷ θαυμαστότερον ἦν; Ἕτερον γάρ ἐστιν ὕλην ὑποκειμένην εἰς ποιότητα μεταβαλεῖν, καὶ αὐτὴν τὴν οὐσίαν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ποιῆσαι· θαυμαστότερον μὲν γὰρ ἐκεῖνο. Ἀλλ' οὐχ οὕτως ἂν ἔδοξεν εἶναι πιστὸν τοῖς πολλοῖς. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο γοῦν πολλάκις τῶν θαυμάτων περικόπτει τὸ μέγεθος ἑκὼν, ὥστε εὐπαράδεκτον μᾶλλον γενέσθαι. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐχὶ τὸ ὕδωρ αὐτὸς παρήγαγε, καὶ τότε τὸν οἶνον ἔδειξεν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς διακόνοις ἐκέλευσε; ∆ιὰ τὴν αὐτὴν πάλιν αἰτίαν, καὶ ἵνα αὐτοὺς μάρτυρας ἔχῃ τοῦ γινομένου τοὺς ἀντλήσαντας, καὶ ὅτι οὐδεμία φαντασία ἦν τὸ τελούμενον. Εἰ γὰρ ἔμελλόν τινες ἀναισχυντεῖν, ἠδύναντο πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγειν οἱ διακονησάμενοι· Ἡμεῖς τὸ ὕδωρ ἠντλήσαμεν. Πρὸς δὲ τοῖς εἰρημένοις καὶ τὰ κατὰ τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ἀναφυόμενα δόγματα ἀνατρέπει. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ εἰσί τινες οἳ τοῦ κόσμου δημιουργὸν ἕτερον εἶναί φασι, καὶ οὐκ αὐτοῦ ἔργα τὰ ὁρώμενα, ἀλλ' ἑτέρου τινὸς ἐναντίου θεοῦ· καὶ τούτων ἐπιστομίζων τὴν μανίαν, οὕτω τὰ πλείονα ποιεῖ τῶν θαυμάτων ἐκ τῶν ὑποκειμένων οὐσιῶν. Εἰ γὰρ ἐναντίος ὁ δημιουργὸς ἦν αὐτῷ, οὐκ ἂν τοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἐχρήσατο πρὸς τὴν τῆς οἰκείας δυνάμεως ἐπίδειξιν. Νῦν μέντοι δεικνὺς, ὅτι αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐν ταῖς ἀμπέλοις