John Chrysostom, On Matthew

and He Himself has set it down, saying: John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon.’ The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Behold, a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners.’ And wisdom was justified by her children. But it was also necessary for the things concerning Him to be spoken first by another, and not by Himself. For if even after so many and so great testimonies and proofs they said, ‘You bear witness about yourself; your testimony is not true’; if, with John having said nothing, He had come into their midst and been the first to bear witness, what would they not have uttered? For this reason He neither preached before him, nor worked miracles, until that one fell into prison, so that the multitude would not be divided in this way. For this reason John also performed no sign, so that from this the multitude might be delivered to Jesus, the miracles drawing them to Him. For if even when so many things were arranged, both before the imprisonment and after the imprisonment, the disciples of John were jealous toward Him; and the multitudes suspected not Him, but John, to be the Christ; if none of these things had happened, what would not have occurred? For this reason Matthew also points out that 'from that time He began to preach'; and beginning the preaching, what that one preached, this He also taught, and as yet the preaching which He preached says nothing about Himself. For for the time being it was desirable that this be accepted, since they did not yet have the fitting opinion concerning Him. 2. For this reason also at the beginning He puts forward nothing burdensome 57.219 and heavy, as that one did, mentioning the axe, and the tree being cut down, and the winnowing fork and the threshing floor and the unquenchable fire; but He begins with good things, evangelizing the heavens and the kingdom there to His listeners. And walking by the Sea of Galilee, He saw two brothers, Simon who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea (for they were fishermen), and He says to them, ‘Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.’ And they, leaving their nets, followed Him. And yet John says that they were called in another way. From which it is clear that this was a second calling; and one might perceive this from many things. For in that place he says that they came before John was cast into prison; but here, after he fell into it. And there Andrew calls Peter; but here Jesus calls both. And John says that Jesus, seeing Simon coming, says, ‘You are Simon the son of Jonah; you shall be called Cephas,’ which is interpreted as Peter. But Matthew says that he was already called by this name; for he says, ‘Seeing Simon who is called Peter.’ And from the place where they were called, and from many other things, one might perceive this, both from their ready obedience, and from their leaving all things. For they had already been well instructed beforehand. For there Andrew is seen coming to the house and hearing many things; but here, having heard a bare word, they immediately followed. For it is likely that after following from the beginning, they left again, seeing John cast into prison and Him withdrawing, and returned again to their own craft. Thus, at any rate, He finds them fishing. But He neither hindered them when they wanted to depart at the beginning, nor did He forsake them completely when they had departed; but having given way when they sprang away, He comes again to reclaim them; which is the greatest method of fishing. But consider their faith and obedience. For being in the midst of their work (and you know how engrossing fishing is), when they heard Him commanding, they did not delay, they did not postpone, they did not say, ‘Let us return home and speak with our relatives’; but leaving all things, they followed, just as Elisha also did with Elijah. For Christ seeks such obedience from us, that we should not delay for even an instant of time, even if something of the most necessary things presses upon us. Wherefore also when another came and asked to bury his own father, He did not even permit him to do this, showing that of all things

καὶ αὐτὸς τέθεικε λέγων· Ἦλθεν Ἰωάννης μήτε ἐσθίων, μήτε πίνων, καὶ λέγουσι· ∆αιμόνιον ἔχει. Ἦλθεν ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐσθίων καὶ πίνων, καὶ λέγουσιν· Ἰδοὺ ἄνθρωπος φάγος καὶ οἰνοπότης, φίλος τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν. Καὶ ἐδικαιώθη ἡ σοφία ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῆς. Ἄλλως δὲ καὶ ἀναγκαῖον ἦν παρ' ἑτέρου πρότερον λεχθῆναι τὰ περὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ μὴ παρ' αὐτοῦ. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ μετὰ τοσαύτας καὶ τηλικαύτας μαρτυρίας τε καὶ ἀποδείξεις ἔλεγον· Σὺ μαρτυρεῖς περὶ σεαυτοῦ· ἡ μαρτυρία σου οὐκ ἔστιν ἀληθής· εἰ μηδὲν εἰρηκότος Ἰωάννου παρελθὼν εἰς μέσους πρῶτος αὐτὸς ἐμαρτύρησε, τί οὐκ ἂν ἐφθέγξαντο; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὔτε ἐκήρυξε πρὸ ἐκείνου, οὔτε ἐθαυματούργησεν, ἕως ἐνέπεσεν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἐκεῖνος, ἵνα μὴ ταύτῃ τὸ πλῆθος σχίζηται. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐδὲ σημεῖον οὐδὲν ἐποίησεν Ἰωάννης, ἵνα καὶ ἐντεῦθεν τὸ πλῆθος τῷ Ἰησοῦ παραδῷ, τῶν θαυμάτων πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἑλκόντων αὐτούς. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ τοσούτων οἰκονομηθέντων, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου, καὶ μετὰ τὸ δεσμωτήριον, ζηλοτύπως πρὸς αὐτὸν εἶχον οἱ μαθηταὶ Ἰωάννου· καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ δὲ οὐχὶ αὐτὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἰωάννην ὑπώπτευον εἶναι τὸν Χριστόν· εἰ μηδὲν τούτων ἐγένετο, τί οὐκ ἂν συνέβη; ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Ματθαῖος ἐπισημαίνεται, ὅτι ἀπὸ τότε ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν· καὶ ἀρξάμενος τὸ κήρυγμα, ὃ ἐκεῖνος ἐκήρυττε, τοῦτο καὶ αὐτὸς ἐδίδασκε, καὶ οὐδὲν οὐδέπω περὶ ἑαυτοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα ὃ ἐκήρυττε λέγει. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο τέως ἀγαπητὸν ἦν παραδεχθῆναι, ἐπεὶ μηδέπω τὴν προσήκουσαν περὶ αὐτοῦ δόξαν εἶχον. βʹ. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἀρχόμενος οὐδὲν φορτικὸν τίθησι 57.219 καὶ ἐπαχθὲς, οἷον ἐκεῖνος, ἀξίνην, καὶ δένδρον κοπτόμενον, καὶ πτύου καὶ ἅλωνος καὶ πυρὸς ἀσβέστου μνημονεύων· ἀλλὰ χρηστὰ προοιμιάζεται, τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν ἐκεῖ τοῖς ἀκούουσιν εὐαγγελιζόμενος. Καὶ περιπατῶν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας, εἶδε δύο ἀδελφοὺς, Σίμωνα τὸν ἐπικαλούμενον Πέτρον, καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν (ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς), καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· ∆εῦτε ὀπίσω μου, καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων. Οἱ δὲ ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα, ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ. Καίτοι Ἰωάννης φησὶν ἑτέρως αὐτοὺς κεκλῆσθαι. Ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι δευτέρα αὕτη ἡ κλῆσις ἦν· καὶ πολλαχόθεν τοῦτο ἄν τις συνίδοι. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γάρ φησιν, ὅτι οὔπω βληθέντος Ἰωάννου εἰς τὴν φυλακὴν προσῆλθον· ἐνταῦθα δὲ, μετὰ τὸ ἐμπεσεῖν αὐτόν. Κἀκεῖ μὲν ὁ Ἀνδρέας καλεῖ τὸν Πέτρον· ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἀμφοτέρους ὁ Ἰησοῦς. Καὶ Ἰωάννης μέν φησιν, ὅτι Ἰδὼν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τὸν Σίμωνα ἐρχόμενον, λέγει· Σὺ εἶ Σίμων ὁ υἱὸς Ἰωνᾶ· σὺ κληθήσῃ Κηφᾶς, ὃ ἑρμηνεύεται Πέτρος. Ὁ δὲ Ματθαῖός φησιν, ὅτι ἤδη τοῦτο κεκλημένος ἦν τὸ ὄνομα· Ἰδὼν γὰρ, φησὶ, Σίμωνα τὸν λεγόμενον Πέτρον. Καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου δὲ, ὅθεν ἐκλήθησαν, καὶ πολλαχόθεν ἄλλοθεν ἄν τις τοῦτο συνίδοι, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ῥᾳδίως ὑπακοῦσαι, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ πάντα ἀφεῖναι. Ἤδη γὰρ ἦσαν προπεπαιδευμένοι καλῶς. Ἐκεῖ μὲν γὰρ εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν φαίνεται ὁ Ἀνδρέας ἐρχόμενος, καὶ πολλὰ ἀκούων· ἐνταῦθα δὲ ψιλὸν ῥῆμα ἀκούσαντες, εὐθέως ἠκολούθησαν. Καὶ γὰρ εἰκὸς ἀκολουθήσαντας ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἀφεῖναι πάλιν, τόν τε Ἰωάννην ἰδόντας εἰς δεσμωτήριον ἐμπεσόντα καὶ αὐτὸν ἀναχωροῦντα, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκείαν πάλιν τέχνην ἐπανελθεῖν. Οὕτω γοῦν αὐτοὺς καὶ εὑρίσκει ἁλιεύοντας. Αὐτὸς δὲ οὔτε βουλομένους ἀναχωρῆσαι τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐκώλυσεν, οὔτε ἀναχωρήσαντας εἰς τέλος ἀφῆκεν· ἀλλ' ἐνδοὺς ὅτε ἀπεπήδησαν, ἔρχεται πάλιν αὐτοὺς ἀνακτησόμενος· ὅπερ μέγιστος τρόπος ἁλείας ἐστί. Σκόπει δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν πίστιν καὶ τὴν ὑπακοήν. Καὶ γὰρ ἐν μέσοις τοῖς ἔργοις ὄντες (ἴστε δὲ πῶς λίχνον ἡ ἁλεία), ἀκούσαντες αὐτοῦ κελεύοντος, οὐκ ἀνεβάλοντο, οὐχ ὑπερέθεντο, οὐκ εἶπον· Ὑποστρέψαντες οἴκαδε διαλεχθῶμεν τοῖς προσήκουσιν· ἀλλὰ πάντα ἀφέντες εἴποντο, καθάπερ καὶ Ἐλισσαῖος ἐπὶ Ἠλίου ἐποίησε. Τοιαύτην γὰρ ὁ Χριστὸς ὑπακοὴν ζητεῖ παρ' ἡμῶν, ὥστε μηδὲ ἀκαριαῖον ἀναβάλλεσθαι χρόνον, κἂν σφόδρα τι τῶν ἀναγκαιοτάτων ἡμᾶς κατεπείγῃ. ∆ιὸ καὶ ἕτερόν τινα προσελθόντα καὶ ἀξιοῦντα θάψαι τὸν ἑαυτοῦ πατέρα, οὐδὲ τοῦτο ποιῆσαι ἀφῆκε, δεικνὺς ὅτι πάντων