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divinity. If, therefore, both the activity and the power is one, how is it possible to suppose a difference of nature, in whom we find no difference at all in power and in activity.

It is entirely necessary to confess that the will is also suitable and proper to the nature; and if they were dissimilar in nature, their wills would also always be dissimilar. But since the power in each is sufficient, neither will fail in the fulfillment of its own will. Therefore, if we see the activities performed by the Father and the Holy Spirit differing from one another, we conjecture from the difference of the activities that the operating natures are also different. For it is not possible for things that differ in their principle of nature to be united in the kind of their activities, neither does fire cool, nor does ice heat. But with the difference of natures, the activities from them are also separated from one another.

Of Cyril. For things that have received the same nature as one another will act in the same way. (15Α_386>

But for those whose principle of being is different, the principle of their activity in all things would not be the same. Things that have the same activity, and use the same natural powers, must be of the same essence. For none of the beings, in relation to what is of a different kind and of a different essence, will bear the same powers and activities without variation. For things that have the same activity are also confessed to be of the same essence. No one in his right mind would grant that things of a different nature and different kind have the same activity. For fire would not produce one and the same effect as water; but just as they have a separate principle of essence and quality, so too they will produce a different activity. For in those in whom the activity and the power are unvaryingly one, it is necessary that the community of form also be preserved. For things that have the same activity tend also to be of the same essence, and what is of a different nature among them is incredible. For we will surely not grant one natural activity to God and creature, so that we neither elevate what is made to the divine essence, nor lower the excellence of the divine nature to the mode befitting 0285 created things. For things that have one activity will also bear one and the same principle of being.

Of Saint Ambrose, bishop of Milan, from the second discourse to the emperor Gratian.

For how is the same activity from a different essence? For the lesser does not act in the same way as the greater acts. For where there is a different essence, it is impossible for one activity to exist.

Of Saint Basil, from the Syllogisms against Eunomius. The one who acts is one thing, and the activity is another, and another (15Α_388> the

effect, and these differ very much from one another. For the one who acts is the one who is moved to do something. Activity, on the other hand, is, as it were, the active motion, and the impulse itself, as one might say, of the will, which is directed and inclined toward doing something, and which is stopped and ceases at the same time as the choice, and which is moved more quickly and passes by. And effects are the things that are accomplished and subsist from this.

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θεότητι. Εἰ οὖν καί ἐνέργεια καί δύναμις μία, πῶς ἐστιν ἑτερότητα φύσεως ὑπονοῆσαι, ἐν οἷς οὐδεμία κατά τήν δύναμίν τε καί τήν ἐνέργειαν διαφοράν ἐξευρίσκομεν.

Πᾶσα ἀνάγκη κατάλληλον εἶναι καί οἰκείαν ὁμολογεῖν τῇ φύσει καί τήν προαίρεσιν· καί εἰ ἀνομοίως ἔχοιεν κατά τήν φύσιν, ἀνόμοια ἀεί εἶναι καί τά θελήματα. Τῆς δέ δυνάμεως ἐφ᾿ ἑκατέρων ἱκανῶς ἐχούσης, οὐδ᾿ ἕτερον ἀτονήσει πρός τήν ἐκπλήρωσιν τοῦ ἰδίου θελήματος. Οὐκοῦν ἐάν ἴδωμεν διαφερούσας ἀλλήλων τάς ἐνερεγείας τάς παρά τοῦ Πατρός τε καί τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐνεργουμένας, διαφόρους εἶναι καί τάς ἐνεργούσας φύσεις ἐκ τῆς ἑτερότητος τῶν ἐνεργειῶν στοχαζόμεθα. Οὐ γάρ ἐνδέχεται τά διεστῶτα κατά τόν τῆς φύσεως λόγον, πρός τό τῶν ἐνεργειῶν εἶδος συνενεχθῆναι, οὔτε ψύχει τό πῦρ, οὔτε θερμαίνει ὁ κρύσταλλος. Ἀλλά τῇ τῶν φύσεων ἑτερότητι, συνδιαχωρίζονται ἀπ' ἀλλήλων καί αἱ παρά τούτων ἐνέργειαι.

Κυρίλλου. Ἐνεργήσει γάρ ὁμοίως, τά τήν αὐτήν ἀλλήλοις λαχόντα φύσιν. (15Α_386>

Οἷς δέ ὁ τοῦ πῶς εἶναι λόγος ἐξηλλαγμένος, τούτοις ἄν εἴη, καί ὁ τῆς ἐφ᾿ ἅπασιν ἐνεργείας λόγος, οὐχ ὁ αὐτός. Τά τήν αὐτήν ἐνέργειαν ἔχοντα, καί ταῖς αὐταῖς δυνάμεσι φυσικαῖς ἀποκεχρημένα, τῆς αὐτῆς εἶναι οὐσίας ἀνάγκη. Οὐδέν γάρ τῶν ὄντων πρός τό ἑτερογενές καί ἑτεροούσιον, τάς αὐτάς ἀπαραλλάκτως φορέσει δυνάμεις τε καί ἐνεργείας. Τά γάρ τῆς αὐτῆς ἐνεργείας ὄντα, καί τῆς αὐτῆς οὐσίας ὁμολόγηται. Τά ἑτεροφυῆ καί ἑτερογενῆ τήν αὐτήν ἐνέργειαν ἔχειν, οὐκ ἄν τις δῴη σωφρονῶν. Οὐ γαρ ἄν ὕδατι πῦρ ἕν τι καί ταυτόν ἐνεργήσειεν· ἀλλ᾿ ὥσπερ ἀπεσχοινισμένον ἔχουσι τῆς οὐσίας καί τῆς ποιότητος τόν λόγον, οὕτω καί διάφορον συναποδώσουσι τήν ἐνέργειαν. Οἷς γάρ ἡ ἐνέργεια καί ἡ δύναμις ἀπαραλλάκτως μία, τούτοις ἀνάγκη καί τήν τοῦ εἴδους κοινότητα σώζεσθαι. Φιλεῖ γάρ τά τήν αὐτήν ἐνέργειαν ἔχοντα, τῆς αὐτῆς ὑπάρχειν καί οὐσίας, καί τό ἑτεροφυές ἐν τούτοις ἀπίθανον. Οὐ γάρ δήπου μίαν εἶναι φυσικήν ἐνέργειαν δώσομεν Θεοῦ καί ποιήματος, ἵνα μήτε τό ποιηθέν εἰς τήν θείαν ἀναγάγωμεν οὐσίαν, μήτε μήν τῆς θείας φύσεως τό ἐξαίρετον, εἰς τόν τοῖς 0285 γεννητοῖς πρέποντα καταγάγωμεν τρόπον. Τά γάρ μίαν ἔχοντα τήν ἐνέργειαν, ἕνα καί τόν αὐτόν τοῦ πῶς εἶναι φορέσει λόγον.

Τοῦ ἁγίου Ἀμβροσίου ἐπισκόπου Μεδιολάνων, ἐκ τοῦ πρός Γρατιανόν τόν

βασιλέα δευτέρου λόγου. Πῶς γάρ ἡ αὐτή ἐνέργεια, ἐκ διαφόρου οὐσίας ἐστί; Μή γάρ οὕτως ἡ ἥττων

ἐνεργεῖ, ὥσπερ ἡ μείζων ἐνεργεῖ. Ἔνθα γάρ διάφορος οὐσία ἐστίν, ἀδύνατον μίαν ἐνέργειαν ὑπάρχειν.

Τοῦ ἁγίου Βασιλείου, ἐκ τῶν κατά Εὐνομίου συλλογισμῶν. Ἕτερόν ἐστιν ὁ ἐνεργήσας, καί ἕτερον ἡ ἐνέργεια, καί ἕτερον (15Α_388> τό

ἐνέργημα, καί ταῦτα πλεῖστον ἀλλήλων διέστηκεν. Ὁ ἐνεργῶν γάρ ἐστιν ὁ πρός τό ἐνεργῆσαί τι κινούμενος. Ἐνέργεια δέ, οἱονεί κίνησις ἡ ἐνεργητική, καί αὐτή ἡ ὁρμή ὡς ἄν τις εἴποι τῆς προαιρέσεως, ἡ πρός τό ἐνεργῆσαί τι συντεινομένη καί νεύουσα, καί ἅμα τῷ ἑλέσθαι πεπαυμένη καί λήγουσα, καί θᾶττον κινηθεῖσα καί παραδραμοῦσα. Ἐνεργήματα δέ, τά ἐκ ταύτης ἀποτελούμενά τε καί ὑφιστάμενα.