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its emanation. He says, therefore, that they conceived such things having perceived that most of the visions and revelations that mystically happened to the saints in the scriptures both occurred and appeared in light and through light; and a sign of their conceiving the essence of God to be of such a nature (p. 434) from such things is their positing contemplative virtue and a contemplative man to be he who always encounters and communes with such lights. And how, O best of men, does one who posits the contemplative man to be such a person think that the essence of God is such a light? For no one has ever defined a contemplative man among us as one who might see the essence of God. If, therefore, the contemplative man does not see the essence of God, but they, according to you, call contemplative the one who sees whatever light you wish, they have clearly shown that they opine that the essence of God is not such a light as they claim the contemplative man, as they call him, sees. Thus wickedness is easily refuted, in many ways turning back on itself and, as it were, not even sparing itself but always proceeding against itself, being entirely inconsistent with itself. Thus also the elders, aged in wickedness, unwillingly showed Susanna to be innocent, although they were three, and each was questioned separately by the wisdom of the then-child Daniel, raised up by God; it is not surprising if they did not agree with one another. But this man, unable to be consistent even with himself, being one person, and proposing these slanders in reflection and through writing, how much has he surpassed them.

But even if the sign, which he put forward against the hesychasts from the very beginning as if to convict them as the most heterodox of men who ever lived, has turned out to be proof of their orthodoxy, he has yet indulged himself, giving his argument room to vent what was swollen with vexation in his soul. For this, it seems, was what caused him intense grief and stirred up his madness against these men: that they did not deign to call him contemplative, nor any other (p. 436) of those who study Hellenic education throughout their life, but have devoted not even a short time to prayer and psalmody and abstinence from the passions and the practice of the virtues. Driven mad, therefore, in this way and for these reasons, he hides his passion in the recesses of his heart, and fawningly beguiles the more simple, just as they say the serpent once did to Eve, and first he learns from some certain of the patristic traditions, and then, having done evil, he distorts them. And since he did not have them convinced either, but imitating the new Adam for our sake rather than the old one, he proceeds first against them and through them against all those who embrace hesychia, not even sparing those before us from accusation, nor those venerated as saints by the Church, but rather even against them, because they also committed to writing things that do not testify to what is best of all according to him. And so that the slanders against those men, with whom he first conversed as if desiring to be a disciple and through whom he attacked the others, might have sufficient credibility, he was showing written things, before he with his own hands tore to pieces as untrue what had been taught to him by them, as he then said. He therefore showed these things then to us as well. Now, in them there was no interpretation or mention of prophetic revelations, and not one word about the essence of God, but that it is not the polymath who is familiar with God, but the one who through virtue has been purified of the passions and through constant and pure prayer cleaves to God and through these things attains assurance and tastes the good things to come, which they honored with more divine names as a mystical pledge, as far as was possible. The evil-doing in those matters was therefore not enough for him; for in place of the teachings, he himself said that they said the divine Scripture was completely useless and (p. 438) the knowledge of beings was evil and the passions were demons co-essential with the soul and certain other things

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αὐτῆς ἀπόρροιαν˙ φησί τοίνυν τοιαῦθ᾿ ὑπολαβεῖν ἐκεί΄νους κατιδόντας, ὡς αἱ πλεῖσται τῶν ἐν τοῖς λογίοις μυστικῶς γενομένων τοῖς ἁγίοις ὁράσεών τε καί ἀποκαλύψεων ἐν φωτί τε καί διά φωτός ἐγίγνοντό τε καί ἐφαίνοντο καί ἐφαίνοντο˙ σημεῖον δέ τοῦ τοιαύτην (σελ. 434) ἐκ τῶν τοιούτων τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ὑπολαβεῖν τό θεωρητικήν ἀρετήν καί θεωρητικόν ἄνδρα τοῦτον τίθεσθαι αὐτούς, ὅς τοιούτοις ἀεί φωσίν ἐντυγχάνει τε καί ὁμιλεῖ. Καί πῶς, ὦ βέλτιστε, ὁ τόν θεωρητικόν τοιοῦτον τιθέμενος φῶς τοιοῦτον οἴεται τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ; Οὐ γάρ θεωρητικόν τῶν παρ᾿ ἡμῖν ἀνδρῶν ὡρίσατό ποτέ τις, ὅς ἄν ὁρῴη τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἰ τοίνυν ὁ θεωρητικός οὐχ ὁρᾷ τήν οὐσίαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, θεωρητικόν δ᾿ ἐκεῖνοι κατά σέ λέγουσι τόν φῶς οἱονδήποτε βούλει βλέποντα, δηλοῖ γεγόνασι δοξάζοντες ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ φῶς τοιοῦτον, οἷον ἰσχυρίζονται τόν θεωρητικόν ὅν φασιν ὁρᾶν. Οὕτως εὐεξέλεγκτον ἡ κακία, πολυτρόπως ἑαυτήν περιτρέπουσα καί μηδ᾿ ἑαυτῇς ὥσπερ φειδομένη ἀλλά καθ᾿ ἑαυτῆς ἀεί χωροῦσα τῷ παντάπασιν ὑπάρχειν ἑαυτῇ ἀνακόλουθος. Οὕτω καί Σωσάνναν ἀθῷον ἄκοντες οἱ ἐν κακίᾳ γηραλέοι ἔδειξαν πρεσβύτεροι, καίτοι τρεῖς ὄντες οὖτοι, καί παρά τῆς ὑπό Θεοῦ ἐγηγερμένης σοφίας τοῦ τότε παιδαρίου ∆αλιήλ χωρίς ἐτασθέντες ἕκαστος, οὐ θαυμαστόν εἰ μή συνεφώνησαν ἀλλήλοις. Οὗτος δέ, ὁ μηδ᾿ ἑαυτῷ ἑνί ὄντι ἕπεσθαι δυνάμενος, καί ταῦτ᾿ ἐν σκέψει καί διά γραμμάτων τάς συκοφαντίας προτιθείς, ὅσον ἐκείνους παρελήλυθεν.

Οὐ μήν ἀλλ᾿ εἰ καί τό σημεῖον, ὅ προὐβάλετο κατά τῶν ἡσυχαζόντων τήν ἀρχήν εὐθύς ὡς τῶν πώποτε ἀνθρώπων κακοδοξοτάτους ἐλέγξων, τεκμήριον τῆς αὐτῶν ὀρθοδοξίας ἀναπέφηνεν, ἀλλ᾿ ἑαυτῷ χαρισάμενός ἐστι, χώραν δούς ὑπό τοῦ λόγου διαπνεῦσαι τό οἰδοῦν ὑπ᾿ ἀνίας τῆς ψυχῆς. Τοῦτο γάρ ἦν, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὅ τήν σφοδράν λύπην ἐνεποίησεν αὐτῷ καί τήν κατά τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων ὑπεκίνησε μανίαν ὅτι μή θεωρητικόν καλεῖν αὐτόν ἠξίουν, μηδ᾿ ἄλλον δή τινα (σελ. 436) τῶν τήν μέν ἑλληνικήν παιδείαν διά βίου ἐκμελετώντων, προσευχῇ δέ καί ψαλμῳδία καί τῇ τῶν παθῶν ἀποχῇ καί τῇ τῶν ἀρετῶν ἐργασίᾳ σχολασάντων μηδέ πρός βραχύ. Μανείς τοίνυν οὕτω καί διά ταῦτα, κρύπτει μέν ἐν μυχοῖς καρδίας τό πάθος, ὑπέρχεται δέ τούς ἁπλουστέρους σαίνων, ὥσπερ ποτέ τόν ὄφιν φασί τήν Εὔαν, καί μανθάνει μέν πρῶτον παρ᾿ ἐνίων ἔστιν ἄς τῶν πατερικῶν παραδόσεων, διαστρέφει δ᾿ ἔπειτα κακουργήσας˙ ὡς δ᾿ οὐκ εἶχε καί αὐτούς πειθομένους, ἀλλά τόν δι᾿ ἡμᾶς νέον Ἀδάμ μᾶλλον ἤ τόν παλαιόν μιμουμένους, κατ᾿ ἐκείνων πρώτων χωρεῖ καί δι᾿ αὐτῶν κατά πάντων τῶν τήν ἡσυχίαν ἀσπαζομένων, οὐδέ τούς πρό ἡμῶν ἀφιείς αἰτίας, οὐδέ τούς ὑπό τῆς Ἐκκλησίας ὡς ἁγίους πρεσβευομένους, ἀλλά καί κατ᾿ αὐτῶν μᾶλλον, ὅτι καί Γραφαῖς ἔδωκαν τά μή τοῖς κατ᾿ αὐτόν μαρτυροῦντα τό πάντων ἄριστον. Ἵνα δέ καί πίστιν ἱκανήν αἱ κατά τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἐκείνων ἔχωσι διαβολαί, οἷς πρώτοις ὡμίλησεν ὡς μαθητιῶν καί δι᾿ ὧν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐπέθετο, γεγραμμένα ὑπεδείκνυ, πρίν ἤ χερσίν οἰκείαις ὡς οὐκ ἀληθῆ κατακερματίσαι τά ὑπ᾿ ἐκείνων αὐτῷ δεδιδαγμένα, ὡς τότε ἔλεγεν. Ἔδειξεν οὖν τότε ταῦτα καί ἡμῖν. Ἤν οὖν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἑρμηνεία τῶν προφητικῶν ἀποκαλύψεων ἤ μνήμη οὐδεμία, περί τε οὐσίας Θεοῦ ρῆμα οὐδέ ἕν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι οὐχ ὁ πολυμαθής ἐστιν ὁ τῷ Θεῷ ὠκειωμένος, ἀλλ᾿ ὁ δι᾿ ἀρετῆς κεκαθαρμένος τῶν παθῶν καί διά προσευχῆς ἐκτενοῦς καί καθαρᾶς τῷ Θεῷ κολλώμενος καί διά τούτων τυγχάνων τῆς πληροφορίας καί γευόμενος τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν, ἥν ὡς ἀρραβῶνα μυστικόν θειοτέροις ὀνόμασι κατά τό ἐγχωροῦν ἐτίμων. Οὐκ ἤρκεσεν οὖν αὐτῷ ἡ ἐν ἐκείνοις κακουργία˙ καί γάρ ἀντί τῶν μαθημάτων τήν θείαν Γραφήν αὐτός ἔλεγεν εἰπεῖν αὐτούς ἀνόνητον παντάπασι καί (σελ. 438) τήν γνῶσιν τῶν ὄντων πονηρά καί τά πάθη δαίμονας συνουσιωμένους τῇ ψυχῇ καί ἕτερ᾿ ἄττα