John Chrysostom, On John

the master of the feast, and the bridegroom. How then did He manifest His glory? As for His part. But even if not then, yet later all were to hear of the miracle; for even to this day it is celebrated, and has not been forgotten. For that not all knew on that day is clear from what follows. For after saying, He manifested His glory, he added, And His disciples believed in Him, who even before this had marveled at Him. Do you see that it was most necessary to perform the signs at that time, when those who were well-disposed and attentive to what was happening were clearly present? For these were likely both to believe more easily, and to pay close attention to the events. And how could He have become known without the signs? Because both teaching is sufficient and prophecy and the miracle to implant in the souls of the hearers, so that they pay attention to the events with a predisposition, the soul being already prepared. For this reason, indeed, the evangelists say in many other places that He performed no sign, because of the boorishness of the people dwelling there. And after this He went down to Capernaum, He and His mother, and His brothers and His disciples; and they were there not many days. For what reason then does He come to Capernaum with His mother? For He worked no miracle there, nor were the inhabitants of that city among those who were well-disposed toward Him, but were even of those who were exceedingly corrupt. And Christ showed this by saying: And you, Capernaum, who are exalted to heaven, shall be brought down to Hades. For what reason then does He come? It seems to me, since He was about to go up to Jerusalem a little later, for this reason He went away then, so as not to drag His brothers and mother everywhere. So after departing and spending a little time for the honor due to His mother, He thus again takes up His miracles, having restored her who had given Him birth. For this reason he says that not after many days He went up to Jerusalem. Therefore He was baptized a few days before the Passover. And having gone up to Jerusalem, what does He do? An act full of great authority. For He cast out those merchants, the money-changers, those selling doves and oxen and sheep, and lingering there for this purpose. 2. And one evangelist says that as He was casting them out He said, Do not make My Father’s house a den of robbers; but this one says, a house of merchandise, not speaking in opposition to each other, but showing that He did this a second 59.140 time, and that both did not happen at the same time, but that now He does this in the beginning, and now again when He came to His Passion, He does this. For which reason also, using stronger words, He called it a den here; but in the beginning of the signs not so, but He used a more restrained rebuke; whence it is likely He did this a second time. And for what reason, he says, has Christ done this very thing, and used such severity against them, which He is nowhere seen to do, even when insulted, reviled, and called a Samaritan and one who has a demon by them? For He was not content with words only, but also took a scourge and so cast them out. But the Jews, when others are receiving benefits, complain and become savage; but when it was likely that they would be enraged at being rebuked, they do not use such a manner toward Him. For they did not rebuke Him, nor insult Him; but what do they say? What sign do You show us, that You do these things? Do you see the excess of malice, and how the good deeds done to others provoked them more? At one time, then, He said the temple had become a den of robbers by them, showing that the things being sold were from theft, and plunder and greed, and they were enriching themselves from the misfortunes of others; at another time, a house of merchandise, indicating their shameless profiteering. But for what reason has He done this? Since He was about to heal on the Sabbath, and to do many such things, which seemed to them to be a transgression of the law; lest He should seem to do these things as some adversary of God and one come in opposition to the Father, He from this point makes a correction of such a suspicion of theirs. For one who showed so much zeal for the house,

ἀρχιτρίκλινος, καὶ ὁ νυμφίος. Πῶς οὖν ἐφανέρωσε τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ; Τό γε αὐτοῦ μέρος. Εἰ δὲ καὶ μὴ τότε, ἀλλ' ὕστερον ἔμελλον τὸ θαῦμα ἀκούσεσθαι ἅπαντες· μέχρι γὰρ τοῦ νῦν ᾄδεται, καὶ οὐ διέλαθεν. Ὅτι γὰρ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ οὐ πάντες ᾔδεσαν, ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπαγομένων δῆλον. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Ἐφανέρωσε τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, ἐπήγαγε· Καὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, οἱ καὶ πρὸ τούτου θαυμάζοντες αὐτόν. Ὁρᾷς ὅτι τὰ σημεῖα τότε μάλιστα ἀναγκαῖον ἦν ποιεῖν, ὅτε οἱ εὐγνώμονες καὶ προσέχοντες τοῖς γινομένοις σαφῶς παρῆσαν; Οὗτοι γὰρ ἔμελλον καὶ πιστεύειν εὐκολώτερον, καὶ μετὰ ἀκριβείας προσέχειν τοῖς γινομένοις. Καὶ πῶς ἂν ἐγένετο γνώριμος τῶν σημείων χωρίς; Ὅτι καὶ διδασκαλία ἱκανὴ καὶ προφητεία καὶ τὸ θαῦμα ἐνθεῖναι ταῖς τῶν ἀκουόντων ψυχαῖς, ὥστε μετὰ διαθέσεως προσέχειν τοῖς γινομένοις, τῆς ψυχῆς προοικειωμένης ἤδη. ∆ιά τοι τοῦτο πολλαχοῦ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ φασιν οἱ εὐαγγελισταὶ, μὴ πεποιηκέναι σημεῖον αὐτὸν, διὰ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων σκαιὸν τῶν ἐκεῖ διατριβόντων. Καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα κατέβη εἰς Καπερναοὺμ αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ μήτηρ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἦσαν ἐκεῖ οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν παραγίνεται μετὰ τῆς μητρὸς εἰς Καπερναούμ; Οὔτε γὰρ θαῦμα οὐδὲν εἰργάσατο αὐτόθι, οὔτε οἱ τὴν πόλιν οἰκοῦντες ἐκείνην τῶν ὑγιῶς πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐχόντων ἦσαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν σφόδρα διεφθαρμένων. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐδήλωσεν ὁ Χριστὸς εἰπών· Καὶ σὺ, Καπερναοὺμ, ἡ ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ὑψωθεῖσα, ἕως ᾅδου καταβιβασθήσῃ. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν παραγίνεται; Ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ἐπειδὴ μικρὸν ὕστερον ἔμελλεν ἀνιέναι εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα, διὰ τοῦτο τότε ἀπελθεῖν, ὥστε μὴ πανταχοῦ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς ἐπισύρεσθαι καὶ τὴν μητέρα. Ἀπελθὼν γοῦν καὶ ὀλίγον διατρίψας χρόνον διὰ τὴν εἰς τὴν μητέρα τιμὴν, οὕτω πάλιν ἐπιλαμβάνεται τῶν θαυμάτων, ἀποκαταστήσας τὴν γεγεννηκυῖαν. ∆ιὰ τοῦτό φησιν, ὅτι οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ἡμέρας ἀνέβη εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα. Πρὸ ὀλίγων ἄρα ἡμερῶν τοῦ Πάσχα ἐβαπτίσατο. Ἀνελθὼν δὲ εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα τί ποιεῖ; Πρᾶγμα πολλῆς αὐθεντίας γέμον. Τοὺς γὰρ καπήλους ἐκείνους, τοὺς τραπεζίτας, τοὺς τὰς περιστερὰς πωλοῦντας καὶ βόας καὶ πρόβατα, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐκεῖ διατρίβοντας, ἐξέβαλε. βʹ. Καὶ ἕτερος μὲν εὐαγγελιστής φησιν, ὅτι ἐκβάλλων ἔλεγεν· Μὴ ποιεῖτε τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Πατρός μου σπήλαιον λῃστῶν· οὗτος δέ φησιν, Οἶκον ἐμπορίου, οὐκ ἐναντίως ἀλλήλοις λέγοντες, ἀλλὰ δεικνύντες ὅτι ἐκ δευτέ 59.140 ρου τοῦτο ἐποίησε, καὶ ὅτι οὐ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ἀμφότερα γέγονεν, ἀλλὰ νῦν μὲν ἐν προοιμίοις, νῦν δὲ πρὸς αὐτὸ τὸ πάθος ἐλθὼν, τοῦτο ποιεῖ. ∆ιὸ καὶ σφοδρότερον τοῖς λόγοις χρησάμενος, σπήλαιον ἐκάλεσεν ἐνταῦθα· ἐν δὲ ἀρχῇ τῶν σημείων οὐχ οὕτως, ἀλλ' ὑφειμένῃ μᾶλλον τῇ ἐπιτιμήσει κέχρηται· ὅθεν εἰκὸς δεύτερον τοῦτο πεποιηκέναι. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, αὐτὸ τοῦτο πεποίηκεν ὁ Χριστὸς, καὶ τοσαύτῃ σφοδρότητι κέχρηται κατ' αὐτῶν, ὅπερ οὐδαμοῦ φαίνεται ποιῶν, καὶ ταῦτα ὑβριζόμενος, λοιδορούμενος, καὶ Σαμαρείτης καὶ δαιμονῶν κληθεὶς παρ' αὐτῶν; Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἠρκέσθη τοῖς λόγοις μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ φραγέλλιον λαβὼν, οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἐξέβαλεν. Οἱ δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι ἑτέρων μὲν εὐεργετουμένων, ἐγκαλοῦσι καὶ ἀγριαίνουσιν· ὅτε δὲ εἰκὸς ἦν ἐκθηριωθῆναι ἐπιτιμωμένους, οὐ τοιούτῳ κέχρηνται πρὸς αὐτὸν τρόπῳ. Οὐ γὰρ ἐπετίμησαν, οὐδὲ ὕβρισαν· ἀλλὰ τί φασι; Τί σημεῖον δεικνύεις ἡμῖν, ὅτι ταῦτα ποιεῖς; Ὁρᾷς βασκανίας ὑπερβολὴν, καὶ πῶς αἱ τῶν ἄλλων εὐεργεσίαι μᾶλλον αὐτοὺς παρώξυναν; Ποτὲ μὲν οὖν σπήλαιον λῃστῶν τὸν ναὸν ὑπ' αὐτῶν ἔλεγε γενέσθαι, δεικνὺς ὅτι τὰ πωλούμενα ἀπὸ κλοπῆς ἦν, καὶ ἁρπαγῆς καὶ πλεονεξίας, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἐπλούτουν συμφορῶν· ποτὲ δὲ οἶκον ἐμπορίου, τὰς ἀναισχύντους αὐτῶν καπηλείας ἐνδεικνύμενος. Ἀλλὰ τίνος ἕνεκεν τοῦτο πεποίηκεν; Ἐπειδὴ ἔμελλεν ἐν Σαββάτῳ θεραπεύειν, καὶ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα ποιεῖν, ἃ ἐδόκει παρ' αὐτοῖς τοῦ νόμου παράβασις εἶναι· ἵνα μὴ δόξῃ ὡς ἀντίθεός τις καὶ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἥκων τῷ Πατρὶ ταῦτα ποιεῖν, ἐντεῦθεν τῆς τοιαύτης ὑπονοίας αὐτῶν ποιεῖται τὴν διόρθωσιν. Οὐ γὰρ ἂν ὁ τοσοῦτον ζῆλον ἐπιδειξάμενος ὑπὲρ τοῦ οἴκου,