Chapter XVII.

Extremely foolish also is his remark, “What god, or spirit, or prudent man would not, on foreseeing that such events were to befall him, avoid them if he could; whereas he threw himself headlong into those things which he knew beforehand were to happen?”  And yet Socrates knew that he would die after drinking the hemlock, and it was in his power, if he had allowed himself to be persuaded by Crito, by escaping from prison, to avoid these calamities; but nevertheless he decided, as it appeared to him consistent with right reason, that it was better for him to die as became a philosopher, than to retain his life in a manner unbecoming one.  Leonidas also, the Lacedæmonian general, knowing that he was on the point of dying with his followers at Thermopylæ, did not make any effort to preserve his life by disgraceful means but said to his companions, “Let us go to breakfast, as we shall sup in Hades.”  And those who are interested in collecting stories of this kind will find numbers of them.  Now, where is the wonder if Jesus, knowing all things that were to happen, did not avoid them, but encountered what He foreknew; when Paul, His own disciple, having heard what would befall him when he went up to Jerusalem, proceeded to face the danger, reproaching those who were weeping around him, and endeavouring to prevent him from going up to Jerusalem?  Many also of our contemporaries, knowing well that if they made a confession of Christianity they would be put to death, but that if they denied it they would be liberated, and their property restored, despised life, and voluntarily selected death for the sake of their religion.

Σφόδρα δὲ μωρὸν καὶ τό· Τίς ἂν ἢ θεὸς ἢ δαίμων ἢ ἄνθρωπος φρόνιμος προειδὼς αὐτῷ τοιαῦτα συμβησόμενα οὐκ ἄν, εἴ γε ἐδύνατο, ἐξέκλινεν ἀλλὰ συνέπιπτεν οἷς προ ηπίστατο; Καὶ Σωκράτης γοῦν ᾔδει τὸ κώνειον πιόμενος καὶ τεθνηξόμενος καὶ ἐδύνατο, εἴπερ ἐπείσθη τῷ Κρίτωνι, ὑπεξελθὼν τὴν φυλακὴν μηδὲν τούτων παθεῖν, ἀλλ' εἵλετο κατὰ τὸ φαινόμενον αὐτῷ εὔλογον κρεῖττον αὐτῷ εἶναι φιλοσόφως ἀποθανεῖν ἢ ἀφιλοσόφως ζῆν. Ἀλλὰ καὶ Λεωνίδας ὁ Λακεδαιμονίων στρατηγὸς εἰδὼς ὅσον οὐδέπω τεθνηξόμενος μετὰ τῶν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις οὐκ ἐπραγματεύσατο τὸ ζῆσαι αἰσχρῶς, ἀλλ' εἶπε τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ· "Ἀριστήσωμεν ὡς ἐν ᾅδου δειπνοποιησόμενοι". Οἷς δὲ μέλει ἱστορίας τοιαύτας συναγαγεῖν πολλὰ εὑρήσουσι. Καὶ τί θαυμαστόν, εἰ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐπιστάμενος τὰ συμβησόμενα οὐκ ἐξέκλινεν ἀλλὰ περιέπιπτεν οἷς καὶ προηπίστατο; Ὅπου καὶ Παῦλος ὁ μαθητὴς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσας τὰ συμβησόμενα αὐτῷ ἀναβάντι εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ὁμόσε τοῖς κινδύνοις ἐχώρησεν, ἐπιπλήσσων καὶ τοῖς δεδακρυμένοις περὶ αὐτὸν καὶ κωλύουσιν ἀναβῆναι εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα. Πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν καθ' ἡμᾶς ἐπιστά μενοι, ὡς ὁμολογήσαντες μὲν χριστιανισμὸν ἀποθανοῦνται ἀρνησάμενοι δὲ ἀπολυθήσονται καὶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντα ἀπολή ψονται, κατεφρόνησαν μὲν τοῦ βίου ἑκουσίως δὲ τὸν ὑπὲρ εὐσεβείας θάνατον εἵλοντο.