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we permitted. And in this way the earthquakes and the disturbances of the city ceased. He first built a hippodrome in the city of Rome, which the Romans call a circus, for the festival of the sun, having divided Rome into four parts, in honor of the four elements, earth, sea, air, and fire. And he represents the twelve gates as the twelve houses of the zodiacal circle, the track as the whole earth, the euripus as the sea situated in the middle of the earth, the turn at the gates as the east, and the one at the sphendone as the west, the seven laps as the course of the seven planets, and the air as heaven. And he assigned these names to the parts: to the earth the green, which is verdant; to the sea the blue, as the waters are dark blue; to fire the red and to air the white. And he called the green from a metaphor of the present because it is enduring; for the verdant is always characteristic of the earth. And the blue from Venetia. And he attached to the earth 1.259 the white, that is, the air, because each requires the support of the other. Likewise he also subordinated the red to the dark blue, because fire is subject to water. And he also instituted the so-called Brumalia, just as farmers, resting after their farm work, would alternately entertain each other, celebrating and living in the fields, calling out to each other by name. But he also filled Rome with people, as it was at first lacking in citizens. And he makes a law that children should be subject to their fathers in the position of slaves; which prevails among the Romans to this day. And having ruled as sole monarch for 37 years, Romulus ends his life. He renamed the city and the nation with his own name, Romans, who were previously called Latins, and before that, Aborigines. Numa Pompilius, a Sabine, reigned after Romulus. He never waged any war, but he ordered the affairs of the city for the better, establishing civil and gentle laws, by which he made the citizens courteous and humane. He was the first to devise the year, and he established very many sanctuaries and sacred precincts of the gods. And he permitted the Vestal virgins to have the care of the fire and water, who preserved their virginity throughout their life; and if not, they were buried under stones. And he built the Capitol, which means head of the city, from its foundations. And he added two months to the year, January and Sextilis, as the year before this had been 1.260 of ten months. This man invented the wearing of the chlamys garment from the Isaurians. And he was the first to give the Romans assaria made from unmarked metal and bronze, before which they satisfied their needs with pieces of leather, wood, and pottery; which from his own name he called noumia. Thus, then, from both men the city quickly became both strong and well-ordered, the one having shaped the civil and peaceful affairs, and Romulus the military ones. And Numa, having ruled Rome for 47 years, dies of a disease. Tullus Hostilius, 32 years. This man made the city of Rome more spacious, having built a harbor and a bridge. Struck by a thunderbolt, he is consumed along with his palace. Ancus Marcius reigns in Rome for 24 years, who was the son of the daughter of Numa Pompilius. This man, having widened the wall of Rome in addition to the aforementioned, and having walled the Tiber river towards its mouths, establishes a city on the coast itself, which he named Ostia from its position, which means door, being some sixteen miles distant from Rome. This man dies of a disease. Tarquinius Priscus reigned in Rome after him, who fortified Rome with a great wall, having marked out only a certain outline of the previous one. And he constructed the underground channels through which the water from the narrow streets is channeled to the Tiber, a work most useful to the city. This man, having held power for 39 1.261 years, is killed by the sons of Marcius, the one who previously ruled Rome. Servius Tullius succeeds to the leadership, born of a woman who was noble, indeed

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ἐπετρέψαμεν. καὶ τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ οἱ σεισμοὶ καὶ αἱ ταραχαὶ τῆς πόλεως ἐπαύ σαντο. οὗτος κτίζει πρῶτον ἱππικὸν ἐν πόλει Ῥώμῃ, ὃ κερκέσιον Ῥωμαῖοι καλοῦσιν, εἰς τὴν ἑορτὴν τοῦ ἡλίου, διελὼν τὴν Ῥώμην εἰς μέρη τέσσαρα, εἰς τιμὴν τῶν τεσσάρων στοιχείων, γῆς θα λάσσης ἀέρος καὶ πυρός. τυποῖ δὲ τὰς μὲν δώδεκα θύρας τοὺς δώδεκα οἴκους τοῦ ζωδιακοῦ κύκλου, τὸ δὲ πέλμα τὴν γῆν πᾶσαν εἶναι, τὸν εὔριπον τὴν θάλασσαν ὑπὸ τῆς γῆς μεσαζομένην, τὸν δὲ ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας καμπτὸν τὴν ἀνατολήν, καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ σφενδόνῃ τὴν δύσιν, τὰ δὲ ἑπτὰ σπάτια τὸν δρόμον τῶν ἑπτὰ πλανήτων, τὸν δὲ ἀέρα οὐρανόν. καὶ ἐπέθηκε τοῖς μέρεσι τὰ ὀνόματα ταῦτα, τῇ γῇ τὸ πράσινον, ὅ ἐστι χλοῶδες, τῇ θαλάσσῃ τὸ βένετον, καθό εἰσι τὰ ὕδατα κυανᾶ, τῷ πυρὶ τὸ ῥούσιον καὶ τῷ ἀέρι τὸ λευκόν. τὸ δὲ πράσινον ἐκάλεσε ἀπὸ μεταφορᾶς τοῦ πρεσέντου διὰ τὸ εἶναι παράμονον· ἴδιον γὰρ τῆς γῆς τὸ χλοῶδες διὰ παν τός. τὸ δὲ βένετον ἀπὸ τῆς Βενετίας. καὶ προσεκόλλησε τῇ γῇ 1.259 τὸ λευκόν, τουτέστι τὸν ἀέρα, διότι ἑκάτερα τῆς ἀλλήλων συγκρά σεως δέονται. ὁμοίως καὶ τὸ ῥούσιον τῷ κυανῷ ὑπέταξε, διότι τὸ πῦρ ὑπόκειται τῷ ὕδατι. ἐπετέλεσε δὲ καὶ τὰ καλούμενα βρου μάλια, καθάπερ οἱ γεωργοὶ μετὰ τὴν γηπονίαν ἀναπαυόμενοι ἀμοι βαδὸν ἑαυτοὺς ἀπέτρεφον πανηγυρίζοντες καὶ ἀγραυλοῦντες ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀλλήλων ὀνόμασιν. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν Ῥώμην λαοῦ ἐνέπλησε, πολιτῶν τὸ πρῶτον σπανίζουσαν. καὶ νόμον τίθησι τοὺς παῖδας ἐν οἰκετῶν μοίρᾳ τοῖς πατράσιν ὑπείκειν· ὃς μέχρι τοῦ παρόντος παρὰ Ῥωμαίοις κρατύνεται. αὐταρχήσας δὲ λζʹ ἔτη Ῥωμύλος καταλύει τὸν βίον. οὗτος μετωνόμασε τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸ ἔθνος τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀνόματι Ῥωμαίους, πρότερον λεγομένους Λατίνους, πρὸ δὲ τούτου Ἀβοριγίνας. Νουμᾶς Πομπίλιος Σαβῖνος μετὰ Ῥωμύλον ἐβασίλευσε. πόλεμον μὲν οὐδένα πώποτε διῳκήσατο, τὰ δὲ κατὰ πόλιν εἰς τὸ ὠφελιμώτερον διεκόσμει, νόμους ὅτε καθιστὰς πολιτικοὺς καὶ ἡμέρους, δι' ὧν ἀστείους τε καὶ φιλανθρώπους τοὺς πολίτας ἀπειργάζετο. ἐνιαυτόν τε πρῶτος εὕρατο, ἱερά τε πλεῖστα καὶ τεμένη θεῶν ἱδρύσατο. καὶ τὰς Ἑστιάδας παρθένους τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ ὕδατος τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ἔχειν ἐπέτρεψεν, αἳ διὰ τοῦ βίου τὴν παρθενίαν ἐφύλαττον· εἰ δὲ μή, λίθοις κατεχώννυντο. καὶ τὸ Καπιτώλιον, ὅπερ κεφαλὴν πόλεως σημαίνει, ἐκ θεμελίων ᾠκο δόμησε. καὶ τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ δύο μῆνας προσέθηκε, τὸν Ἰανουάριον καὶ τὸν Σεξτίλιον, δεκαμηνιαίου τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ πρὸ τούτου χρημα 1.260 τίζοντος. οὗτος ἐκ τῶν Ἰσαύρων τὴν τῆς χλαμύδος στολὴν φο ρεῖν ἐφεύρατο. καὶ ἀσσάρια δὲ ἀπὸ ἀσήμου καὶ χαλκοῦ πεποιη μένα πρῶτος Ῥωμαίοις ἐχαρίσατο, πρὶν διὰ σκυτίνων καὶ ξυλίνων καὶ ὀστρακίνων τὴν χρείαν πληρούντων· ἅπερ ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου ὀνό ματος νουμία ἐκάλεσεν. οὕτως μὲν οὖν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων καὶ ἰσχυρὰ ταχέως καὶ εὔκοσμος ἡ πόλις ἐγένετο, τοῦ μὲν τὰ πολιτικὰ καὶ εἰρηνικὰ ἐκτυπώσαντος, τοῦ δὲ Ῥωμύλου τὰ πολεμικά. δυνα στεύσας δὲ Νουμᾶς τῆς Ῥώμης ἔτη μζʹ νόσῳ τελευτᾷ. Τοῦλλος Ὁστίλιος ἔτη λβʹ. οὗτος τὸ τῆς Ῥώμης πόλισμα εὐρύτερον κατασκευάζει, λιμένα τε καὶ γέφυραν ποιήσας. κεραυνῷ βληθεὶς αὐτοῖς ἅμα τοῖς βασιλείοις καταναλίσκεται. Ἄγκος Μαρκίων ἔτη κδʹ βασιλεύει Ῥώμης, ὃς ἐκ θυγατρὸς Νουμᾶ Πομπιλίου γέγονεν. οὗτος τὸ τῆς Ῥώμης τείχισμα πρὸς τοῖς εἰρημένοις πλατύνας, καὶ τὸν ποταμὸν Τίβεριν πρὸς ταῖς ἐκ βολαῖς τειχίσας, ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς ῥαχίας ἀνίστησι πόλιν, ἣν Ὀστίαν ἀπὸ τῆς θέσεως προσηγόρευσεν, ὃ σημαίνει θύραν, ἑκκαίδεκά που σημείοις ἀπέχουσαν Ῥώμης. οὗτος νόσῳ τελευτᾷ. Πρίσκος Ταρκύνιος Ῥώμης ἐβασίλευσε μετὰ τοῦτον, ὃς τὴν Ῥώμην τείχει μεγάλῳ ὠχύρωσε, περιγραφήν τινα μόνην τοῦ προ τέρου ἐπισημήνας. καὶ τὰς ὑπονόμους τάφρους δι' ὧν ἐπὶ τὸν Τίβεριν τὸ ἐκ τῶν στενωπῶν ὕδωρ ὀχετεύεται, ἔργον ἐς τὰ μά λιστα τῇ πόλει χρήσιμον, κατεσκεύασεν. οὗτος λθʹ ἔτη τῆς ἀρ 1.261 χῆς κρατήσας ὑπὸ τῶν Μαρκίου παίδων, τοῦ πρότερον δυνα στεύοντος τῆς Ῥώμης, ἀναιρεῖται. Σέρβιος Τούλλιος τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐκδέχεται, τεχθεὶς ἐκ γυ ναικὸς εὐγενοῦς μὲν