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Having read it, they dispersed and departed to their own cities. 4.30.1 While Athanasius was still in hiding, George, having returned to Alexandria, treated harshly the Greeks and the Christians who held opinions different from his own; for he compelled both parties to worship as he wished, and persecuted those who refused. He was hated by men of repute for despising them and giving orders to the magistrates, and by the populace for being tyrannical 4.30.2 and more powerful than anyone. The Greek element was especially angered, because he prevented them from sacrificing and celebrating their ancestral festivals, and because, having brought soldiers and the general in Egypt into the city with arms, he removed images, votive offerings, and the adornments in the temples. These things indeed later became the pretext for his assassination, as I shall presently relate. 4.30.3 When Cyril had been deposed, as has been said, Erennios took over the church of Jerusalem, and after him Heraclius, and in succession to him, Hilarius. For we have received that these men at that time administered the church there until the reign of Theodosius, at which time Cyril returned again to his own throne.

5.t.1 OF THE SAME, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, BOOK FIVE

5.1.1 And so these things happened throughout the East concerning the churches. Meanwhile

Julian the Caesar, having conquered in battle the barbarians along the Rhine river, subdued some and took others captive. And having then appeared glorious, and having become pleasing to the soldiers by his moderation and clemency, 5.1.2 he was proclaimed Augustus by them. And making no apology, as was fitting, to Constantius about this matter, he replaced the governors appointed by him, and he also deliberately showed the letters, through which, calling the barbarians against Magnentius, he had brought them against the Romans. And suddenly changing his religion, though he had previously seemed to be a Christian, he named himself high priest, frequented the temples of the Greeks, offered sacrifice, and persuaded his subjects to worship in this way. 5.1.3 And as the Persians were expected to attack the Romans, and for this reason Constantius was lingering in Syria, he, calculating that he could gain control of the Illyrian provinces without a fight, set out on the road toward them, making the pretext that he was marching toward Constantius for the sake of an apology, so that he might not seem to have willingly accepted the symbols of imperial power from the soldiers against his will. 5.1.4 It is said that when he first set foot on the borders of this region, the vines, after the harvest around the setting of the Pleiades, appeared full of unripe grapes, and the dew from the air, having been shed upon his robe and 5.1.5 those of his followers, impressed the sign of a cross with each single drop. And it seemed to him and to many who were with him that the grapes, appearing out of season, were a good omen, and that the dew had by chance so spotted the garment upon which it happened to fall. But others said that of the two signs, the one signified that the emperor would perish unseasonably like unripe grapes, and that his reign would be short-lived, and the other foretold that the doctrine of the Christians was from heaven, and that it was necessary for all to be marked with the symbol of the cross. And as it seems, those who held the opposite opinion to the emperor did not miss the truth; for in the course of time it was proved that both things had been aptly said. 5.1.6 When Constantius learned that Julian was marching against him, he abandoned his preparations against the Persians and hastened toward Constantinople, at which time, while making the journey, he died at Mopsus' Fountains, between the Cilicians and the Cappadocians near the Taurus, being about forty-five years old, of which he had reigned for thirteen with his father, 5.1.7 and twenty-five after him. When he died, Julian already held Thrace; and not long after into the

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ἀναγνόντες διελύθησαν καὶ εἰς τὰς αὐτῶν πόλεις ἀπεχώρησαν. 4.30.1 ᾿Εν τούτῳ δὲ ἔτι ᾿Αθανασίου κρυπτομένου ἐπανελθὼν Γεώργιος εἰς ᾿Αλεξάνδρειαν χαλεπῶς ἐκάκου τοὺς ῞Ελληνας καὶ τοὺς ἑτέρως αὐτῷ δοξά-ζοντας Χριστιανούς· ἑκατέρους τε γὰρ ὡς ἠβούλετο θρησκεύειν ἐβιάζετο καὶ παραιτουμένους ἤλαυνεν. ἐμισεῖτο δὲ παρὰ μὲν τῶν ἐν λόγῳ ὡς ὑπερορῶν αὐτοὺς καὶ τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἐπιτάττων, παρὰ δὲ τοῦ πλήθους ὡς τυραννικὸς 4.30.2 καὶ πλέον πάντων δυνάμενος. ἐχαλέπαινε δὲ μάλιστα τὸ ῾Ελληνικόν, ὅτι τε θύειν αὐτοὺς καὶ τὰς πατρίους ἑορτὰς ἄγειν ἐκώλυε καὶ στρατιώτας καὶ τὸν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ στρατηγὸν σὺν ὅπλοις ἐπεισαγαγὼν τῇ πόλει, εἰκόνας τε καὶ ἀναθήματα καὶ τὸν ἐν τοῖς ναοῖς κόσμον ἀφαιρούμενος. ἃ δὴ πρόφασις ὕστερον αὐτῷ ἐγένετο τῆς ἀναιρέσεως, ὡς αὐτίκα λέξω. 4.30.3 Κυρίλλου δὲ καθαιρεθέντος, ὡς εἴρηται, παραλαμβάνει τὴν ῾Ιεροσολύμων ἐκκλησίαν ᾿Ερέννιος καὶ μετ' ἐκεῖνον ῾Ηράκλειος ἐφεξῆς τε τούτου ῾Ιλάριος. τούτους γὰρ ἐν τῷ τότε τὴν ἐνθάδε ἐκκλησίαν ἐπιτροπεῦσαι παρειλήφαμεν μέχρι τῆς Θεοδοσίου βασιλείας, ἡνίκα δὴ Κύριλλος πάλιν εἰς τὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπανῆλθε θρόνον.

5.τ.1 ΤΟΥ ΑΥΤΟΥ ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑΣΤΙΚΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΟΜΟΣ ΠΕΜΠΤΟΣ

5.1.1 Καὶ τὰ μὲν ὧδε ἀνὰ τὴν ἕω περὶ τὰς ἐκκλησίας συνέβη. ἐν τούτῳ δὲ

᾿Ιουλιανὸς ὁ Καῖσαρ μάχῃ κρατήσας τῶν παρὰ τὸν ῾Ρῆνον ποταμὸν βαρ-βάρων τοὺς μὲν ἐχειρώσατο, τοὺς δὲ ἐζώγρησε. λαμπρὸς δὲ τηνικάδε φανεὶς καὶ ὑπὸ μετριότητος καὶ ἐπιεικείας κεχαρισμένος τοῖς στρατιώταις γεγονώς, 5.1.2 ἀναγορεύεται πρὸς αὐτῶν Σεβαστός. μηδὲν δὲ περὶ τούτου ὡς εἰκὸς πρὸς Κωνστάντιον παραιτησάμενος ἄρχοντας μὲν τοὺς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ χειροτονηθέντας ἤμειβεν, ἐπίτηδες δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐπιστολὰς ἐπεδείκνυ, δι' ὧν τοὺς βαρβάρους καλῶν κατὰ Μαγνεντίου εἰς ῾Ρωμαίους ἤγαγεν. ἐξαπίνης δὲ τὴν θρησκείαν μεταβαλών, πρότερον χριστιανίζειν δοκῶν, ἀρχιερέα ὠνόμαζεν ἑαυτὸν καὶ τοῖς ῾Ελλήνων ναοῖς ἐφοίτα καὶ ἔθυε καὶ τοὺς ὑπηκόους ὧδε θρησκεύειν ἔπειθε. 5.1.3 Προσδοκωμένων δὲ Περσῶν ῾Ρωμαίοις ἐπιθήσεσθαι καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Κωνσταντίου ἐν Συρίᾳ διατρίβοντος, λογισάμενος ἀμαχητὶ δύνασθαι τῶν ᾿Ιλλυριῶν κρατεῖν, εἴχετο τῆς ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ὁδοῦ, πρόφασιν ποιούμενος ὡς ἀπολογίας χάριν ἐλαύνει πρὸς Κωνστάντιον ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ ἑκὼν δόξαι πρὸς τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρὰ γνώμην αὐτοῦ τὰ σύμβολα τῆς βασιλείας 5.1.4 καταδεδέχθαι. λέγεται δὲ ἡνίκα πρῶτον τῶν τῇδε ὅρων ἐπέβη, τὰς μὲν ἀμπέλους μετὰ τρύγην ἀμφὶ τὴν τῶν πλειάδων δύσιν ὀμφάκων πλήρεις φανῆναι, τὴν δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀέρος δρόσον διαχεθεῖσαν κατὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ ἐσθῆτος καὶ 5.1.5 τῶν ἑπομένων καθ' ἑκάστην σταγόνα σταυροῦ σημεῖον ἐντυπῶσαι. ἐδόκει δὲ αὐτῷ τε καὶ πολλοῖς τῶν συνιόντων οἱ μὲν βότρυες παρὰ καιρὸν φανέντες σύμβολον εἶναι ἀγαθόν, ἡ δὲ δρόσος ἐκ παρατυχόντος ὧδε καταστίξαι τὴν ἐσθῆτα καθ' ἧς ἔτυχε πεσοῦσα. ἄλλοι δὲ ἔλεγον τοῖν συμβόλοιν τὸ μὲν ἄωρον σημαίνειν ἀπολεῖσθαι τὸν βασιλέα ὀμφάκων δίκην, καὶ ὀλιγοχρόνιον αὐτοῦ ἔσεσθαι τὴν βασιλείαν, τὸ δὲ προμηνύειν οὐράνιον εἶναι τὸ δόγμα τῶν Χριστιανῶν, καὶ χρῆναι πάντας τῷ συμβόλῳ τοῦ σταυροῦ κατασημανθῆναι. ὡς ἔοικε δέ, οἱ τἀναντία τῷ βασιλεῖ δοξάσαντες οὐ διήμαρτον τῆς ἀληθείας· ἀμφότερα γὰρ εὐστόχως εἰρῆσθαι προϊὼν ὁ χρόνος ἀπέδειξεν. 5.1.6 ᾿Επεὶ δὲ ἐπύθετο Κωνστάντιος ἐκστρατεύειν ἐπ' αὐτὸν ᾿Ιουλιανόν, κατα-λιπὼν τὴν πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας παρασκευὴν ἐπὶ τὴν Κωνσταντινούπολιν ἠπείγετο, ἡνίκα δὴ τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ποιούμενος ἐτελεύτησεν ἐν Μόμψου κρήναις, μεταξὺ Κιλίκων καὶ Καππαδοκῶν τῶν πρὸς τῷ Ταύρῳ, ἔτη ἀμφὶ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ πέντε γεγονώς, ἐξ ὧν τρισκαίδεκα μὲν σὺν τῷ πατρὶ ἐβασίλευσε, 5.1.7 πέντε δὲ καὶ εἴκοσι μετ' ἐκεῖνον. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησεν, ὁ μὲν ᾿Ιουλιανὸς ἤδη τὴν Θρᾴκην εἶχεν· οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν δὲ εἰς τὴν