John Malalas, Chronography

and he lightened the taxes for 4 years. He also built a great temple in Emesa. And having joined battle with the Persians, and with many having fallen on both sides, he made a peace treaty. And returning from there he went to Arabia, and he joined battle with Enathus, king of the barbarian Saracens, and killed him, and took over Arabia; and he returned to Rome, and being struck by a disease, he died, being 50 years old. After the reign of Gallienus, also called Licinianus, Claudius Apollianus reigned for 9 years. He was of the second legion, fair-skinned, with a pot-belly, straight-haired, broad-faced, somewhat snub-nosed, with greyish-blue eyes, somewhat blond, with a crooked mouth, slightly lisping, magnanimous; and he favored the Green faction. And during his reign Nicomedia, metropolis 299 of Bithynia, suffered its fourth disaster from divine wrath as far as the rivers and Dacibiza. And he bestowed many honors upon the survivors and the city. In that time Zenobia the Saracen, wife of Enathus, avenging the death of her own husband, taking his relatives with her, took possession of Arabia, which was then held by the Romans, having killed both the Roman duke Trassus and all the auxiliaries with him during the reign of this Apollianus, also called Claudius. And the same emperor Claudius was warring in Sirmium, and he died there, being 56 years old. After the reign of Apollianus Claudius, Quintillianus reigned for 17 days. He was of the second legion, slender, long-faced, long-nosed, dark-skinned, straight-haired, with beautiful eyes, his head and beard mixed with grey. And he died in the palace, for he was ill when he was proclaimed emperor under dire necessity, being 41 years old. After the reign of Quintillianus, the most divine Aurelian the warlike reigned for 6 years. He was tall, slender, balding, small-eyed, completely grey-haired, magnanimous, easily despoiled; he wore a diadem that had a star. As soon as he became emperor, he began to build magnificent walls for Rome; for they had been ruined over time. He himself supervised the work, and forced the guilds of Rome to serve the construction, and having completed the walls in a very short 300 time, he issued his divine command that from that time the craftsmen of the whole city should be called Aurelians, taking the title from the imperial name in return for their honor and labors. And the same Aurelian, having received an report, marched against Zenobia, queen of the Saracens, going to the east. For it was reported about her that she had plundered and burned the eastern parts up to the borders of Antioch the Great, encamping near the Orontes river. As soon as the same emperor Aurelian reached Antioch, he immediately rushed out as he was against her; and having clashed, he cut down all her multitudes. And having taken Zenobia herself, he set her upon a dromedary camel; and having paraded her through all the eastern lands, he brought her also into Antioch the Great. And having seen a hippodrome there, he brought her in on a dromedary camel. And having built a place in that Antioch, he set her up bound for three days; which place he built and called a triumph. And from there, having brought her down, he led her away to Rome, as queen of the barbarian Saracens; and having led her in triumph in Rome in the former manner, he beheaded her. The same emperor Aurelian also made Arabia, which was held by barbarian Saracens, relatives of Enathus the Saracen, a province under the Romans, after killing them all. 301 And as he was about to depart from Antioch the Great, the so-called Monetarii of Antioch rebelled against him, shouting on account of certain customs. And being angered against them, he punished them. The same Aurelian also made Dacia a province by the river, being near the Danube river. And the same joined

καὶ ἐκούφισε τὰς συντελείας ἐπὶ ἔτη δʹ. ἔκτισε δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν ἐν Ἐμίσῃ μέγα. καὶ συμβαλὼν πόλεμον πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας, καὶ πολλῶν πεσόντων ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν, ἐποίησεν εἰρήνης πάκτα. κἀκεῖθεν ὑποστρέψας ἀπῆλθεν εἰς τὴν Ἀραβίαν, καὶ συνέβαλε πόλεμον τῷ Ἐνάθῳ, βασιλεῖ Σαρακηνῶν βαρβάρων, καὶ ἐφόνευσεν αὐτόν, καὶ παρέλαβε τὴν Ἀραβίαν· καὶ ὑπέστρεψεν ἐν Ῥώμῃ, καὶ νόσῳ βληθεὶς τελευτᾷ, ὢν ἐνιαυτῶν νʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν Γαλλιενοῦ τοῦ καὶ Λικινιανοῦ ἐβασίλευσε Κλαύδιος Ἀπολλιανὸς ἔτη θʹ. ἦν δὲ διμοιριαῖος, λευκός, προκοίλιος, ἁπλόθριξ, πλάτοψις, ὑπόσιμος, ὑπόγλαυκος, ὑπόξανθος, στρεβλόστομος, μικρὸν ὑπότραυλος, μεγαλόψυχος ἔχαιρε δὲ τῷ Πρασίνῳ μέρει. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ ἔπαθε Νικομήδεια, μητρόπολις 299 τῆς Βιθυνίας τὸ τέταρτον αὐτῆς πάθος ἀπὸ θεομηνίας ἕως ποταμῶν καὶ ∆ακιβίζης. καὶ ἐφιλοτιμήσατο τοῖς ζήσασι πολλὰ καὶ τῇ πόλει. Ἐν αὐτῷ χρόνῳ Ζηνοβία ἡ Σαρακηνή, ἡ Ἐνάθου γυνή, ἐκδικοῦσα τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ἰδίου αὐτῆς ἀνδρός, λαβοῦσα τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ, παρέλαβε τὴν Ἀραβίαν, κατεχομένην τότε ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, φονεύσασα καὶ τὸν δοῦκα Ῥωμαίων Τρασσὸν καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ βοήθειαν ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτοῦ Ἀπουλλιανοῦ τοῦ καὶ Κλαυδίου βασιλείας. ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς Κλαύδιος ἐν τῷ Σιρμίῳ ἦν πολεμῶν, κἀκεῖσε τελευτᾷ, ὢν ἐτῶν νςʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν Ἀπολλιανοῦ Κλαυδίου ἐβασίλευσε Κυντιλλιανὸς ἡμέρας ιζʹ. ἦν δὲ διμοιριαῖος, λεπτός, μάκροψις, μακρόρινος, μελάγχροος, ἁπλόθριξ, εὐόφθαλμος, μιξοπόλιος τὴν κάραν καὶ τὸ γένειον. καὶ τελευτᾷ ἐν τῷ παλατίῳ, ἠῤῥώστει γάρ, ὅτε ἀνηγορεύθη βασιλεὺς δεινῇ ἀνάγκῃ, ὢν ἐνιαυτῶν μαʹ. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν Κυντιλλιανοῦ ἐβασίλευσεν ὁ θειότατος Αὐρηλιανὸς ὁ πολεμικὸς ἔτη ςʹ. ἦν δὲ μακρός, λεπτός, ὑποφάλακρος, μικρόφθαλμος, ὁλοπόλιος, μεγαλόψυχος, εὔσκυλτος· ἐφόρει δὲ διάδημα ἔχον ἀστέρα. ἢ μόνον δὲ ἐβασίλευσεν, ἤρξατο τὰ τείχη Ῥώμης κτίζειν γενναῖα· ἦν γὰρ τῷ χρόνῳ φθαρέντα. αὐτὸς δὲ ἐφέστηκε τῷ ἔργῳ, καὶ ἠνάγκαζε τὰ συνέργεια Ῥώμης ὑπουργεῖν τῷ κτίσματι, καὶ πληρώσας τὰ τείχη ἐν ὀλίγῳ 300 πάνυ χρόνῳ, ἐποίησε θείαν αὐτοῦ κέλευσιν ἵνα ἐξ ἐκείνου τοῦ χρόνου οἱ τῆς πόλεως πάσης ἐργαστηριακοὶ Αὐρηλιανοὶ χρηματίζουσι, τοῦ βασιλικοῦ ὀνόματος λαβόντες τὴν ἀξίαν ὑπὲρ τιμῆς καὶ κόπων. ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς Αὐρηλιανὸς δεξάμενος μήνυσιν, ἐπεστράτευσε κατὰ Ζηνοβίας, βασιλίσσης Σαρακηνῶν, εἰς τὴν ἀνατολὴν ἀπελθών. ἐμηνύθη γὰρ περὶ αὐτῆς ὅτι ἐπραίδευσε καὶ ἔκαυσε τὰ ἀνατολικὰ μέρη ἕως τῶν ὁρίων Ἀντιοχείας τῆς μεγάλης, πλησίον τοῦ Ὀρόντου ποταμοῦ κατασκηνώσασα. ἢ μόνον δὲ κατέφθασεν ὁ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς Αὐρηλιανὸς Ἀντιόχειαν, εὐθέως ὥρμησεν, ὡς ἔχει, κατ' αὐτῆς ἐξελθών· καὶ συγκρούσας κατέκοψε τὰ πλήθη αὐτῆς πάντα. παραλαβὼν δὲ αὐτὴν Ζηνοβίαν, ἐκάθισεν εἰς δρομωναρίαν κάμηλον· καὶ πομπεύσας αὐτὴν εἰς τὰς ἀνατολικὰς χώρας πάσας εἰσήγαγεν αὐτὴν καὶ εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν τὴν μεγάλην. καὶ θεωρήσας ἐκεῖ ἱπποδρόμιον εἰσήγαγεν αὐτὴν εἰς δρομωναρίαν κάμηλον. καὶ κτίσας ἐν αὐτῇ Ἀντιοχείᾳ τόπον, ἔστησεν αὐτὴν ἄνω δεδεμένην ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τρεῖς· ὅντινα τόπον κτίσας ἐκάλεσε θρίαμβον. κἀκεῖθεν κατενεγκὼν αὐτὴν ἀπήγαγεν ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ, ὡς βασίλισσαν βαρβάρων Σαρακηνῶν· καὶ θριαμβεύσας αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ τῷ πρῴην σχήματι ἀπεκεφάλισεν αὐτήν. Ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς Αὐρηλιανὸς καὶ τὴν Ἀραβίαν, κατεχομένην ὑπὸ βαρβάρων Σαρακηνῶν, συγγενῶν Ἐνάθου Σαρακηνοῦ, φονεύσας πάντας ἐποίησεν αὐτὴν ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίους εἶναι ἐπαρχίαν. 301 Ἐν δὲ τῷ μέλλειν αὐτὸν ἐξιέναι ἀπὸ Ἀντιοχείας τῆς μεγάλης ἐστασίασαν οἱ λεγόμενοι Μονητάριοι Ἀντιοχείας ἐπὶ αὐτοῦ, κράζοντες διὰ συνηθείας τινάς. καὶ ἀγανακτήσας κατ' αὐτῶν ἐτιμωρήσατο αὐτούς. Ὁ δὲ αὐτὸς Αὐρηλιανὸς καὶ ∆ακίαν ἐποίησεν ἐπαρχίαν τὴν παραποταμίαν, πλησίον οὖσαν τοῦ ∆ανουβίου ποταμοῦ. συνέβαλε δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς