Letter CXCII.

(a.d. 418.)

To My Venerable Lord and Highly Esteemed and Holy Brother, Cælestine,1452    Cælestine, who was at the date of this letter a deacon in Rome, was raised in 423 to succeed Boniface as Bishop of Rome; he stands forty-second in the list of Popes. Letter CCIX. is addressed to him.Augustin Sends Greeting in the Lord.

1. I was at a considerable distance from home when the letter of your Holiness addressed to me at Hippo arrived by the hands of the clerk Projectus. When I had returned home, and, having read your letter, felt myself to be owing you a reply, I was still waiting for some means of communicating with you, when, lo! a most desirable opportunity presented itself in the departure of our very dear brother the acolyte Albinus, who leaves us immediately. Rejoicing, therefore, in your health, which is most earnestly desired by me, I return to your Holiness the salutation which I was owing. But I always owe you love, the only debt which, even when it has been paid, holds him who has paid it a debtor still. For it is given when it is paid, but it is owing even after it has been given, for there is no time at which it ceases to be due. Nor when it is given is it lost, but it is rather multiplied by giving it; for in possessing it, not in parting with it, it is given. And since it cannot be given unless it is possessed, so neither can it be possessed unless it is given; nay, at the very time when it is given by a man it increases in that man, and, according to the number of persons to whom it is given, the amount of it which is gained becomes greater. Moreover, how can that be denied to friends which is due even to enemies? To enemies, however, this debt is paid with caution, whereas to friends it is repaid with confidence. Nevertheless, it uses every effort to secure that it receives back what it gives, even in the case of those to whom it renders good for evil. For we wish to have as a friend the man whom, as an enemy, we truly love, for we do not sincerely love him unless we wish him to be good, which he cannot be until he be delivered from the sin of cherished enmities.

2. Love, therefore, is not paid away in the same manner as money; for, whereas money is diminished, love is increased by paying it away. They differ also in this,—that we give evidence of greater goodwill to the man to whom we may have given money if we do not seek to have it returned; but no one can be a true donor of love unless he lovingly insist on its repayment. For money, when it is received, accrues to him to whom it is given, but forsakes him by whom it is given; love, on the contrary, even when it is not repaid, nevertheless increases with the man who insists on its repayment by the person whom he loves; and not only so, but the person by whom it is returned to him does not begin to possess it till he pays it back again.

Wherefore, my lord and brother, I willingly give to you, and joyfully receive from you, the love which we owe to each other. The love which I receive I still claim, and the love which I give I still owe. For we ought to obey with docility the precept of the One Master, whose disciples we both profess to be, when He says to us by His apostle: “Owe no man anything, but to love one another.”1453    Rom. xiii. 8.

EPISTOLA CXCII . Augustinus Coelestino diacono (postea pontifici Romano), de mutua benevolentia.

Domino venerabili nimiumque desiderabili, sancto fratri et condiacono COELESTINO, AUGUSTINUS, in Domino salutem.

1. Quamvis longe absens fuerim, quando per Projectum clericum ad me directa Hipponem Sanctitatis tuae scripta venerunt; tamen posteaquam veni, eisque lectis rescriptorum debitorem me factum esse cognovi, reddendi tempus opperiebar: et ecce subito profecturi a nobis charissimi fratris nostri Albini acolythi gratissima occurrit occasio. De tua igitur quae mihi exoptatissima est salute laetatus, Sanctitati tuae salutationem debitam reddo. Semper autem debeo charitatem, quae sola, etiam reddita, semper detinet debitorem. Redditur enim cum impenditur, debetur autem etiamsi reddita fuerit; quia nullum est tempus quando impendenda jam non sit. Nec cum redditur amittitur, sed potius reddendo multiplicatur: habendo enim redditur, non carendo. Et cum reddi non possit nisi habeatur, nec haberi potest nisi reddatur: imo etiam cum redditur ab homine, crescit in homine; et tanto major acquiritur, quanto pluribus redditur. Quomodo autem negetur amicis, quae debetur et inimicis? Sed inimicis cauta impenditur, amicis secura rependitur. Agit tamen quantum potest, ut ab his etiam quibus pro malis bona retribuit, id recipiat quod impendit. Optamus 0869 quippe fieri amicum, quem veraciter diligimus inimicum: quia non eum diligimus nisi velimus bonum; quod utique non erit, nisi amiserit inimicitiarum malum.

2. Non ergo sic impenditur charitas, ut pecunia. Excepto enim quod impendendo illa diminuitur, haec augetur; etiam illo inter se differunt, quod pecuniam cui dederimus, tunc ei benevolentiores erimus, si recipere non quaeramus: non autem potest esse verus charitatis impensor, nisi fuerit benignus exactor. Quoniam pecunia cum recipitur, accedit cui datur, sed recedit a quo datur: charitas vero non solum apud eum crescit, qui hanc ab eo quem diligit, exigit, etiamsi non recipit; sed etiam ille a quo eam recipit, tunc incipit habere cum reddit. Proinde, domine frater, mutuam tibi charitatem libens reddo, gaudensque recipio: quam recipio, adhuc repeto: quam reddo, adhuc debeo. Unum enim magistrum, apud quem condiscipuli sumus, per ejus Apostolum dociles audire debemus praecipientem ac dicentem: Nemini quidquam debeatis, nisi ut invicem diligatis (Rom. XIII, 8).