John Chrysostom, On Matthew

the things said are false. For if these conditions are not present, he who is spoken ill of is not only not blessed, but is also wretched. Then see the reward again: For your reward is great in heaven. But you, even if for each of the beatitudes you do not hear a kingdom being given, do not be disheartened. For even if He names the recompenses differently, yet He brings all into the kingdom. For when He says, They that mourn shall be comforted, and the merciful shall obtain mercy, and the pure in heart shall see God, and the peacemakers shall be called children of God, He signifies nothing else by all these things than the kingdom; for they that enjoy these things shall surely attain to that. Therefore, do not think the reward is for the poor in spirit alone, but also for those who hunger for righteousness, and for the meek, and for all the others without exception. For this is why He placed the beatitude on all, that you should not expect anything of this world. For neither would he be blessed who is crowned with things that are destroyed along with the present life, and that pass away more swiftly than a shadow. And when He had said, For 57.229 your reward is great, He added another consolation, saying: For so they persecuted the prophets who were before you. For since that reward of the kingdom was to come, and was in hope, from this He offers them comfort, from their fellowship with those who had suffered evil before them. For do not think, He says, that you suffer these things for saying and legislating things that are contrary; or that, being teachers of wicked doctrines, you are about to be driven out by them. For the plots and dangers are not from the wickedness of the things said, but from the malice of those who hear. Whence they do not slander you who suffer evil, but them who do evil. And all former time bears witness to these things. For neither was it for accusing the prophets of lawlessness and an ungodly mind that they stoned some, and drove out others, and surrounded others with countless other evils. So do not let this disturb you; for from the same disposition they do all things now as well. Do you see how He raised their spirits, placing them near to those around Moses and Elijah? So also Paul, writing to the Thessalonians, says. For you became imitators of the churches of God which are in Judea. For you also suffered the same things from your own countrymen, just as they did from the Jews, who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; and they do not please God and are contrary to all men. This indeed Christ has also established here. And concerning the other beatitudes He said, Blessed are the poor, and the merciful; but here He has not put it indefinitely, but turns His discourse to them, saying: Blessed are you when they reproach you and persecute you, and say every evil word; showing that this is especially their distinction, and this is peculiar to teachers above all others. At the same time He also hints here at His own dignity, and His equality of honor with the one who begot Him. For just as they, He says, suffered these things for the Father's sake, so you too will suffer these things for my sake. And when He says, The prophets who were before you, He shows that they themselves have already become prophets. Then, showing that this especially benefits them and makes them illustrious, He did not say, They will speak evil of you and persecute you, but I will prevent this; for He does not wish their security to be in not hearing evil things, but in bearing evil reports nobly, and in refuting them by their deeds; for this is much greater than that; just as being struck and suffering no harm is much greater than not being struck. Here then He says, For your reward is great in heaven; but Luke says that He said this more intensely and with greater comfort. For not only does He bless those who are spoken ill of for God’s sake, but He also pronounces woe upon those who are well spoken of by all; For woe to you, He says, when all men speak well of you. And yet they spoke well of the apostles; but not all. For this reason He did not say, When well of you

ψευδῆ ᾖ τὰ λεγόμενα. Ἐπεὶ ἐὰν μὴ ταῦτα προσῇ, οὐ μόνον οὐ μακάριος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄθλιος ὁ κακῶς ἀκούων. Εἶτα ὅρα τὸ ἔπαθλον πάλιν· Ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. Σὺ δὲ, εἰ καὶ μὴ καθ' ἕκαστον τῶν μακαρισμῶν βασιλείαν ἀκούεις δωρουμένην, μὴ ἀθύμει. Εἰ γὰρ καὶ διαφόρως ὀνομάζει τὰς ἀμοιβὰς, ἀλλὰ πάντας εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν εἰσάγει. Καὶ γὰρ ὅταν εἴπῃ, Παρακληθήσονται οἱ πενθοῦντες, καὶ ἐλεηθήσονται οἱ ἐλεοῦντες, καὶ τὸν Θεὸν ὄψονται οἱ καθαροὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ, καὶ υἱοὶ Θεοῦ κληθήσονται οἱ εἰρηνοποιοὶ, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ τὴν βασιλείαν διὰ τούτων ἁπάντων αἰνίττεται· οἱ γὰρ τούτων ἀπολαύοντες, ἐκείνης ἐπιτεύξονται πάντως. Μὴ τοίνυν τῶν τῷ πνεύματι πτωχῶν μόνων νόμιζε εἶναι τὸ ἔπαθλον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν πεινώντων τὴν δικαιοσύνην, καὶ τῶν πράων, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων ἁπαξαπλῶς. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πάντων τὸν μακαρισμὸν ἔθηκεν, ἵνα μηδὲν αἰσθητὸν ἀναμένῃς. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν εἴη μακάριος ὁ ἐν τούτοις στεφανούμενος, ἃ τῷ παρόντι συγκαταλύεται βίῳ, καὶ σκιᾶς ταχύτερον παρατρέχει. Εἰπὼν δὲ, Ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς 57.229 ὑμῶν πολὺς, ἐπήγαγε καὶ ἑτέραν παράκλησιν, λέγων· Οὕτω γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνο ἔμελλε, τὸ τῆς βασιλείας, καὶ ἐν ἐλπίσιν ἦν, ἐντεῦθεν αὐτοῖς παρέχεται τὴν παραμυθίαν, ἀπὸ τῆς κοινωνίας τῶν πρὸ αὐτῶν πεπονθότων κακῶς. Μὴ γὰρ νομίσητε, φησὶν, ὅτι ἐναντία τινὰ λέγοντες καὶ νομοθετοῦντες, ταῦτα πάσχετε· ἢ ὅτι πονηρῶν δογμάτων ὄντες διδάσκαλοι, μέλλετε ἐλαύνεσθαι παρ' αὐτῶν. Οὐ γὰρ τῆς πονηρίας τῶν λεγομένων, ἀλλὰ τῆς κακίας τῶν ἀκουόντων αἱ ἐπιβουλαὶ καὶ οἱ κίνδυνοι. Ὅθεν οὐδὲ ὑμᾶς τοὺς κακῶς πάσχοντας διαβάλλουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς κακῶς ποιοῦντας ἐκείνους. Καὶ μαρτυρεῖ τούτοις ἅπας ὁ ἔμπροσθεν χρόνος. Οὐδὲ γὰρ τοῖς προφήταις παρανομίαν καὶ ἀντίθεον φρόνημα ἐγκαλοῦντες, τοὺς μὲν ἐλίθαζον, τοὺς δὲ ἤλαυνον, τοὺς δὲ μυρίοις ἑτέροις περιέβαλλον κακοῖς. Μὴ δὴ τοῦτο θορυβείτω ὑμᾶς· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης καὶ τὰ νῦν ἅπαντα πράττουσιν. Εἶδες πῶς τὰ φρονήματα αὐτῶν ἀνέστησεν, ἐγγὺς τῶν περὶ Μωϋσέα καὶ Ἠλίαν στήσας αὐτούς; Οὕτω καὶ ὁ Παῦλος Θεσσαλονικεῦσι γράφων, φησίν. Ὑμεῖς γὰρ μιμηταὶ ἐγενήθητε τῶν Ἐκκλησιῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ, τῶν οὐσῶν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ ὑμεῖς τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπάθετε ὑπὸ τῶν ἰδίων συμφυλετῶν, καθάπερ κἀκεῖνοι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων, τῶν καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων, καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων. Ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα κατεσκεύασεν ὁ Χριστός. Καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἄλλων μακαρισμῶν ἔλεγε, Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ, καὶ οἱ ἐλεήμονες· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐκ ἀδιορίστως αὐτὸ τέθεικεν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τρέπει τὸν λόγον, λέγων· Μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ διώξωσι, καὶ εἴπωσι πᾶν πονηρὸν ῥῆμα· δεικνὺς ὅτι αὐτῶν τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐξαίρετόν ἐστι, καὶ ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας τῶν διδασκάλων ἴδιον τοῦτο. Ὁμοῦ δὲ καὶ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἀξίωμα ἐνταῦθα αἰνίττεται, καὶ τὴν πρὸς τὸν γεγεννηκότα ὁμοτιμίαν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι διὰ τὸν Πατέρα, φησὶν, οὕτω καὶ ὑμεῖς δι' ἐμὲ ταῦτα πείσεσθε. Ὅταν δὲ εἴπῃ, Τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν, δείκνυσι καὶ αὐτοὺς προφήτας ἤδη γεγενημένους. Εἶτα δηλῶν ὅτι τοῦτο μάλιστα αὐτοὺς ὠφελεῖ καὶ ποιεῖ λαμπροὺς, οὐκ εἶπεν, ὅτι Κακῶς μὲν ἐροῦσι καὶ διώξουσιν, ἐγὼ δὲ κωλύσω τοῦτο· οὐ γὰρ ἐν τῷ μὴ ἀκούειν κακῶς, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ κακῶς ἀκούοντας φέρειν γενναίως, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἔργων αὐτοὺς ἐλέγχειν, τὴν ἀσφάλειαν αὐτοῖς βούλεται εἶναι· πολλῷ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐκείνου μεῖζον· ὥσπερ τοῦ μὴ πλήττεσθαι τὸ πληττόμενον μηδὲν πάσχειν δεινὸν πολλῷ μεῖζόν ἐστιν. Ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὖν φησιν, ὅτι Ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· ὁ δὲ Λουκᾶς καὶ ἐπιτεταμένως καὶ μετὰ πλείονος αὐτὸν παραμυθίας τοῦτο εἰρηκέναι φησίν. Οὐ γὰρ δὴ μόνον τοὺς κακῶς ἀκούοντας διὰ τὸν Θεὸν μακαρίζει, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς παρὰ πάντων καλῶς ἀκούοντας ταλανίζει· Οὐαὶ γὰρ ὑμῖν, φησὶν, ὅταν καλῶς ὑμᾶς εἴπωσι πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι. Καίτοι καὶ τοὺς ἀποστόλους καλῶς ἔλεγον· ἀλλ' οὐ πάντες. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο οὐκ εἶπεν, Ὅταν καλῶς ὑμᾶς