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is contemplated hypostatically, acting noetically and speaking spiritually and ineffably to the one being deified. And indeed, the intellect, theologizing by way of abstraction, conceives of things unlike God; therefore, it acts discursively; but that is union. And furthermore, along with the others, it also abstracts itself from there, but that is the union of the intellect with God, and this is what the fathers called "the end of prayer, a rapture to the Lord." Wherefore also the great Dionysius says that through it we are united to God. For in prayer the intellect, gradually putting aside its relations to beings, first its relations to what is shameful and evil and simply all kinds of things, then its relations to what is intermediate and is adapted to the worse or the better suitably to the intention of those using them, of which, indeed, all learning consists and the knowledge through it, for which reason it is also a patristic commandment not to accept knowledge at the time of prayer, when it is offered up by the enemy, lest we be robbed of what is better; therefore, gradually putting aside these relations and those to what is better than these, the intellect, during pure prayer, completely goes out of all beings. But this ecstasy is pre-eminently higher than theology by way of abstraction; for it belongs only to those who have attained dispassion; but it is not yet union, unless the Paraclete should shine from above on the one who is praying, seated in the upper room of the natural heights and awaiting the promise of the Father, and through revelation snatch him up to the (p. 478) vision of the light. And of this vision there is both a beginning and the things after the beginning, differing from one another according to the more obscure and the more brilliant, but no end at all, for its progress is infinite, just as also of the rapture in revelation; for an illumination is one thing, and a continuous vision of light is another, and another thing is the vision of the things in the light, in which even things far off come before the eyes and future things are shown as present.

But these things are beyond me to speak of and to make clear; but if also the things before them, yet those are of the subject at hand; therefore I shall return. The vision, at any rate, of this light is a union, even if not continuous for the imperfect; and the union of the light, what else is it but sight? And since it is accomplished even after the cessation of noetic activities, how could it be accomplished, except through the Spirit? For in the light the light is seen, and in the like light also the one who sees, if it should be active in nothing else, having withdrawn from all other things, itself also becomes whole light and is made like to what is seen, or rather it is also unconfusedly united, being light and seeing light through light; and if it sees itself, it sees light; and if it looks toward that which it sees, this too is light; and if it has the means by which it sees, that too is light, and this is the union, for all those things to be one, so that the one seeing cannot even distinguish the means by which and that to which and what it itself is, but only this: that it is light and sees a light other than all created things.

Wherefore also the great Paul says that during that powerful rapture he did not know what he was. Yet he saw himself; how? with the senses, or with reason, or with the intellect? But having been snatched away, he was removed from these powers. Therefore he saw himself by the Spirit which had indeed effected the rapture. And what was he himself, being incomprehensible to every natural power, or rather released from every (p.480) natural power? Surely that to which he was united and through which he knew himself and for which he was released from all things. For he had this union with the light, which not even angels could attain, unless through the unitive grace they should transcend themselves. How then was he also Spirit at that time, to which he is also united, from which he also had his state of being united, having gone out from all beings and having become that by grace and not being it by transcendence, that is, above created things, as also the divine Maximus says: "For he who has come to be in God has left all things after God behind himself"; and again, "all things and names and dignities after God will be beneath those who will come to be in God through grace." Having become such, the divine Paul at that time of the divine

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ἐνυποστάτως θεωρεῖται, νοερῶς τε ἐνεργοῦν καί πνευματικῶς ἀπορρήτως τῷ θεουμένῳ ὁμιλοῦν. Καί μέν δή τά ἀπεμφαίνοντα τῷ Θεῷ διανοεῖται ὁ νοῦς κατά ἀφαίρεσιν θεολογῶν˙ διεξοδικῶς ἄρα ἐνεργεῖ˙ ἐκείνη δ᾿ ἕνωσίς ἐστι˙ πρός δέ μετά τῶν ἄλλων καί ἑαυτόν ἐκεῖθεν ἀφαιρεῖ, ἐκείνη δέ τοῦ νοῦ πρός Θεόν ἕνωσίς ἐστι, καί τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὅπερ οἱ πατέρες εἶπον «τέλος προσευχῆς, ἁρπαγή πρός Κύριον». ∆ιό καί ὁ μέγας ∆ιονύσιος δι᾿ αὐτῆς ἡμᾶς ἑνοῦσθαι τῷ Θεῷ φησιν. Ἐν γάρ τῇ προσευχῇ τάς πρός τά ὄντα σχέσεις κατά μικρόν ἀποτιθέμενος ὁ νοῦς, πρῶτον μέν τάς πρός τά αἰσχρά καί πονηρά καί τά φῦλα πάνθ᾿ ἁπλῶς, εἶτα τάς πρός τά μέσως ἔχοντα καί μεθαρμοζόμενα πρός τό χεῖρον ἤ τό βέλτιον τῇ προθέσει τῶν χρωμένων καταλλήλως, ὧν δήπου καί πᾶσα μάθησίς ἐστι καί ἡ διά ταύτης γνῶσις, διό καί πατερικόν ἐστι παράγγελμα μή καταδέχεσθαι τήν γνῶσιν ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς προσευχῆς, ἀναδιδομένην ὑπό τοῦ ἐχθροῦ, ἵνα μή τό κρεῖττον συληθῶμεν˙ ταύτας τοίνυν καί τάς πρός τά κρείττω τούτων σχέσεις κατά μικρόν ἀποτιθέμενος ὁ νοῦς ὁλοσχερῶς κατά τήν εἰλικρινῆ προσευχήν ἐξίσταται τῶν ὄντων πάντων. Αὕτη δέ ἡ ἔκστασις τῆς μέν κατά ἀφαίρεσιν θεολογίας διαφερόντως ὑψηλότερόν ἐστι˙ μόνων γάρ ἐστιν τῶν ἀπαθείας ἐπειλημμένων˙ οὔπω δέ ἕνωσίς ἐστιν, ἐάν ή ὁ παράκλητος ἐν ὑπερῴῳ τῶν φυσικῶν ἀκροτήτων καθημένῳ τῷ προσευχομένῳ καί προσδοκῶντι τήν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ Πατρός ἐπιλάμψῃ ἄνωθεν καί διά τῆς ἀποκαλύψεως πρός τήν (σελ. 478) τοῦ φωτός ἁρπάσῃ θεωρίαν. Τῆς δέ θεωρίας ταύτης ἐστί καί ἀρχή καί τά μετά τήν ἀρχήν, κατά τε τό ἀμυδρότερον καί τηλαυγέστερον διαφέροντα πρός ἄλληλα, τέλος δ᾿ οὐμενοῦν ἐπ᾿ ἄπειρον γάρ ἡ πρόοδος αὐτῆς, ὡσδαύτως καί τῆς ἐν ἀποκαλύψει ἁρπαγῆς˙ ἄλλο γάρ ἔλλαμψις καί ἄλλο διαρκής φωτός θέα, καί ἄλλο τῶν ἐν τῷ φωτί πραγμάτων, ἐν ᾧ καί τά μακράν γίνεται ὑπ᾿ ὀφθαλμούς καί τά μέλλοντα ὡς ὄντα δείκνυται.

Ἀλλά ταῦτα μέν ὑπέρ ἐμέ λέγειν καί διατρανοῦν˙ εἰ δέ καί τά πρό αὐτῶν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνα τῆς προκειμένης ὑποθέσεως˙ ἐπάνειμι τοίνυν. Ἡ γοῦν τοῦ φωτός τούτου θεωρία ἕνωσίς ἐστιν, εἰ καί μή διαρκής τοῖς ἀτελέσιν˙ ἡ δέ τοῦ φωτός ἕνωσις τί γε ἄλλο ἤ ὅρασίς ἐστιν; Ἐπεί δέ καί μετά τήν τῶν νοερῶν ἐνεργειῶν ἀπόπαυσιν τελεῖται, πῶς ἄν τελεσθείη, εἰ μή διά Πνεύματος; Ἐν γάρ τῷ φωτί τό φῶς ὁρᾶται καί ἐν τῷ ὁμοίῳ φωτί καί τό ὁρῶν, εἰ κατά μηδέν ἄλλο ἐνεργοίη, πάντων τῶν ἄλλων ἐκχωρῆσαν, φῶς ὅλον καί αὐτό γίνεται καί τῷ ὁρωμένῳ ὁμοιοῦται, μᾶλλον δέ καί ἀμιγῶς ἑνοῦται, φῶς ὄν καί ὁρῶν φῶς διά φωτός˙ κἄν ἑαυτόν βλέπῃ, φῶς ὁρᾷ, κἄν πρός ἐκεῖνο ὅ ὁρᾷ, φῶς ἐστι καί τοῦτο, κἄν τό δι᾿ οὗ ἔχῃ τό ὁρᾶν, καί ἐκεῖνο φῶς ἐστι, καί τοῦτ᾿ ἐστίν ἡ ἕνωσις, ἕν πάντ᾿ ἐκεῖνα εἶναι, ὡς μηδέ ἔχειν διαγινώσκειν τόν ὁρῶντα τό δι᾿ οὗ καί εἰς ὅ καί τί αὐτό ἐστιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἤ τοῦτο μόνον ὅτι φῶς ἐστι καί φῶς ὁρᾷ τῶν κτισμάτων πάντων ἄλλο.

∆ιό καί ὁ μέγας Παῦλος κατά τήν ἐξουσίαν ἁρπαγήν ἐκείνην ἀγνοεῖν ἑαυτόν φησι τί ἦν. Ἑώρα μέντοι ἑαυτόν˙ πῶς; αἰσθητῶς ἤ λογικῶς ἤ νοερῶς; Ἀλλά τούτων ἁρπαγείς ἀπανέστη τῶν δυνάμεων. ∆ιό τοῦ τήν ἁρπαγήν ἄρ᾿ ἐξειργασμέου πνεύματος ἑώρα ἑαυτόν. Αὐτός δέ τί ἦν, ἄληπτος ὤν πάσῃ φυσικῇ δυνάμει, μᾶλλον δ᾿ ἀπολελυμένος πάσης (σελ480) φυσικῆς δυνάμεως; Πάντως ἐκεῖνο ᾧ ἡνώθη καί δι᾿ οὗ ἑαυτόν ἐγίνωσκε καί δι᾿ ὅ πάντων ἀφειμένος ἦν. Ταύτην γάρ ἔσχε πρός τό φῶς τήν ἕνωσιν, ἧς οὐδ᾿ ἄγγελοι τυγχάνοιεν ἄν, εἰ μή διά τῆς ἑνούσης χάριτος ὑπερβαῖεν ἑαυτούς. Πῶς ἄρα καί Πνεῦμα ἦν ἐκεῖνος τότε, ᾧ καί ἥνωται, ἐξ οὗ καί τό ἡνῶσθαι εἶχε, τῶν ὄντων πάντων ἐκστάς καί ἐκεῖνο κατά χάριν γεγονώς καί καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὤν, ἤγουν ὑπέρ τά κτιστά, ὡς καί ὁ θεῖος Μάξιμος φησιν˙ «ὁ γάρ ἐν Θεῷ γενόμενος πάντα τά μετά Θεόν κατέλιπε κατόπιν ἑαυτοῦ»˙ καί πάλιν, «πάντα τά μετά Θεοῦ πράγματα καί ὀνόματα καί ἀξιώματα ὑποκάτω τῶν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ διά τῆς χάριτος γενησομένων ἔσται». Τοιοῦτο δέ γεγονώς ὁ θεῖος τότε Παῦλος τῆς θείας