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teaching us the things beyond us with names familiar to us. Since also when he says, He who measures heaven with a span, and the earth with his hand; he says these things not to signify a hand and a span, but wishing to represent the infinite power of God. How then do some dare to call the Son a minister? For He who did not even move His whole energy, when it was necessary to make the heaven; why do I say whole? but not even the least, but the very smallest part; how could this one be a minister? how a minister, if What things soever the Father doeth, these also doeth the Son likewise? For where is the "likewise," if the one is a minister, and the other a creator? and how does he say they are His works, at one time saying, You, Lord, in the beginning laid the foundation of the earth, and the heavens are the works of your hands; and here, that I will consider the heavens, the works of your fingers? For works belong not to ministers, but to creators. and if someone is a minister, the work is not credited to him, but to the one who creates. Therefore also the things previously said by Moses were said about the Son, namely, In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth; and, Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea. For this one, who has perfected praise out of the mouth of infants and nursing babes, Himself visited man. 9. What, therefore, Moses says concerning the Father, Paul applies to the Son, showing the great equality. When, therefore, it is a matter of indifference to the saints to attribute to the Son the things said of the Father, and the things of the Son to the Father (for all things were made by Him), where at all does the name of minister lie? One would see this nowhere. Yes, he says, it is said, "Through Him." What then, that the same is also said of the Father? And hear how. God is faithful, through whom you were called into the fellowship of His Son. And again; Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God. And again; For through Him, and from Him, and to Him, are all things. But for what reason do you call Him a minister? "That we may honor the Father." And yet the Son says, "That all may honor the Son, just as they honor the Father." He who does not honor the Son, it is clear that he does not honor the Father either. What then, he says, shall I call the Son, Father? No. For He did not say, "That you should call Me Father," but what? "That while I remain Son, you should honor Me as the Father." But if you call the Son, Father, you have confused everything. This property therefore remaining, the things of honor are common. For for this reason He said Son and Father, that you may not confuse the hypostases. But if He were not of the same substance, how could He have demanded equal honor? For what reason then, he says, does Christ utter many humble things? Both to teach humility, and on account of the covering of the flesh, and on account of the insensibility of the Jews, and because it was necessary to lead the human race to knowledge little by little, and on account of the imperfection of His hearers; and besides He often speaks in response to the suspicion of His listeners. For the more exalted things, belong to His dignity alone; or rather, whatever you might say about God, is very much inferior to that substance, and is a condescension. 55.121 For what do you wish to say? "God is great"? But this is a small thing to be said about God; for the great, however great it may be, is finite; but God is infinite. And this is a small thing, to be said about God. For that He has no limit, I know; but what He is, or where, I do not understand. Even if you should say wise, even if you should say good, and these infinitely, you have said nothing worthy of that substance, but it is necessary that a thought worthy of God be added to the word. If, therefore, things so great do not represent His dignity, of what pardon would they be worthy who try to diminish even these things? Let us therefore flee their assemblies, and having learned the pre-eternal existence of the Only-begotten, His creative power, His sovereign authority, His exact likeness to the Father, the condescension of the economy, the manifold providence of His care for us (for all these things also

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συντρόφοις ἡμῖν ὀνόμασι τὰ ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς διδάσκων. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὅταν λέγῃ, Ὁ μετρῶν τὸν οὐρανὸν σπιθαμῇ, καὶ τὴν γῆν δρακί· οὐ δράκα καὶ σπιθαμὴν δηλῶν ταῦτα λέγει, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀπέραντον τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δυνάμεως παραστῆσαι βουλόμενος. Πῶς οὖν τολμῶσί τινες ὑπουργὸν λέγειν τὸν Υἱόν; Ὁ γὰρ μηδὲ ὅλην αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐνέργειαν κινήσας, ὅτε τὸν οὐρανὸν ἔδει ποιῆσαι· τί λέγω ὅλην; ἀλλ' οὐδὲ τὴν ἐλαχίστην, ἀλλὰ τὸ μικρότατον· πῶς ἂν εἴη ὑπουργὸς οὗτος; πῶς ὑπουργὸς, εἰ Ἅπερ ὁ Πατὴρ ποιεῖ, ταῦτα καὶ ὁ Υἱὸς ὁμοίως ποιεῖ; Ποῦ γὰρ τὸ, Ὁμοίως, εἰ ὁ μὲν ὑπουργὸς, ὁ δὲ δημιουργός; πῶς δὲ αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα εἶναί φησι, ποτὲ μὲν λέγων, Κατ' ἀρχὰς σὺ, Κύριε, τὴν γῆν ἐθεμελίωσας, καὶ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σου εἰσὶν οἱ οὐρανοί· ἐνταῦθα δὲ, ὅτι Ὄψομαι τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἔργα τῶν δακτύλων σου; Οὐ γὰρ τῶν ὑπουργῶν, ἀλλὰ τῶν δημιουργῶν τὰ ἔργα· κἂν ὑπουργὸς ᾖ τις, οὐκ ἐκείνῳ λογίζεται τὸ ἔργον, ἀλλὰ τῷ δημιουργοῦντι. Ἄρα καὶ τὰ ἔμπροσθεν εἰρημένα τῷ Μωϋσεῖ, περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ εἴρηται, τὸ, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν· καὶ τὸ, Ἀρχέτωσαν τῶν ἰχθύων τῆς θαλάσσης. Οὗτος γὰρ, ὁ καταρτίσας ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων αἶνον, αὐτὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐπεσκέψατο. θʹ. Ἃ μὲν οὖν περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὁ Μωϋσῆς λέγει, Παῦλος εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν ἐκλαμβάνει, πολλὴν τὴν ἰσότητα δεικνύς. Ὅταν οὖν ἀδιάφορον ᾖ τοῖς ἁγίοις τὰ περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς λεγόμενα τῷ Υἱῷ λογίζεσθαι, καὶ τὰ περὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τῷ Πατρὶ Πάντα γὰρ δι' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, ποῦ ὅλως τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ὑπουργοῦ κεῖται; Οὐδαμοῦ τοῦτο ἴδοι τις ἄν. Ναὶ, φησὶν, εἴρηται, ∆ι' αὐτοῦ. Τί οὖν, ὅτι καὶ περὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς τὸ αὐτὸ εἴρηται; Καὶ ἄκουσον πῶς. Πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς, δι' οὗ ἐκλήθητε εἰς κοινωνίαν τοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ. Καὶ πάλιν· Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ. Καὶ πάλιν· Ὅτι δι' αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὰ πάντα. Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν αὐτὸν ὑπουργόν φατε; Ἵνα τιμήσωμεν τὸν Πατέρα. Καὶ μὴν ὁ Υἱός φησιν· Ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν Υἱὸν, καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν Πατέρα. Ὁ δὲ μὴ τιμῶν τὸν Υἱὸν, εὔδηλον ὅτι οὐδὲ τὸν Πατέρα. Τί οὖν, φησὶ, Πατέρα τὸν Υἱὸν ἐρῶ; Οὐχί. Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν· Ἵνα Πατέρα με λέγητε· ἀλλὰ τί; Ἵνα Υἱὸν μένοντα ὡς τὸν Πατέρα τιμᾶτε. Ἂν δὲ Πατέρα εἴπῃς τὸν Υἱὸν, πάντα συνέχεας. Μενούσης τοίνυν ταύτης τῆς ἰδιότητος, τὰ τῆς τιμῆς κοινά ἐστι. ∆ιὰ γὰρ τοῦτο Υἱὸν εἶπε καὶ Πατέρα, ἵνα μὴ συγχέητε τὰς ὑποστάσεις. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ἦν ἡ αὐτὴ οὐσία, πῶς ἂν ἴσην τὴν τιμὴν ἀπῄτησε; Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν, φησὶ, πολλὰ ταπεινὰ φθέγγεται ὁ Χριστός; Καὶ ταπεινοφροσύνην παιδεύων, καὶ διὰ τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς περιβολὴν, καὶ διὰ τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀναισθησίαν, καὶ διὰ τὸ δεῖν κατὰ μικρὸν ἐνάγειν εἰς γνῶσιν τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος, καὶ διὰ τὸ ἀτελὲς τῶν ἀκουόντων· ἄλλως τε καὶ πρὸς τὴν ὑπόνοιαν πολλάκις τῶν ἀκροωμένων φθέγγεται. Τὰ γὰρ ὑψηλότερα, τῆς ἀξίας μόνης ἐστί· μᾶλλον δὲ, ὅπερ ἂν λέγῃς περὶ Θεοῦ, πολλῷ σφόδρα καταδεέστερον τῆς οὐσίας ἐκείνης, καὶ συγκαταβάσεώς 55.121 ἐστι. Τί γὰρ βούλει εἰπεῖν; Μέγας ὁ Θεός; Ἀλλὰ τοῦτο μικρὸν περὶ Θεοῦ λεγόμενον· τὸ γὰρ μέγα, οἷον ἂν ᾖ μέγα, πεπερασμένον ἐστίν· ἀλλ' ἄπειρος ὁ Θεός. Καὶ τοῦτο μικρὸν, περὶ Θεοῦ λεγόμενον. Ὅτι μὲν γὰρ πέρας οὐκ ἔχει, οἶδα· ἀλλ' οὐδ' ὅ τι ἐστὶν, οὐδὲ ποῦ, ἐπίσταμαι. Κἂν σοφὸν εἴπῃς, κἂν ἀγαθὸν εἴπῃς, καὶ ταῦτα ἄπειρα, οὐδὲν περὶ τῆς οὐσίας ἐκείνης ἄξιον εἴρηκας, ἀλλὰ δεῖ θεοπρεπῆ τῷ ῥήματι προσεῖναι ἔννοιαν. Εἰ τοίνυν τὰ οὕτω μεγάλα τὴν ἀξίαν οὐ παρίστησι, τίνος ἂν εἶεν συγγνώμης ἄξιοι οἱ καὶ ταῦτα κολοβοῦν πειρώμενοι; Φεύγωμεν τοίνυν αὐτῶν τοὺς συλλόγους, καὶ μαθόντες τοῦ Μονογενοῦς τὴν προαιώνιον ὕπαρξιν, τὴν δημιουργικὴν δύναμιν, τὴν ἐξουσίαν τὴν αὐθεντικὴν, τὸ ἀπαράλλακτον αὐτοῦ τὸ πρὸς τὸν Πατέρα, τῆς οἰκονομίας τὴν συγκατάβασιν, τῆς περὶ ἡμᾶς κηδεμονίας τὴν πολυειδῆ πρόνοιαν ταῦτα γὰρ ἅπαντα καὶ