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Lord, but from heaven, as He Himself assured us. 100 Concerning the Resurrection And we believe also in the resurrection of the dead. For there will be, indeed there will be, a resurrection of the dead. And when we say resurrection, we mean a resurrection of bodies. For resurrection is a second standing up of that which has fallen. For souls, being immortal, how will they be resurrected? For if death is defined as the separation of soul from body, resurrection is surely the rejoining of soul and body, and a second standing up of the living creature that was dissolved and had fallen. Therefore, the very body that is corrupted and dissolved, it will rise incorruptible. For He who in the beginning formed it from the dust of the earth is not unable to raise it again, after it was dissolved and returned to the earth from which it was taken, according to the Creator's decree. For if there is no resurrection, “let us eat and drink,” let us pursue the life of pleasure and enjoyment. If there is no resurrection, in what do we differ from the brute beasts? If there is no resurrection, let us call the beasts of the field blessed for having a life without sorrow. If there is no resurrection, then there is neither God nor providence, but all things are led and carried along by chance. For behold, we see many righteous people impoverished and wronged and receiving no help in the present life, while sinners and the unrighteous thrive in wealth and every luxury. And who, being of sound mind, would suppose this to be the work of just judgment or wise providence? Therefore, there will be, there will be a resurrection. For God is just and becomes a rewarder of those who endure for Him. If, then, the soul alone contended in the struggles for virtue, it alone will also be crowned. And if it alone wallowed in pleasures, it alone would justly be punished; but since the soul had neither existence apart nor pursued virtue or vice without the body, justly will both together also receive their rewards. And holy scripture also testifies that there will be a resurrection of bodies. For God says to Noah after the flood: “As the green herb I have given you all things. But flesh with the lifeblood you shall not eat. And for your lifeblood I will surely require an accounting, from the hand of every beast I will require it, and from the hand of every man's brother I will require the life of man. Whoever sheds man's blood, in return for his blood shall his be shed, for in the image of God I made man.” How will He require the blood of man from the hand of all the beasts, unless He will raise the bodies of the men who die? For the beasts will not die in place of the man. -and again to Moses: “I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. God is not the God of the dead”—that is, of those who have died and will be no more—“but of the living,” whose souls live in His hand, and whose bodies will live again through the resurrection. And the forefather of God, David, says to God: “You will take away their spirit, and they will cease to be, and to their dust they will return.” Behold, the word is concerning the bodies. Then he adds: “You will send forth Your Spirit, and they shall be created, and You will renew the face of the earth.” -and Isaiah also: “The dead shall rise, and they that are in the tombs shall be raised.” And it is clear that it is not the souls that are placed in the tombs, but the bodies. And the blessed Ezekiel also: “And it came to pass,” he says, “as I was prophesying, and behold, a shaking, and the bones came together, bone to its bone, each to its own joint. And I saw, and behold, sinews came upon them, and flesh grew, and came up on them, and skin was stretched over them from above.” Then he teaches how, being commanded, the spirits returned. And the divine Daniel: “And at that time Michael shall stand up, the great prince who stands for the children of your people. And there shall be a time of tribulation, a tribulation such as has not been since there was a nation on the earth until that time. And at that time your people shall be saved, everyone who is found written in the book. And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, these to everlasting life, and these to reproach and shame

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κύριον, ἀλλ' ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ὡς αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ἠσφαλίσατο. 100 Περὶ ἀναστάσεωσ Πιστεύομεν δὲ καὶ εἰς ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν. Ἔσται γάρ, ὄντως ἔσται νεκρῶν ἀνάστασις. Ἀνάστασιν δὲ λέγοντες σωμάτων φαμὲν ἀνάστασιν. Ἀνάστασις γάρ ἐστι δευτέρα τοῦ πεπτωκότος στάσις· αἱ γὰρ ψυχαὶ ἀθάνατοι οὖσαι πῶς ἀναστήσονται; Εἰ γὰρ θάνατον ὁρίζονται χωρισμὸν ψυχῆς ἀπὸ σώματος, ἀνάστασίς ἐστι πάντως συνάφεια πάλιν ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ δευτέρα τοῦ διαλυθέντος καὶ πεσόντος ζῴου στάσις. Αὐτὸ οὖν τὸ σῶμα τὸ φθειρόμενον καὶ διαλυόμενον, αὐτὸ ἀναστήσεται ἄφθαρτον· οὐκ ἀδυνατεῖ γὰρ ὁ ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐκ τοῦ χοὸς τῆς γῆς αὐτὸ συστησάμενος πάλιν ἀναλυθὲν καὶ ἀποστραφὲν εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἐξ ἧς ἐλήφθη κατὰ τὴν τοῦ δημιουργοῦ ἀπόφασιν, πάλιν ἀναστῆσαι αὐτό. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις, «φάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν», τὸν ἐνήδονον καὶ ἀπολαυστικὸν βίον μετέλθωμεν. Εἰ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις, ἐν τίνι τῶν ἀλόγων διαφέρομεν; Εἰ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις, μακαρίσωμεν τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ τὸν ἄλυπον ἔχοντα βίον. Εἰ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνάστασις, οὐδὲ θεός ἐστιν οὐδὲ πρόνοια, αὐτομάτως δὲ πάντα ἄγονταί τε καὶ φέρονται. Ἰδοὺ γὰρ ὁρῶμεν πλείστους δικαίους μὲν πενομένους καὶ ἀδικουμένους καὶ μηδεμιᾶς ἐν τῷ παρόντι βίῳ τυγχάνοντας ἀντιλήψεως, ἁμαρτωλοὺς δὲ καὶ ἀδίκους ἐν πλούτῳ καὶ πάσῃ τρυφῇ εὐθηνοῦντας. Καὶ τίς ἂν τοῦτο δικαιοκρισίας ἢ σοφῆς προνοίας ἔργον εὖ φρονῶν ὑπολάβοι; Ἔσται οὖν, ἔσται ἀνάστα σις. ∆ίκαιος γὰρ ὁ θεὸς καὶ τοῖς ὑπομένουσιν αὐτὸν μισθαποδότης γίνεται. Εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡ ψυχὴ μόνη τοῖς τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀγῶσιν ἐνήθλησε, μόνη καὶ στεφανωθήσεται. Καὶ εἰ μόνη ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ἐνεκυλίσθη, μόνη δικαίως ἂν ἐκολάζετο· ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ μήτε τὴν ὕπαρξιν κεχωρισμένην ἔσχον μήτε τὴν ἀρετὴν μήτε τὴν κακίαν ἡ ψυχὴ μετῆλθε δίχα τοῦ σώματος, δικαίως ἄμφω ἅμα καὶ τῶν ἀμοιβῶν τεύξονται. Μαρτυρεῖ δὲ καὶ ἡ θεία γραφή, ὅτι ἔσται σωμάτων ἀνάστασις. Φησὶ γοῦν ὁ θεὸς πρὸς Νῶε μετὰ τὸν κατακλυσμόν· «Ὡς λάχανα χόρτου δέδωκα ὑμῖν τὰ πάντα. Πλὴν κρέας ἐν αἵματι ψυχῆς οὐ φάγεσθε· καὶ γὰρ τὸ ὑμέτερον αἷμα τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν ἐκζητήσω, ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων τῶν θηρίων ἐκζητήσω αὐτὸ καὶ ἐκ χειρὸς παντὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐκζητήσω τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ. Ὁ ἐκχέων αἷμα ἀνθρώπου, ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ ἐκχυθήσεται, ὅτι ἐν εἰκόνι θεοῦ ἐποίησα τὸν ἄνθρωπον». Πῶς ἐκζητήσει τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκ χειρὸς πάντων τῶν θηρίων, ἢ ὅτι ἀναστήσει τὰ σώματα τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν ἀποθνῃσκόντων; Οὐ γὰρ ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἀποθανεῖται τὰ θηρία. -καὶ πάλιν τῷ Μωσεῖ· «Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ θεὸς Ἰακώβ. Οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ θεὸς νεκρῶν θεὸς»τῶν ἀποθανόντων καὶ οὐκέτι ἐσομένων, ἀλλὰ ζώντων, ὧν αἱ ψυχαὶ μὲν ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζῶσι, τὰ δὲ σώματα πάλιν διὰ τῆς ἀναστάσεως ζήσεται. Καὶ ὁ θεοπάτωρ ∆αυίδ φησι πρὸς τὸν θεόν· «Ἀντανελεῖς τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐκλείψουσι καὶ εἰς τὸν χοῦν αὐτῶν ἐπιστρέψουσιν». Ἰδοὺ περὶ τῶν σωμάτων ὁ λόγος. Εἶτα ἐπάγει· «Ἐξαποστελεῖς τὸ πνεῦμά σου, καὶ κτισθήσονται, καὶ ἀνακαινιεῖς τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς». -καὶ Ἡσαΐας δέ· «Ἀναστήσονται οἱ νεκροί, καὶ ἐγερθήσονται οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις». ∆ῆλον δέ, ὡς οὐχ αἱ ψυχαὶ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις τίθενται, ἀλλὰ τὰ σώματα. Καὶ ὁ μακάριος δὲ Ἰεζεκιήλ· «Καὶ ἐγένετο», φησίν, «ἐν τῷ με προφητεῦσαι, καὶ ἰδοὺ σεισμός, καὶ προσήγαγε τὰ ὀστᾶ, ὀστέον πρὸς ὀστέον, ἕκαστον πρὸς τὴν ἁρμονίαν αὐτοῦ. Καὶ εἶδον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπεγένετο αὐτοῖς νεῦρα, καὶ σάρκες ἀνεφύοντο, καὶ ἀνέβαινεν ἐπ' αὐτὰ καὶ περιετάθη αὐτοῖς δέρματα ἐπάνωθεν». Εἶτα διδάσκει, πῶς κελευσθέντα ἐπανῆλθε τὰ πνεύματα. Καὶ ὁ θεῖος ∆ανιήλ· «Καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἀναστήσεται Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἄρχων ὁ μέγας ὁ ἑστηκὼς ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ λαοῦ σου· καὶ ἔσται καιρὸς θλίψεως, θλῖψις, οἵα οὐ γέγονεν, ἀφ' οὗ γεγένηται ἔθνος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἕως τοῦ καιροῦ ἐκείνου. Καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ σωθήσεται ὁ λαός σου, πᾶς ὁ εὑρεθεὶς γεγραμμένος ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ. Καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν καθευδόντων ἐν γῆς χώματι ἐγερθήσονται, οὗτοι εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ οὗτοι εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν καὶ αἰσχύνην