101

considers that he does the opposite and drags down to the list of blasphemers the only high and safe theologians.

But let us linger still on faith and the divine and delightful contemplation for Christians according to it, faith, the vehicle of evangelical power, the apostolic life, the Abrahamic right, faith, from which all righteousness now begins and in which it ends, and from which the righteous shall live, but he who shrinks back will fall from the divine good pleasure, (p. 490) for "without faith it is impossible to please God," faith, which always frees our race from every kind of error and establishes us in the truth and the truth in us, from which no one at all will move us, even if he should consider us mad, being ecstatic through true faith, an ecstasy beyond conception, testifying in deed and word that we are not "carried about by every wind of doctrine," but we hold to the single true knowledge of Christians and we advocate the simpler and more divine and truly unerring contemplation. So then, having for now left aside things to come, let us observe the contemplation beyond the mind which comes from faith, based on things that have happened from the beginning, "by faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible." What mind could possibly grasp how from what in no way exists this universe came to be, and this by word alone? For that which is comprehensible to them in no way transcends the activities of the mind. And so the wise men of the Greeks, understanding that nothing that is not passes into perishable things, and nothing that comes to be comes from what is not, held that the world was uncreated and without end. But faith, transcending the concepts arising from the contemplation of created things, has united us to the Word established above all things and to the unadorned and simple truth, and we have understood, better than by proof, that all things were brought forth not only from non-being but also by the word of God alone. What then is this faith? Is it some natural power or supernatural? Supernatural, indeed; for this reason no one can come to the Father except through the Son, who places us above ourselves and gives us the deifying simplicity and returns us to the unifying oneness of the Father. (p. 492) For this reason Paul "received grace for the obedience of faith," for this reason, "if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised him from the dead, you will be saved," for this reason, of those who saw and believed in him who is alive from the dead and the author of eternal life, those who have not seen and have believed are more blessed; for what the seeing eye disbelieves in itself and the mind cannot grasp, these things through the supramundane eyes of faith they both saw and revered.

"This is the victory that has overcome the world, our faith"; this it is, though paradoxical to say, that both established the world below previously in various ways and times, and then later refashioned it to be more divine, and set it high above the heavens, and made the earth a heaven. Who preserved the seeds of a second world? Was it not the faith of Noah? Who made Abram Abraham and the father of many nations, both those likened to the sand and those similar to the stars? Was it not faith in those then-incomprehensible promises? For he had his only-begotten heir set forth for slaughter and through him, O the wonder, he believed without doubt in a multitude of children. What then? Would not the old man have seemed a fool then to those who see things by reason? But the outcome of events, through the grace of God, showed that faith is not foolishness, but a knowledge surpassing all reason. And Noah, in turn, expected abysses of waters from the curved circumference of heaven. Where is the nonsense of your revered philosophy? By nature all heavy things are borne downward and to the center; light things, insofar as they are light, according to

101

ἡγεῖται τοὐναντίον πράττειν καί πρός τόν τῶν βλασφημούντων κατασπᾷ κατάλογον τούς μόνους ὑψηλούς καί ἀσφαλεῖς θεολόγους.

Ἀλλά γάρ ἐνδιατρίψωμεν ἔτι περί τήν πίστιν καί τήν κατ᾿ αὐτήν θείαν καί τερπνήν χριστιανοῖς θεωρίαν, πίστιν, τό τῆς εὐαγγελικῆς δυνάμεως ὄχημα, τήν ἀποστολικήν ζωήν, τό ἀβραμιαῖον δικαίωμα, πίστιν, ἐξ ἧς νῦν ἄρχται καί εἰς ἥν καταλήγει πᾶσα δικαιοσύνη καί ἀφ᾿ ἧς δίκαιος ζήσεται, ὁ δ᾿ ὑποστελλόμενος τῆς εὐδοκίας ἐκπεσεῖται τῆς θείας, (σελ. 490) καί γάρ «χωρίς πίστεως ἀδύνατον εὐαρεστῆσαι Θεῷ», πίστιν, τήν παντοδαπῆς πλάνης τό γένος ἡμῶν ἐλευθεροῦσαν ἀεί καί ἐνιδρύουσαν ἡμᾶς τῇ ἀληθείᾳ καί ἡμῖν τήν ἀλήθειαν, ἧς οὐδείς ἡμᾶς τῶν ἁπάντων ἀποκινήσει, κἄν μαινομένους ἡγήσηται, διά τῆς ὄντως πίστεως ἐξεστηκότας τήν ὑπέρ ἔννοιαν ἔκστασιν, ἔργῳ τε καί λόγῳ μαρτυροῦντας ὡς οὐ «περιφερόμεθα παντί ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας», ἀλλά τῆς ἑνιαίας τῶν χριστιανῶν ἀληθογνωσίας ἐχόμεθα καί τήν ἁπλουστέραν καί θειοτέραν καί ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀπλανῆ θεωρίαν πρεσβεύομεν. Ἵνα τοίνυν, τῶν μελλόντων ἀρτίως ἀφέμενοι, τήν ἐκ πίστεως ὑπέρ νοῦν θεωρίαν ἀπό τῶν γεγονότων ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐποπτεύσωμεν, «πίστει νοοῦμεν κατηρτίσθαι τούς αἰῶνας ρήματι Θεοῦ, εἰς τό μή ἐκ φαινομένων τά βλεπόμενα γεγονέναι». Ποῖος νοῦς χωρῆσαι δύναιτ᾿ ἄν ὡς ἐκ μηδαμῇ μηδαμῶς ὄντος τόδε γέγονε τό πᾶν καί ταῦτα λόγῳ μόνῳ; Ἐκεῖνο γάρ πάντως οὐχ ὑπεραναβαίνει τάς νοεράς ἐνεργείας, ὅ καταληπτόν ἐστι αὐταῖς. Ταῦ᾿ ἄρα καί οἱ σοφοί τῶν Ἑλλήνων, κατανοοήσαντες ὡς μεταχωρεῖ τό μή ὄν τῶν φθειρομένων οὐδέν, γίνεταί τε ἐκ μή ὄντος τῶν γινομένων οὐδέν, ἀγένητον καί ἀτελεύτητον τόν κόσμον ἐδόξασαν. Ἀλλ᾿ ὑπεραναβάσα ἡ πίστις τάς ἀπό τῆς τῶν κτισμάτων θεωρίας ἐγγινομένας ἐννοίας ἥνωσεν ἡμᾶς τῷ πάντων ὑπερανῳκισμένῳ λόγῳ καί τῇ ἀκατασκεύῳ καί ἁπλῇ ἀληθείᾳ καί κατενοήσαμεν κρεῖττον ἤ κατά ἀπόδειξιν, ὡς οὐ μόνον ἐκ μή ὄντων ἀλλά καί μόνῳ ρήματι Θεοῦ ἅπαντα παρήχθη. Τί οὖν ἡ πίστις αὕτη; Ἆρα φυσική τις δύναμις ἤ ὑπερφυής; Ὑπερφυής δήπου˙ διό οὔ δύναταί τις ἐλθεῖν πρός τόν Πατέρα, εἰ μή δι᾿ Υἱοῦ, τοῦ ὑπεράνω τιθέντος ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἡμᾶς καί τήν θεοποιόν ἁπλότητα διδόντος καί πρός τήν τοῦ συναγωγοῦ Πατρός ἐπιστρέφοντος ἑνότητα (σελ. 492) ∆ιά τοῦτο Παῦλος «ἔλαβε χάριν εἰς ὑπακοήν πίστεως», διά τοῦτο, «ἐάν ὁμολογήσῃς ἐν τῷ στόματί σου Κύριον Ἰησοῦν καί πιστεύσῃς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου ὅτι Θεός αὐτόν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν, σωθήσῃ», διά τοῦτο τῶν ἰδόντων καί πιστευσάντων εἰς τόν ἐκ νεκρῶν ζῶντα καί ἀρχηγόν τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς, οἱ μή ἰδόντες καί πιστεύσαντες μακαριώτεροι˙ ἅ γάρ καί ὀφθαλμός βλέπων ἑαυτῷ ἀπιστεῖ καί διάνοια καταλαβεῖν οὐκ ἔχει, ταῦτα διά τῶν τῆς πίστεως ὑπερκοσμίων ὀφθαλμῶν καί εἶδον καί ἐσεβάσθησαν.

«Αὕτη ἐστίν ἡ νίκη ἡ νικήσασα τόν κόσμον, ἡ πίστις ἡμῶν»˙ αὕτη ἐστίν, εἰ καί παράδοξον εἰπεῖν, ἡ καί τόν κάτω πρότερον κατά διαφόρους τρόπους καί καιρούς συστησαμένη κόσμον, εἶθ᾿ ὕστερον ἐπί τό θειότερον μετασκευάσασα καί ὑψοῦ τῶν οὐρανῶν αὐτόν θεῖσα καί τήν γῆν οὐρανώσασα. Τίς δευτέρου κόσμου σπέρματα ἐφύλαξεν; Οὐχ ἡ τοῦ Νῶε πίστις; Τίς τόν Ἀβραμ Ἀβραάμ καί πολλῶν ἐθνῶν πεποίηκε πατέρα, τῶν τε τῇ ψάμμῳ παρεικαζομένων καί τῶν τοῖς ἀστράσι παραπλησίων; Οὐχ ἡ περί τάς ἀκαταλήπτους τότε ἐκείνας ὑποσχέσεις πίστις; Τόν γάρ μονογενῆ διάδοχον προκείμενον εἶχεν σφαγήν καί δι᾿ αὐτοῦ πολυτεκνίαν, ὤ τοῦ θαύματος, ἀνενδοιάστως ἐπίστευσε. Τί οὖν, οὐχί μωραίνειν ἄν τότ᾿ ἔδοξεν ὁ γέρων τοῖς λογισμῷ τά πράγματα ὁρῶσιν; Ἀλλ᾿ ἔδειξεν ἡ διά τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ τῶν πραγμάτων ἔκβασις τήν πίστιν οὐκ ἀφροσύνην οὖσαν, ἀλλά γνῶσιν πάντα λογισμόν ὑπερέχουσαν. Νῶε δ᾿ αὖθις ἀπό τῆς κυρτῆς οὐρανοῦ περιφερείας ἀβύσσους προσεδόκησεν ὑδάτων. Ποῦ τά τῆς παρά σοί σεπτῆς φιλοσοφίας ληρήματα; Ἐπί τό κάτω καί μέσον φύσει πάντα φέρεται τά βάρη˙ τά κοῦφα, καθ᾿ ὅσον κοῦφα, κατά