101

he formed him whole from the beginning, so also now he creates him whole. And then indeed he says, Let us make a helper for him; but here nothing of the sort. For he who has received the grace of the Spirit, what need will he have of another helper? He who is a member of the body of Christ, what need of an alliance does he have thereafter? Then he made man in the image of God, now he has united him with God himself; then he commanded him to rule over the fish and the beasts, now he has raised our firstfruits above the heavens; then he gave paradise as a dwelling, but now he has opened heaven to us; then he was formed on the sixth day, since the age was also about to be completed; but now on the first day and in the beginnings, when there was also light. From all of which it is clear, that the things accomplished were for another, better life, and a state having no end. The first creation, then, was from the earth, that of Adam, and the one after that from a rib, that of the woman, and the one after it from seed, that of Abel; but nevertheless we are able to comprehend none of these, nor to represent in word what came to be, although they are most material. How then concerning the spiritual birth through baptism will we be able to give an account of what is much higher than these, and be required to give reasons for this wondrous and strange birth? since even angels are present at this birth as it happens. But one could not tell the manner of that wondrous birth through baptism. And they are present, accomplishing nothing, but only seeing what is happening. Father and Son and Holy Spirit work all things. Let us obey, therefore, the declaration of God; for it is more trustworthy than sight. For sight is often deceived; but it is impossible for that to fail. Let us obey it, therefore. For she who brought forth things that were not, would be worthy of belief also when discoursing on their nature. What then does she say? That what is accomplished is a birth. But if someone says to you, How? silence him with the declaration of Christ, which is the greatest and clearest proof. But if someone should ask, for what reason has the water been included? let us also ask in return: For what reason was the earth brought in at the beginning for the formation of man? For that it was possible for him to make man even without the earth, is surely clear to everyone. Therefore do not be overly cur 59.151 ious. For that the use of water is necessary and indispensable, you might learn thus. When the Spirit once descended before the water, the Apostle did not stop at that, but as though this also was necessary and not superfluous, see what he says: Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, who have received the Holy Spirit as well as we? What then is the use of the water? And this I will now at last tell, revealing to you the hidden mystery. For there are some other secret reasons for the matter, but for now out of the many I will tell you one. What then is this? Divine symbols are accomplished in it, burial and death, and resurrection and life, and all these happen together. For just as, in a kind of tomb, when we dip our heads in the water, the old man is buried, and, having gone down below, is hidden completely once for all; then when we emerge, the new man comes up again. For as it is easy for us to be baptized and to emerge, so it is easy for God to bury the old man, and to reveal the new. And this is done a third time, so that you may learn that the power of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit fulfills all these things. And that what has been said is not a conjecture, hear Paul saying: We were buried with him through baptism into death; and again, Our old man was crucified with him; and again, We have become united with the likeness of his death. And not only is baptism called a cross, but the cross is also called a baptism. For the baptism that I am baptized with, he says, you will be baptized; and again, I have a baptism to be baptized with, which you do not know. For just as we are easily baptized and emerge; so also he, having died easily when he wished, rose again; or rather, much more easily, even if he waited the three days for the economy of a certain mystery. 3.

101

ἀρχῆς ὁλόκληρον ἔπλασεν, οὕτω καὶ νῦν ὁλόκληρον αὐτὸν δημιουργεῖ. Καὶ τότε μέν φησι, Ποιήσωμεν αὐτῷ βοηθόν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον. Ὁ γὰρ τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος λαβὼν χάριν, τίνος δεήσεται βοηθοῦ ἑτέρου; ὁ εἰς τὸ σῶμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ τελῶν, ποίαν ἔχει λοιπὸν συμμαχίας χρείαν; Τότε κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ ἐποίησε τὸν ἄνθρωπον, νῦν αὐτῷ τῷ Θεῷ ἥνωσε· τότε ἰχθύων ἄρχειν καὶ θηρίων ἐκέλευσε, νῦν ὑπεράνω τῶν οὐρανῶν τὴν ἀπαρχὴν ἡμῶν ἀνήγαγεν· τότε παράδεισον ἔδωκε τὴν δίαιταν, νῦν δὲ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἡμῖν ἀνέῳξε· τότε ἐπλάσθη τῇ ἕκτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, ἐπειδὴ ἔμελλε καὶ συντελεῖσθαι ὁ αἰών· νῦν δὲ τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἐν προοιμίοις, ὅτε καὶ τὸ φῶς. Ἐξ ὧν πάντων δῆλον, ὅτι ἑτέρας ζωῆς ἀμείνονος τὰ τελούμενα ἦν, καὶ καταστάσεως πέρας οὐκ ἐχούσης. Ἡ μὲν οὖν προτέρα πλάσις ἀπὸ γῆς, ἡ τοῦ Ἀδὰμ, καὶ ἀπὸ πλευρᾶς ἡ μετ' ἐκείνην, ἡ τῆς γυναικὸς, καὶ ἀπὸ σπέρματος ἡ μετ' αὐτὴν, ἡ τοῦ Ἄβελ· ἀλλ' ὅμως οὐδεμιᾶς ἐφικέσθαι δυνάμεθα τούτων, οὐδὲ παραστῆσαι λόγῳ τὰ γενόμενα, καίτοι παχύτατα ὄντα. Πῶς οὖν περὶ τῆς νοητῆς τῆς διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος γεννήσεως δυνησόμεθα δοῦναι εὐθύνας τῆς πολλῷ τούτων ὑψηλοτέρας, καὶ λογισμοὺς ἀπαιτεῖσθαι τῆς θαυμαστῆς καὶ παραδόξου ταύτης λοχείας; ἐπεὶ καὶ ἄγγελοι τῇ γεννήσει ταύτῃ παρεστήκασι γινομένῃ. Εἰπεῖν δὲ τὸν τρόπον οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι τις τῆς θαυμαστῆς ἐκείνης γεννήσεως τῆς διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος. Καὶ παρεστήκασι τελοῦντες μὲν οὐδὲν, μόνον ὁρῶντες δὲ τὰ γινόμενα. Πατὴρ καὶ Υἱὸς καὶ ἅγιον Πνεῦμα πάντα ἐργάζεται. Πειθώμεθα τοίνυν τῇ ἀποφάσει τοῦ Θεοῦ· ὄψεως γάρ ἐστιν αὐτὴν πιστοτέρα. Ἡ μὲν γὰρ ὄψις πολλαχοῦ καὶ σφάλλεται· ἐκείνην δὲ ἀμήχανον διαπεσεῖν. Πειθώμεθα τοίνυν αὐτῇ. Ἡ γὰρ τὰ μὴ ὄντα παραγαγοῦσα, ἀξιόπιστος ἂν εἴη καὶ περὶ τῆς φύσεως αὐτῶν διαλεγομένη. Τί οὖν αὕτη φησίν; Ὅτι γέννησίς ἐστι τὸ τελούμενον. Εἰ δέ τίς σοι λέγοι, Πῶς; ἐπιστόμισον αὐτὸν τῇ ἀποφάσει τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἥπερ ἐστὶ μεγίστη καὶ σαφὴς ἀπόδειξις. Εἰ δέ τις ἐρωτῴη, τίνος ἕνεκεν τὸ ὕδωρ παρείληπται; ἀντερωτήσωμεν καὶ ἡμεῖς· Τίνος δὲ ἕνεκεν ἡ γῆ παρὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου διάπλασιν παρήγετο; Ὅτι γὰρ καὶ τῆς γῆς χωρὶς ποιῆσαι ἄνθρωπον αὐτῷ δυνατὸν ἦν, παντί που δῆλον. Μηδὲν τοίνυν περιερ 59.151 γάζου. Ὅτι γὰρ ἀναγκαία καὶ ἀπαραίτητος ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος χρεία, οὕτως ἂν μάθοις. Τοῦ Πνεύματός ποτε καταπτάντος πρὸ τοῦ ὕδατος, οὐκ ἔστη μέχρις ἐκείνου ὁ Ἀπόστολος, ἀλλ' ὡς ἀναγκαίου καὶ τούτου καὶ οὐ περισσοῦ, ὅρα τί φησι· Μήτι τὸ ὕδωρ δύναταί τις κωλῦσαι, τοῦ μὴ βαπτισθῆναι τούτους, οἵτινες τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἔλαβον ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς; Τίς οὖν ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος χρεία; Καὶ ταύτην ἤδη λοιπὸν ἐρῶ, τὸ μυστήριον ἐκκαλύπτων ὑμῖν τὸ ἀποκεκρυμμένον. Εἰσὶ μὲν γάρ τινες καὶ ἕτεροι ἀπόῤῥητοι λόγοι τοῦ πράγματος, τέως δὲ ἐκ τῶν πολλῶν ὑμῖν ἐγὼ ἕνα ἐρῶ. Τίς οὖν οὗτός ἐστι; Θεῖα τελεῖται ἐν αὐτῷ σύμβολα, τάφος καὶ νέκρωσις, καὶ ἀνάστασις καὶ ζωὴ, καὶ ταῦτα ὁμοῦ γίνεται πάντα. Καθάπερ γὰρ, ἔν τινι τάφῳ, τῷ ὕδατι καταδυόντων ἡμῶν τὰς κεφαλὰς, ὁ παλαιὸς ἄνθρωπος θάπτεται, καὶ, καταδὺς κάτω, κρύπτεται ὅλος καθάπαξ· εἶτα ἀνανευόντων ἡμῶν, ὁ καινὸς ἄνεισι πάλιν. Ὥσπερ γὰρ εὔκολον ἡμῖν βαπτίσασθαι καὶ ἀνανεῦσαι, οὕτως εὔκολον τῷ Θεῷ θάψαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν παλαιὸν, καὶ ἀναδεῖξαι τὸν νέον. Τρίτον δὲ τοῦτο γίνεται, ἵνα μάθῃς, ὅτι δύναμις Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ Πνεύματος ἁγίου ἅπαντα ταῦτα πληροῖ. Καὶ ὅτι οὐ στοχασμὸς τὸ εἰρημένον, ἄκουσον Παύλου λέγοντος· Συνετάφημεν αὐτῷ διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος εἰς τὸν θάνατον· καὶ πάλιν, Ὁ παλαιὸς ἡμῶν ἄνθρωπος συνεσταυρώθη· καὶ πάλιν, Σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ. Οὐ μόνον δὲ τὸ βάπτισμα σταυρὸς λέγεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ σταυρὸς βάπτισμα. Τὸ γὰρ βάπτισμα, ὃ ἐγὼ βαπτίζομαι, φησὶ, βαπτισθήσεσθε· καὶ πάλιν, Βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι, ὃ ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε. Καθάπερ γὰρ ἡμεῖς εὐκόλως βαπτιζόμεθα καὶ ἀνανεύομεν· οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς εὐκόλως ἀποθανὼν, ὅτε ἠθέλησεν, ἀνέστη· μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ πολλῷ ῥᾷον, εἰ καὶ τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας διὰ μυστηρίου τινὸς οἰκονομίαν ἀνέμενε. γʹ.