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is united without mixture, being light and seeing light through light; and if he sees himself, he sees light, and if he looks toward that which he sees, this too is light, and if he has that through which he sees, that too is light, and this is the union, for all those things to be one, so that the one seeing does not even have the ability to distinguish that through which and unto which and what he himself is, but only this, that he is light and sees a light other than all created things.

Wherefore also the great Paul says that during that powerful rapture he was ignorant of what he was. Yet he saw himself; how? by sense, or by reason, or by intellect? But having been snatched away from these, he was removed from the powers. Therefore, he saw himself by the Spirit who had effected the rapture. But what was he himself, being incomprehensible to every natural power, or rather, being released from every (p. 480) natural power? Surely that to which he was united and through which he knew himself and for which he was released from all things. For he had this union with the light, which not even angels could attain, unless through the uniting grace they were to transcend themselves. How then was he at that time also Spirit, to which he is united, from which he also had his being united, having gone out from all existing things and having become that by grace and not being by transcendence, that is, above created things, as also the divine Maximus says: "For he who has come to be in God has left all things that are after God behind himself"; and again, "all things and names and dignities that are after God will be beneath those who will come to be in God through grace." Having become such, the divine Paul at that time in no way partook of the divine essence; and so the essence of God is above that which is not by transcendence, just as He is also above-God, and there is that which is not by transcendence, seen spiritually through noetic perception, which is least of all the essence of God, but is the inseparable glory and radiance of His nature, through which He is united only to the worthy, both angels and men. Nevertheless, since just as angels, so also men in these ways see God and are united to God and hymn God, perhaps an angel too, if he were to describe that supernatural vision of his, would have said plainly what Paul said, that "I know an angel who saw, I do not know if he was even an angel, God knows." These visions of the saints, then, which God alone knows and those who are energized according to them, just as Gregory the Theologian also says, to call these, therefore, sensible and imaginary and symbolic like sensible things and to compare them to human knowledge, is this the mark of a man who comprehends the infinity of the divine height and to what He has philanthropically drawn our lowliness?

(p. 482) But behold, three have been brought before us, one from each of the three orders in the Christ-named fullness, from the apostles Peter the coryphaeus, from the hierarchs Dionysius the interpreter of every divinely-inspired hierarchy, from the anchorites Isaac the mystic and initiator of the hesychastic way of life, and as it is written concerning the shepherds at the birth of Christ that immediately with the word of the angel a multitude of the heavenly host appeared, bearing witness together, so also with the word of the apostle a multitude of apostles appeared in agreement, and of holy ones and priests for each of the remaining. This multitude, therefore, all in agreement sent up a voice that there is a light that appears to the saints, which is other than the knowledge from all created things, and is more sacred by as much as it is also the glory of God's nature, and is seen only by those who have become godlike, and is so far from being imaginary or like sensible lights or symbolically fashioned according to them, that this is the substance and beauty of the age to come, the only true light, eternal, unchanging, unsetting, unalterable, through which we become light, offspring of perfect light. These so many, then, you mock, calling them "effluent and inspired," and you say, O philosopher, that the God-seers sin concerning the essence of God,

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ἀμιγῶς ἑνοῦται, φῶς ὄν καί ὁρῶν φῶς διά φωτός˙ κἄν ἑαυτόν βλέπῃ, φῶς ὁρᾷ, κἄν πρός ἐκεῖνο ὅ ὁρᾷ, φῶς ἐστι καί τοῦτο, κἄν τό δι᾿ οὗ ἔχῃ τό ὁρᾶν, καί ἐκεῖνο φῶς ἐστι, καί τοῦτ᾿ ἐστίν ἡ ἕνωσις, ἕν πάντ᾿ ἐκεῖνα εἶναι, ὡς μηδέ ἔχειν διαγινώσκειν τόν ὁρῶντα τό δι᾿ οὗ καί εἰς ὅ καί τί αὐτό ἐστιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἤ τοῦτο μόνον ὅτι φῶς ἐστι καί φῶς ὁρᾷ τῶν κτισμάτων πάντων ἄλλο.

∆ιό καί ὁ μέγας Παῦλος κατά τήν ἐξουσίαν ἁρπαγήν ἐκείνην ἀγνοεῖν ἑαυτόν φησι τί ἦν. Ἑώρα μέντοι ἑαυτόν˙ πῶς; αἰσθητῶς ἤ λογικῶς ἤ νοερῶς; Ἀλλά τούτων ἁρπαγείς ἀπανέστη τῶν δυνάμεων. ∆ιό τοῦ τήν ἁρπαγήν ἄρ᾿ ἐξειργασμέου πνεύματος ἑώρα ἑαυτόν. Αὐτός δέ τί ἦν, ἄληπτος ὤν πάσῃ φυσικῇ δυνάμει, μᾶλλον δ᾿ ἀπολελυμένος πάσης (σελ480) φυσικῆς δυνάμεως; Πάντως ἐκεῖνο ᾧ ἡνώθη καί δι᾿ οὗ ἑαυτόν ἐγίνωσκε καί δι᾿ ὅ πάντων ἀφειμένος ἦν. Ταύτην γάρ ἔσχε πρός τό φῶς τήν ἕνωσιν, ἧς οὐδ᾿ ἄγγελοι τυγχάνοιεν ἄν, εἰ μή διά τῆς ἑνούσης χάριτος ὑπερβαῖεν ἑαυτούς. Πῶς ἄρα καί Πνεῦμα ἦν ἐκεῖνος τότε, ᾧ καί ἥνωται, ἐξ οὗ καί τό ἡνῶσθαι εἶχε, τῶν ὄντων πάντων ἐκστάς καί ἐκεῖνο κατά χάριν γεγονώς καί καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὤν, ἤγουν ὑπέρ τά κτιστά, ὡς καί ὁ θεῖος Μάξιμος φησιν˙ «ὁ γάρ ἐν Θεῷ γενόμενος πάντα τά μετά Θεόν κατέλιπε κατόπιν ἑαυτοῦ»˙ καί πάλιν, «πάντα τά μετά Θεοῦ πράγματα καί ὀνόματα καί ἀξιώματα ὑποκάτω τῶν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ διά τῆς χάριτος γενησομένων ἔσται». Τοιοῦτο δέ γεγονώς ὁ θεῖος τότε Παῦλος τῆς θείας οὐσίας μετέσχεν οὐδαμῶς˙ καί ὑπέρ τό καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὄν ἄρα ἡ οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ, καθάπερ καί ὑπέρθεος, καί ἔστι καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν μή ὄν, διά νοερᾶς αἰσθήσεως πνευματικῶς ὁρώμενον, ὅ οὐσία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἥκιστά ἐστι, δόξα δέ καί λαμπρότης τῆς αὐτοῦ φύσεως ἀχώριστος, δι᾿ ἧς ἑνοῦται τοῖς ἀξίοις μόνοις, καί ἀγγέλοις καί ἀνθρώποις. Οὐ μήν ἀλλ᾿ ἐπείπερ ὡς οἱ ἄγγελοι οὕτω κάι οἱ ἄνθρωποι κατά τούς τρόπους τούτους ὁρῶσι τόν Θεόν καί ἑνοῦνται τῷ Θεῷ καί ὑμνοῦσι τόν Θεόν, τάχ᾿ ἄν καί ἄγγελος, εἰ τήν ἑαυτοῦ ὑπερφυᾶ ἐκείνην ὅρασιν ἐξεῖπε, τά τοῦ Παύλου ἄντικρυς ἄν εἶπεν, ὅτι «οἶδα ἄγγελον ἴδόντα, οὐκ οἶδα εἴγε ἦν κἄν ἄγγελος, ὁ Θεός οἶδεν». Τάς οὖν ὁράσεις ταύτας τῶν ἁγίων, ἅς οἶδε μόνος ὁ Θεός καί οἱ κατ᾿ ἐκείνας ἐνεργούμενοι, καθάπερ καί Γρηγόριος ὁ θεολόγος λέγει, ταύτας οὖν αἰσθητάς λέγειν καί φαντασιώδεις καί συμβολικάς ὡς αἰσθητάς καί πρός τήν ἀνθρωπίνην γνῶσιν παραβάλλειν, ἆρ᾿ ἀνδρός ἐστι συνορῶντος τήν τοῦ θείου ὕψους ἀπειρίαν καί πρός τί φιλανθρώπως εἵλκυσε τήν ἡμῶν ἐσχατιάν;

(σελ. 482) Ἀλλ᾿ ἰδού τρεῖς ἡμῖν παρήχθησαν, εἷς ἀφ᾿ ἑκάστου τῶν τριῶν ἐν τῷ χριστωνύμῳ πληρώματι ταγμάτων, ἐκ τῶν ἀποστόλων Πέτρος ὁ κορυφαῖος, ἐκ τῶν ἱεραρχῶν ∆ιονύσιος ὁ πάσης ἐνθέου ἱεραρχίας ὑποφήτης, ἐκ τῶν ἀναχωρητῶν Ἰσαάκ ὁ μύστης καί τελετής τῆς καθ᾿ ἡσυχίαν ἀγωγῆς, καί κατά τό γεγραμμένον ἐπί τῶν κατά τήν Χριστοῦ γέννησιν ποιμένων ὅτι εὐθύς σύν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ ἀγγέλου πλῆθος οὐρανίου στρατιᾶς ἐπέστη συμμαρτυροῦν, οὕτω καί σύν τῷ τοῦ ἀποστόλου λόγῳ πλῆθος ἐπέστη ἀποστόλων συμφωνοῦν, ὁσίων τε καί ἱερέων ἐφ᾿ ἑκατέρου τῶν λοιπῶν. Τοῦτο τοίνυν τό πλῆθος ὁμόλογον ἅπαν ἀνέπεμψαν φωνήν ὡς ἔστι φῶς τοῖς ἁγίοις φαινόμενον, ἄλλο μέν παρά τήν ἀπό τῶν κτιστῶν ἁπάντων γνῶσιν, τοσούτῳ δ᾿ ἱερώτερον ὅσῳ καί δόξα ἐστί φύσεως Θεοῦ, καί τοῖς θεοειδέσι μόνοις γενομένοις καθορᾶται, τοσούτῳ δ᾿ ἀπέχον τοῦ φαντασιῶδες εἶναι ἤ τοῖς αἰσθητοῖς παραπλησίον φωσίν ἤ συμβολικῶς κατ᾿ αὐτά διαπεπλάσθαι, ὡς καί τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος τοῦθ᾿ ὑπόστασιν καί καλλονήν ὑπάρχειν, μόνον φῶς ἀληθινόν, αἰώνιον, ἄτρεπτον, ἀνέσπερον, ἀναλλοίωτον, δι᾿ οὗ φῶς ἡμεῖς γενόμεθα, τελείου φωτός γεννήματα. Τούτους οὖν τούς τοσούτους «ἀπορρέοντάς τε καί εἰσπνέοντας» καλῶν διασύρεις καί περί τήν τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐσίαν ἁμαρτάνειν λέγεις, φιλόσοφε, τούς θεόπτας,