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indeed became eloquent in the Roman language and wrote worthy treatises, as has been said, which contended against the dogmas of Arius. Thus, this Hilary and Eusebius in the region towards the west supported the dogma of the synod of Nicaea. 5.14.1 At this time, the partisans of Macedonius, among whom were Eleusius, Eustathius, and Sophronius, having now openly begun to be called Macedonians as being distinguished as a distinct sect, and having obtained impunity by the death of Constantius, called together those who had agreed with them at Seleucia, and held certain 5.14.2 synods. And they rejected the partisans of Acacius and the creed confirmed at Ariminum, but they voted in favor of the one set forth at Antioch, which was later ratified by them at Seleucia. But when they were accused of why they differed from the partisans of Acacius, with whom they had previously been in communion as being of the same 5.14.3 opinion, they responded thus through Sophronius the Paphlagonian, that "those in the west held the *homoousion*, while Aetius in the east held the *anomoion* in substance; both of which are lawless. And the former improperly wove the particular hypostases of the Father and the Son into a unity by the name *homoousion*, while the latter completely separated the relationship of the nature of the Son from the Father." But that they themselves were pious, saying that the Son is like the Father according to hypostasis, and that they had chosen this middle way between both, each having gone to the opposite extreme. And so they attempted to defend themselves to those who blamed them. 5.15.1 But the emperor, having learned that Athanasius was holding services in the church of the Alexandrians and teaching the crowds without fear and persuading many of the Hellenes to convert to Christianity, ordered him to depart from Alexandria. 5.15.2 And he proclaimed the greatest penalties for him if he remained there, making the pretext for the charges that, having been condemned to exile by the emperors before him, he had taken back the throne of the episcopate without being permitted; for he did not grant a return to the churches for those exiled by Constantius, 5.15.3 but only to their homelands. And because of this imperial command, as he was about to flee, seeing the crowd of Christians around him weeping, he said, "Take courage, for it is a little cloud, and it will quickly pass"; and having said this, he took his leave, and entrusting the church to the most earnest of his friends, he departed from the city of the Alexandrians. 5.15.4 At this time, when the Cyzicenes sent an embassy to the emperor about their own affairs and the restoration of the Hellenic temples, he praised them 5.15.5 for their foresight concerning sacred things, and granted all that they had requested. And he confined Eleusius, their bishop, to the city, on the grounds that he had damaged the temples and insulted the sacred precincts, and had built homes for widows and established convents for sacred virgins, and was persuading the Hellenists to neglect 5.15.6 their ancestral rites. And he forbade the foreign Christians with him from entering Cyzicus, alleging as a reason that they would likely stir up sedition on account of their religion, with the Christians of the city and the public wool-workers and the 5.15.7 artisans of the mint, who held similar views about the divine, joining them. These, being a multitude and divided into two populous battalions by command of the former emperors, dwelt with their wives and families in Cyzicus, paying a fixed tax to the public treasury each year, some for military cloaks, and others for new co5.15.8ins. For since it was his firm resolve to establish Hellenism by every means, he considered it ill-advised to compel or punish the populace for not being willing to sacrifice. For the governors would with difficulty have even registered the number of so many in each city; nor indeed did he prevent them from assembling and praying according to their own judgment. For he knew that matters of 5.15. voluntary choice, needing persuasion for their establishment, could never be successfully achieved by compulsion. But the clergy and the leaders of the churches

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δὴ καὶ ἐλλόγιμος τῇ ῾Ρωμαίων γλώττῃ ἐγένετο καὶ λόγους ἀξιοχρέους, ὡς εἴρηται, συνέγραψεν, ἀπομαχομένους τοῖς ᾿Αρείου δόγμασιν. ὧδε μὲν ῾Ιλάριος οὗτος καὶ Εὐσέβιος ἐν τῇ πρὸς δύσιν ἀρχομένῃ τὸ δόγμα τῆς ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνόδου συνεκρότουν. 5.14.1 ᾿Εν τούτῳ δὲ οἱ ἀμφὶ Μακεδόνιον, ὧν ἦν ᾿Ελεύσιός τε καὶ Εὐστάθιος καὶ Σωφρόνιος, ἤδη εἰς τὸ προφανὲς Μακεδονιανοὶ καλεῖσθαι ἀρξάμενοι ὡς εἰς ἴδιον διακριθέντες σύστημα, ἀδείας τετυχηκότες τῇ Κωνσταντίου τελευτῇ, συγκαλέσαντες τοὺς ἐν Σελευκείᾳ ὁμόφρονας αὐτοῖς γενομένους, συνόδους 5.14.2 τινὰς ἐποιήσαντο. καὶ τοὺς ἀμφὶ ᾿Ακάκιον καὶ τὴν βεβαιωθεῖσαν ἐν ᾿Αριμήνῳ πίστιν ἀπεκήρυξαν, τῇ δὲ ἐν ᾿Αντιοχείᾳ ἐκτεθείσῃ, ὕστερον δὲ ἐν Σελευκείᾳ πρὸς αὐτῶν κυρωθείσῃ, ἐπεψηφίσαντο. ἐγκαλούμενοι δὲ τί δή ποτε πρὸς τοὺς ἀμφὶ ᾿Ακάκιον διαφέρονται, πρότερον αὐτοῖς ὡς ὁμοδόξοις 5.14.3 κοινωνοῦντες, τάδε διὰ Σωφρονίου τοῦ Παφλαγόνος ἀπεκρίναντο, ὡς «οἱ κατὰ τὴν δύσιν τὸ ὁμοούσιον ἐδόξαζον, ᾿Αέτιος δὲ ἐν τῇ ἕῳ τὸ κατ' οὐσίαν ἀνόμοιον· ἃ ἀμφότερα ἔκνομα· καὶ οἱ μὲν ἀτάκτως τὰς ἰδιαζούσας ὑποστάσεις πατρὸς καὶ υἱοῦ συνέπλεκον εἰς ἑνότητα τῷ τοῦ ὁμοουσίου ὀνόματι, ὁ δὲ σφόδρα τῆς τοῦ υἱοῦ πρὸς τὸν πατέρα φύσεως διίστα τὴν οἰκειότητα»· σφᾶς δὲ εὐσεβεῖν, ὅμοιον εἶναι τῷ πατρὶ τὸν υἱὸν καθ' ὑπόστασιν λέγοντας, καὶ μέσην ἀμφοῖν ταύτην τὴν ὁδὸν ἐπιλέξασθαι ἑκατέρων πρὸς ἄκρον τοῦ ἐναντίου χωρησάντων. καὶ οἱ μὲν ὧδε ἀπολογεῖσθαι τοῖς μεμφομένοις ἐπειρῶντο. 5.15.1 ῾Ο δὲ βασιλεὺς πυθόμενος ἐκκλησιάζειν ᾿Αθανάσιον ἐν τῇ ᾿Αλεξανδρέωνἐκκλησίᾳ καὶ ἀδεῶς διδάσκειν τὰ πλήθη καὶ πολλοὺς ῾Ελλήνων πείθειν εἰς Χριστιανισμὸν μετατίθεσθαι, προσέταξεν αὐτὸν ἐξιέναι τῆς ᾿Αλεξανδρείας. 5.15.2 μένοντι δὲ ἐν ταύτῃ μεγίστας προηγόρευσε ζημίας, πρόφασιν ἐγκλημάτων ποιησάμενος, ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ βασιλέων φεύγειν καταδικασθείς, μὴ ἐπιτραπεὶς ἀντελάβετο τοῦ θρόνου τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς· μὴ γὰρ συγχωρῆσαι αὐτὸν εἰς τὰς ἐκκλησίας κάθοδον τοῖς παρὰ Κωνσταντίου φυγαδευθεῖσιν, 5.15.3 ἀλλ' εἰς τὰς πατρίδας μόνον. διὰ τοῦτο δὲ τὸ βασιλέως πρόσταγμα μέλλων φεύγειν, δεδακρυμένην ἰδὼν ἀμφ' αὐτὸν τὴν τῶν Χριστιανῶν πληθύν «θαρρεῖτε», ἔφη, «νεφύδριον γάρ ἐστι, καὶ θᾶττον παρελεύσεται»· καὶ τοῦτο εἰπὼν συνετάξατο, καὶ τοῖς σπουδαιοτέροις τῶν φίλων τὴν ἐκκλησίαν παραθέμενος ἐξῆλθε τῆς ᾿Αλεξανδρέων πόλεως. 5.15.4 ᾿Εν τούτῳ δὲ Κυζικηνῶν πρεσβευσαμένων πρὸς βασιλέα περὶ οἰκείων πραγμάτων καὶ τῆς ἐπανορθώσεως τῶν ῾Ελληνικῶν ναῶν, ἐπαινέσας αὐτοὺς 5.15.5 τῆς περὶ τὰ ἱερὰ προνοίας, πάντα παρέσχεν ὧνπερ ἐδέησαν. καὶ ᾿Ελεύσιον δὲ τὸν παρ' αὐτοῖς ἐπίσκοπον τῆς πόλεως εἷρξεν, ὡς λυμηνάμενον τοῖς ναοῖς καὶ τοῖς τεμένεσιν ἐνυβρίσαντα καὶ χηροτροφεῖα κατασκευάσαντα καὶ παρθενῶνας ἱερῶν παρθένων συστησάμενον καὶ τοὺς ῾Ελληνιστὰς πείθοντα 5.15.6 τῶν πατρίων ἀμελεῖν. ἀπηγόρευσε δὲ καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ ξένοις Χριστιανοῖς μὴ ἐπιβαίνειν Κυζίκῳ, αἰτίαν ἐπαγαγὼν ὡς εἰκὸς αὐτοὺς τῆς θρησκείας ἕνεκα στασιάσαι, συναιρομένων αὐτοῖς καὶ παραπλησίως περὶ τὸ θεῖον φρονούντων τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως Χριστιανῶν καὶ τῶν δημοσίων ἐριουργῶν καὶ 5.15.7 τῶν τεχνιτῶν τοῦ νομίσματος. οἳ πλῆθος ὄντες καὶ εἰς δύο τάγματα πολυάνθρωπα διακεκριμένοι ἐκ προστάγματος τῶν πρὶν βασιλέων ἅμα γυναιξὶ καὶ οἰκείοις ἀνὰ τὴν Κύζικον διέτριβον, ἔτους ἑκάστου ῥητὴν ἀποφορὰν τῷ δημοσίῳ κατατιθέντες, οἱ μὲν στρατιωτικῶν χλαμύδων, οἱ δὲ νεουργῶν νο5.15.8 μισμάτων. ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου δέδοκτο αὐτῷ συστῆσαι τὸν ῾Ελληνισμόν, βιάζεσθαι μὲν ἢ τιμωρεῖσθαι τοὺς δήμους μὴ ἐθέλοντας θύειν ἀβουλίας νενόμικε. σχολῇ γὰρ ἂν τοσούτων καθ' ἑκάστην πόλιν οἱ ἄρχοντες τὸν ἀριθμὸν μόνον ἀπεγράψαντο· οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ συνιέναι καὶ κατὰ γνώμην εὔχεσθαι διεκώλυε. ᾔδει γὰρ ὡς οὐκ ἀνάγκῃ ποτὲ κατορθωθείη τὰ προ5.15. αιρέσεως ἑκουσίας εἰς σύστασιν δεόμενα. τοὺς δὲ κληρικοὺς καὶ τοὺς προεστῶτας τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν