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Of God and to possess and to see God. For (p. 504) both discourse and theology by way of negation are discourse, but contemplations are also beyond discourse, and he to whom the unutterable things were revealed showed this. Since, therefore, theology by way of negation is also discourse, then contemplation is also beyond it or beyond discourse, and the contemplatives of the things beyond discourse ascend beyond this, not by discourse, but by deed and truth and the grace of God and of the all-powerful Spirit, which gives us to see "what eye has not seen and ear has not heard".

But he, not even moderately understanding these things, thinks that the great Dionysius bears witness with him, saying, "in the divine darkness is everyone who is deemed worthy to know and see God, by the very fact of not seeing nor knowing, truly being in that which is beyond sight and knowledge"; and elsewhere, "it is possible only for those who have passed beyond all things, even the pure, and every ascent of all holy summits, and all the divine lights, to enter into the darkness where He who is beyond all things truly is." "One enters," says the philosopher, "into this darkness through the abstraction of all existing things, and this is the most perfect contemplation, this darkness, theology by way of negation alone, and beyond knowing nothing there is nothing, so that even that divine light, whatever it is, which you speak of, must be left behind, so that you may run up to the theology and contemplation which is by way of negation." But we say that light of grace is that which the great Dionysius himself says always, eternally and unceasingly shines around the saints in that most blessed state of the age to come, "as also the disciples at the most divine Transfiguration." What device, then, could there be, or what profit, to be released from that which eternally shines around and is unfailingly seen then (and this not only sensorially but also noetically, but rather even beyond these, spiritually and divinely, as we have often (p. 506) and through many things shown), from Him who unites us in a manner better than ourselves eternally to those things better than the mind and gives to see the things beyond you? For just as the mind, ineffably united with sense perception, sees sensible things, and just as sense perception, through its connection to the mind, symbolically and sensorially sets forth intelligible things, having come to a comprehension of them, so also these two, united to the Spirit, will spiritually behold the invisible light, or rather, they will co-exist eternally with it while beholding it. What device is there, then, to be rid of the light that will then so eternally illumine us, in order that we might enjoy what seems to you the most perfect contemplation? But if we are able now to leave and transcend this light, but then we are not, then the present age is better for us than the age to come, and those who fight against the eternal and true light are reasonably terrified about it.

Does the great Dionysius, then, agree with these things? And how could he who, more than anyone, extolled this light? This we have indeed already demonstrated through many arguments in the treatises brought forth On Light and Divine Illumination, that he who is most of all opposed to those who oppose the great light, this is the most brilliant luminary of the world from the Areopagus. But now let us take up and see his words which have been put forth by them. Writing, then, to Dorotheus the deacon, he says, "the divine darkness is the unapproachable light because of the excess of its super-essential outpouring of light; in this is everyone who is deemed worthy to know and see God, by the very fact of not seeing nor knowing, being in that which is beyond sight and knowledge, knowing this very thing, that He is after all things sensible and intelligible." Here, therefore, he calls the same thing both darkness and light, and seeing and not seeing, and knowing and not knowing. How then is this light also darkness? "Because of the excess," (p. 508) he says, "of its outpouring of light," so that it is properly light, but darkness by pre-eminence, as it is invisible to those who attempt to approach and see it through the energies of sense or mind.

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Θεοῦ καί κεκτῆσθαι καί ὁρᾶν Θεόν. Λόγος μέν (σελ. 504) γάρ καί ἡ κατά ἀπόφασιν θεολογία, θεωρίαι δέ εἰσι καί ὑπέρ λόγον, καί τοῦτ᾿ ἔδειξεν ὁ ἀποκαλυφθείς τά ἄρρητα. Ἐπεί τοίνυν λόγος καί ἡ δι᾿ ἀποφάσεως θεολογία, καί ὑπέρ αὐτήν ἄρα ἐστίν ἤ ὑπέρ λόγον θεωρία, καί ὑπεραναβαίνουσι ταύτην οἱ θεωρητικοί τῶν ὑπέρ λόγον, οὐ λόγῳ, ἔργῳ δέ καί ἀληθείᾳ καί χάριτι Θεοῦ καί τοῦ πάντα δυναμένου Πνεύματος, ὅ δίδωσιν ἡμῖν ὁρᾶν «ἅ ὀφθαλμός οὐκ εἶδε καί οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν».

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνος ταῦτα οὐδέ μετρίως συνιείς, τόν μέγαν οἴεται συμμαρτυρεῖν αὐτῷ ∆ιονύσιον λέγοντα, «ἐν τῷ θείῳ γνόφῳ γίνεται πᾶς ὁ Θεόν γνῶναι καί ἰδεῖν ἀξιούμενος, αὐτῷ τῷ μή ὁρᾶν μηδέ γινώσκειν, ἀληθῶς ἐν τῷ ὑπέρ ὅρασιν καί γνῶσιν γινόμενος»˙ καί ἀλλαχοῦ, «μόνοις ὑπάρχει εἰσδύεσθαι εἰς τόν γνόφον, οὗ ὄντως ἐστίν ὁ πάντων ἐπέκεινα, τοῖς πάντα καί τά καθαρά καί πᾶσαν πασῶν ἁγίων ἀκροτήτων ἀνάβασιν καί πάντα τά θεῖα φῶτα ὑπερβᾶσιν». «Εἰσέρχεται δέ τις», φησίν ὁ φιλόσοφος, «εἰς τοῦτον τόν γνόφον διά τῆς τῶν πάντων τῶν ὄντων ἀφαιρέσεως, καί τοῦτό ἐστιν ἡ τελεωτάτη θεωρία, ὁ γνόφος οὗτος, ἡ δι᾿ ἀποφάσεως θεολογία μόνη, καί τοῦ μηδέν γινώσκειν οὐδέν ἐστιν ἐπέκεινα, ὥστε καί τό θεῖον φῶς ἐκεῖνο, ὅ τί ποτέ ἐστιν, ὅ λέγεται ὑμεῖς, ἀπολιπεῖν δεῖ, ἵνα πρός τήν κατά ἀπόφασιν θεολογίαν τε καί θεωρίαν ἀναδράμητε». Ἀλλά μήν φῶς ἡμεῖς τῆς χάριτος ἐκεῖνο λέγομεν, ὅ φησιν αὐτός ὁ μέγας ∆ιονύσιος πάντοτε αἰωνίως καί ἀδιαλείπτως περιαστράπτειν τούς ἁγίους ἐν τῇ μακαριωτάτῃ ἐκείνῃ διαγωγή τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος, «ὡς καί τούς μαθητάς ἐν τῇ θειοτάτῃ μεταμορφώσει». Τίς ἄν οὖν γένοιτο μηχανή τοῦ ἀϊδίως περιλάμποντος καί ἀνεκλείπτως ὁρωμένου τότε (καί ταῦτ᾿ οὐ μόνον αἰσθητῶς ἀλλά καί νοερῶς, μᾶλλον δέ καί ὑπέρ ταῦτα πενυματικῶς καί θεϊκῶς, ὡς πολλάκις (σελ. 506) καί διά πολλῶν ἐδείξαμεν), τίς οὖν μηχανή, τίς δ᾿ ὄνησις ἀπολελύσθαι, τοῦ κρεῖττον ἤ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς τοῖς νοῦ κρείττοσιν ἑνοῦντος αἰωνίως καί διδόντος τά ὑπέρ ὑμᾶς ὁρᾶν; Ὡς γάρ ὁ νοῦς ἀφράστως τῇ αἰσθήσει συνημένος ὁρᾷ τά αἰσθητά καί ὡς ἡ αἴσθησις συμβολικῶς καί αἰσθητῶς προτίθεται τά νοητά διά τῆς πρός τόν νοῦν συναφείας, ἐν καταλήψει γενομένη τούτων, οὕτω καί τῷ Πνεύματι ταῦτ᾿ ἄμφω συνημμένα τό ἀόρατον φῶς πνευματικῶς θεάσονται, μᾶλλον δέ συνδιαιωνίσουσι θεώμενα. Τίς οὖν μηχανή τοῦ ἀϊδίως οὕτω περιαυγάζοντος τόθ᾿ ἡμᾶς φωτός ἀφεῖσθαι, ἵνα τῆς σοί νομιζομένης τελεωτάτης θεωρίας ἀπολαύσωμεν; Εἰ δέ νῦν μέν ἀφιέναι τοῦτο τό φῶς καί ὑπερβαίνειν δυνάμεθα, τότε δ᾿ οὔ, κρείττων ἄρ᾿ ἡμῖν ὁ παρών αἰών τοῦ μέλλοντος καί εἰκότως ἐπτόηνται περί αὐτόν οἱ τῷ αἰωνίῳ πολεμοῦντες καί ἀληθινῷ φωτί.

Ἆρ᾿ οὖν ∆ιονύσιος ὁ μέγας τούτοις συμφωνεῖ; Καί πῶς ἆρ᾿ ὁ τό φῶς τοῦτο ἐξυμνήσας πάντων μάλιστα; Τοῦτο μέν οὖν καί προαπεδείξαμεν διά πλειόνων ἐν τοῖς Περί φωτός καί φωτισμοῦ θείου προεξενηνεγμένος λόγοις, ὡς ὅ γε μάλιστα πάντων ἀντικείμενος τοῖς τῷ μεγάλῳ φωτί ἀντικειμένοις, οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ ἐξ Ἀρείου Πάγου τῆς οἰκουμένης φανότατος φωστήρ. Ἀλλά καί νῦν ἀναλαβόντες ἴδωμεν τἀκείνου ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν προβεβλημένα ρήματα. ∆ωροθέῳ τοίνυν οὗτος ἐπιστέλλων λειτουργῷ, «ὁ θεῖος», φησί, «γνόφος ἐστί τό ἀπρόσιτον φῶς δι᾿ ὑπερβολήν ὑπερουσίου φωτοχυσίας˙ ἐν τούτῳ γίνεται πᾶς ὁ Θεόν γνῶναι καί ἰδεῖν ἀξιούμενος, αὐτῷ τῷ μή ὁρᾶν μηδέ γινώσκειν ἐν τῷ ὑπέρ ὅρασιν καί γνῶσιν γινόμενος, τοῦτο αὐτό γινώσκων, ὅτι μετά πάντα ἐστί τά αἰσθητά καί νοητά». Ἐνταῦθα τοίνυν τό αὐτό καί γνόφον λέγει καί φῶς, καί ὁρᾶν καί μή ὁρᾶν, καί γινώσκειν καί μή γινώσκειν. Πῶς οὖν καί σκότος τοῦτο τό φῶς; «∆ι᾿ ὑπερβολήν», (σελ. 508) φησί, «φωτοχυσίας», ὥστε φῶς μέν κυρίως, σκότος δέ καθ᾿ ὑπεροχήν, ὡς ἀόρατον τοῖς δι᾿ αἰσθήσεως ἤ νοῦ ἐνεργειῶν προσιέναι καί ὁρᾶν ἐπιχειροῦσιν.