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more indicative than the name of Christ? For not otherwise could one become or be named Christ than by the pouring on of ointment. And what sort of ointment this was, by which the one indicated was anointed and revealed as Christ, has been shown by us in what has gone before. Since so much has been said concerning the name of Christ, come let us also examine that of Jesus. 4.17.1 Moses first again, using another name for his own successor, renamed him Jesus. For it is written: “These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to spy out the land. And Moses called Nauses, the son of Nave, Jesus, and he sent them.” 4.17.2 See therefore in what way the prophet, having understood not a little about the nature of names, and having philosophized a great deal about the divine men who were renamed by him and for what reasons they were renamed, introduces Abram as receiving as a prize for his virtue from God the complete name of father Abraham, what that signifies is not now the time to clarify. 4.17.3 And so also having named Sara Sarra, and Isaac being called Laughter before his birth, and Jacob having received the prize of the wrestling through the name of Israel, and having set forth myriad other things about the power and nature of names more divine than human with inspired wisdom and knowledge, with no one before him from eternity having used the name of Jesus, he himself first, borne by the divine spirit, calls the one who was to be established as his successor in the rule of the people Jesus, having changed his name from another he had used before, not thinking the name called upon him by his ancestors at his birth to be sufficient; for those who bore him called him Nauses. 4.17.4 But the prophet of God, having changed his name from birth, calls the man Jesus according to the divine will; not otherwise him ... to lead the whole people after his own death, and with the legislation established by him one day to be transformed and to come to an end and, in a way, dying just as Moses himself, that no other than Jesus the Christ of God alone would lead another commonwealth better than the former one. 4.17.5 Thus indeed Moses, the most wonderful of all prophets, having discerned by the divine spirit both the names of our savior Jesus Christ, with these as with royal diadems he honored the most distinguished of all the rulers under him, bestowing Christ and Jesus worthily upon two rulers and leaders of the people, both the high priest and his own successor, having assigned Christ to Aaron, and Jesus to Nauses as the one who would succeed him at his death. 4.17.6 In this way, therefore, the writing of Moses himself was adorned with the names of our savior Jesus Christ. From Exodus. “Behold, I send my angel before your face, that he may guard you on the way, so that he may bring you into the land which I have prepared for you. Pay attention to yourself and listen to him, do not disobey him; for he will not spare you; for my name is upon him.” 4.17.7 My name, says the Lord himself, who is revealing these things to you, has been inscribed on the one who is about to bring the people into the land of promise; but if he himself was Jesus, and no other, it is manifest that he says his own name has been placed upon him. 4.17.8 It is not surprising, therefore, if he also calls him an angel, since concerning John, who was a man, it was said: “Behold, I send my angel before your face, who will prepare your way before you.” 4.17.9 From Zechariah. “And the Lord showed me Jesus the high priest, standing before the face of the angel of the Lord, and the devil stood at his right hand to oppose him. And the Lord said to the devil, may the Lord rebuke you, devil, and may the Lord who has chosen Jerusalem rebuke you; is not this a brand plucked from the fire? And Jesus was clothed in filthy garments, and stood before the face of the angel of the Lord.

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δηλωτικὸν ἢ τὸ τοῦ χριστοῦ ὄνομα; οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄλλως οὔτ' ἂν γένοιτο οὔτ' ἂν ὀνομασθείη χριστὸς ἢ μύρου προσχυθέντος. ὁποῖον δὲ τοῦτο ἦν τὸ μύρον, ᾧ χρισθεὶς ὁ δηλούμενος χριστὸς ἀποπέφανται, διὰ τῶν πρόσθεν ἡμῖν ἀποδέδοται. τοσούτων περὶ τῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ προσηγορίας διηγορευμένων, φέρε καὶ περὶ τῆς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διασκεψώμεθα. 4.17.1 Πρῶτος πάλιν Μωσῆς πρὸς τὸν αὐτοῦ διάδοχον ἑτέρᾳ χρώμενος προσωνυμίᾳ Ἰησοῦν μετωνόμασεν. γέγραπται γάρ· «ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν, οὓς ἀπέστειλεν Μωσῆς κατασκέψασθαι τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐπωνόμασεν Μωσῆς τὸν Ναυσὴν υἱὸν Ναυὴ Ἰησοῦν, καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτούς». 4.17.2 ὅρα δὴ οὖν τίνα τρόπον οὐ μικρὰ νοήσας περὶ φύσεως ὀνομάτων ὁ προφήτης, ἀλλὰ καὶ πλεῖστα ὅσα περὶ τῶν παρ' αὐτῷ μετονομαζομένων θείων ἀνδρῶν καὶ ὧν ἕνεκα μετονομάζονται φιλοσοφήσας, εἰσάγει τὸν Ἀβρὰμ ἔπαθλον ἐπ' ἀρετῇ ἀπολαμβάνοντα πρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν πατρὸς Ἀβραὰμ ἐντελῆ προσηγορίαν, ὅπερ τί ποτε δηλοῖ οὐ νῦν διασαφεῖν καιρός. 4.17.3 οὕτω δὲ καὶ τὴν Σάραν Σάρραν ἐπονομάσας, καὶ Γέλωτα τὸν Ἰσαὰκ πρὸ γενέσεως ἐπικεκλημένον, καὶ τὸν Ἰακὼβ τῆς πάλης τὸ βραβεῖον διὰ τῆς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπωνυμίας ἀναδούμενον, μυρία τε ἄλλα περὶ ὀνομάτων δυνάμεώς τε καὶ φύσεως θειότερα ἢ κατ' ἄνθρωπον ἐνθέῳ σοφίᾳ καὶ ἐπιστήμῃ διαλαβών, μηδενὸς τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ τῶν ἐξ αἰῶνος τῷ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ κεχρημένου ὀνόματι, πρῶτος αὐτὸς θείῳ πνεύματι θεοφορηθεὶς τὸν μέλλοντα αὐτοῦ διάδοχον τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ λαοῦ καταστήσεσθαι, ἑτέρῳ πρότερον ὀνόματι κεχρημένον, μεταβαλὼν Ἰησοῦν καλεῖ, οὐκ ἀρκεῖν ἡγούμενος τὴν ἐκ προγόνων ἐπικληθεῖσαν αὐτῷ γεννωμένῳ προσηγορίαν· Ναυσῆν γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐφώνουν οἱ γεννήσαντες. 4.17.4 ἀλλ' ὅ γε προφήτης τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ἐκ γενετῆς ἀμείψας ὄνομα Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἄνδρα κατὰ τὸ θεῖον νεῦμα καλεῖ· οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτὸν ... καθηγεῖσθαι τοῦ παντὸς λαοῦ μετὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τελευτήν, τῆς δὲ πρὸς αὐτοῦ τεθείσης νομοθεσίας μεταστησομένης ποτὲ καὶ τέλος ἰσχούσης καὶ αὐτῷ γε ὁμοίως Μωσεῖ τρόπον τινὰ τελευτώσης, μηδένα ἕτερον ἢ μόνον Ἰησοῦν τὸν Χριστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ πολιτείας ἑτέρας ἡγήσεσθαι κρείττονος ἢ κατὰ τὴν προτέραν. 4.17.5 οὕτω μὲν δὴ Μωσῆς ὁ πάντων προφητῶν θαυμασιώτατος, ἀμφοτέρας τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ θείῳ πνεύματι διαγνοὺς τὰς ἐπωνυμίας, ταύταις ὡς ἂν βασιλικοῖς διαδήμασιν τοὺς παρ' αὐτὸν πάντων τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐκκρίτους ἐτίμησεν, δυσὶν ἄρχουσιν καὶ ἡγεμόσιν τοῦ λαοῦ, τῷ τε ἀρχιερεῖ καὶ τῷ οἰκείῳ διαδόχῳ, τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιφημίσας κατ' ἀξίαν, τῷ μὲν Ἀαρὼν τὸν Χριστόν, τῷ δὲ Ναυσῇ ὡς ἂν τὴν αὐτοῦ τελευτὴν διαδεξομένῳ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπονείμας. 4.17.6 τοῦτον μὲν οὖν τὸν τρόπον ἡ αὐτοῦ Μωσέως γραφὴ ταῖς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ κεκόσμητο προσηγορίαις. Ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐξόδου. «Ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸπροσώπου σου, ἵνα φυλάσσῃ σε ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ὅπως εἰσαγάγῃ σε εἰς τὴν γῆν, ἣν ἡτοίμασά σοι. πρόσεχε σεαυτῷ καὶ εἰσάκουε αὐτοῦ, μὴ ἀπείθει αὐτῷ· οὐ γὰρ μὴ ὑποστείληταί σε· τὸ γὰρ ὄνομά μού ἐστιν ἐπ' αὐτῷ.» 4.17.7 ἐμοῦ, φησὶν αὐτὸς ὁ κύριος, τοῦ σοι ταῦτα χρηματίζοντος τοὔνομα ἐπιγέγραπται ὁ μέλλων εἰσάξειν τὸν λαὸν εἰς τὴν γῆν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας· εἰ δ' αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, οὐκ ἄλλος, πρόδηλον ὡς τοὔνομα τὸ αὐτοῦ φησιν ἐπιτεθεῖσθαι αὐτῷ. 4.17.8 οὐ θαυμαστὸν οὖν εἰ καὶ ἄγγελον αὐτὸν ἀποκαλεῖ, ὅτε καὶ περὶ Ἰωάννου ἀνθρώπου γεγονότος λέλεκται τὸ «ἰδοὺ ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου πρὸ προσώπου σου, ὃς κατασκευάσει τὴν ὁδόν σου ἔμπροσθέν σου». 4.17.9 Ἀπὸ τοῦ Ζαχαρίου. «Καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι κύριος Ἰησοῦν τὸν ἱερέα τὸν μέγαν, ἑστῶτα πρὸ προσώπου ἀγγέλου κυρίου, καὶ ὁ διάβολος εἱστήκει ἐκ δεξιῶν αὐτοῦ ἀντικεῖσθαι αὐτῷ. καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς τὸν διάβολον, ἐπιτιμήσαι κύριος ἐν σοί, διάβολε, καὶ ἐπιτιμήσαι κύριος ἐν σοὶ ὁ ἐκλεξάμενος τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ· οὐκ ἰδοὺ τοῦτο ὡς δαλὸς ἐξεσπασμένος ἐκ πυρός; καὶ ἦν Ἰησοῦς ἐνδεδυμένος ἱμάτια ῥυπαρά, καὶ εἱστήκει πρὸ προσώπου ἀγγέλου κυρίου.