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to pursue all things with eagerness and ability, before, through the preparation of all such things, one has perfectly kept the sabbath of inaction from evil things and has heard and gone beyond the many-voiced trumpets and has seen and passed by the abundant lights (and these are the glory of God announced through the manifold creations of God, and also the preaching through prophets and apostles and fathers and all the detailed divine instructions), before accomplishing so many things beforehand and with the chosen ones consecrated to God reaching the summit of the divine ascents and seeing the place of God, then also being united to God Himself beyond thought—being divested of all these things, they dare to say that they enter into the superluminous darkness through theology by negation. But we, having sufficiently examined this in our earlier discourses *On Light*, have shown it to be an image of that formless contemplation and of the contemplative fulfillment according to the intellect, beyond the intellect, in the Holy Spirit, but not to be that reality itself. Therefore, all the faithful who have been deemed worthy to receive the mystery can hymn God through negation, but they cannot be united to Him and see Him through light, unless through the fulfillment of the divine commandments they also receive the supernatural power of contemplation.

“But one must also leave behind all the divine lights,” he says, “according to Dionysius of the Areopagus, when entering the mystical darkness; therefore also the divine light itself, if indeed what you advocate is anything at all, should have been left below, (p. 514) and from this it is shown that to see nothing in any way, this is that mystical darkness.” What are you saying, and so you number among the many that light which is co-eternal with the saints, the glory of the divine nature, the beauty of the age to come and that endures, the unoriginate and unceasing kingdom of God? For He who Himself shone on the mountain thus named this light. And what of this divine Dionysius? Does he not clearly say in the *Mystical Theology* that the good cause of all things, while being super-essentially above all things, is revealed unveiled only to those who pass beyond all things profane and pure? If, then, it is revealed to them, and this unveiled, how is it in no way revealed? And if this revelation is theology by negation and this alone is incomprehensibility, as you insist, and according to this the Greeks also theologize, as you also say, then they too have surpassed all purity and the divine light itself, the substance of the good things to come. Alas, that the knowledge of the foolish wise not only comprehends, but even surpasses the promises of the good things to come. But Dionysius, speaking the wisdom of God, would never say this; for the divine lights and the heavenly sounds and the summits of all the saints, which one must leave behind, he listed there in immediate succession, the purifications of Moses before the foot of the mountain in Horeb, the sounds that met him after the foot of the mountain and the spectacles of lights that appeared before him, the separation from the many, after all these things, not the vision of God, but of the place in which He stood, signifying this: that everything that is seen by an activity of sense or of the mind are certain hypothetical principles of things subjected to Him who surpasses all, through which not only He Himself, but also His presence is shown beyond all conception; so that (p. 516) that vision of the place has surpassed even theology by negation, which showed this very thing. If, therefore, the ascent of Moses had been only as far as the vision of this place, they would perhaps have rightly taught that after theology by negation there is from such things no contemplation. But since he is released even from the vision of this place and then enters into the truly mystical darkness in the super-eminent laying aside of every cognitive activity, “being united in a better way to the Unknowable and

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καταδιώκειν ἅπαντας προθυμεῖσθαί τε καί δύνασθαι, πρίν διά τῆς τῶν τοιούτων ἁπάντων παρασκευῆς τελείως σαββατίσαι τήν τῶν κακῶν ἀπραξίαν καί ἀκοῦσαι καί ὑπερβῆναι τάς πολυφώνους σάλπιγγγας καί ἰδεῖν καί παραλλάξαι τά πολύχυτα φῶτα (ταῦτα δέ ἐστιν ἡ διά τῶν πολυειδῶν κτισμάτων τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξαγγελλομένη δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἔστω δέ καί τό διά προφητῶν καί ἀποστόλων καί πατέρων κήρυγμα καί πάνα τά διεξοδικά τῶν θείων παιδεύματα), πρίν προκατορθῶσαι τοσαῦτα καί μετά τῶν ἐκκρίτων καθιερωμένων τῷ Θεῷ πρός τήν τῶν θείων ἀναβάσεων ἀκρότητα φθάσαι καί τόν τόπον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἰδεῖν, εἶτα καί αὐτῷ τῷ Θεῷ ἀπερινοήτως ἑνωθῆναι, τούτων πάντων ἀπολελυμένοι, τολμῶσι λέγειν ὡς εἰς τόν ὑπέρφωτον εἰσδύνουσι γνόφον διά τῆς κατά ἀπόφασιν θεολογίας. Ἡμεῖς δέ ταύτην ἐν τοῖς προτέροις Περί φωτός λόγοις ἱκανῶς ἐξητακότες, εἰκόνα μέν ἐδείξαμεν τῆς ἀνειδέου ἐκείνης θεωρίας καί τῆς κατά νοῦν ὑπέρ νοῦν ἐν ἁγίῳ Πνεύματι θεωρητικῆς ἀποπληρώσεως, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ αὐτήν ἐκείνην οὖσαν. ∆ιό καί πάντες μέν οἱ πιστοί παραδέξασθαι καταξιωθέντες τό μυστήριον, ὑμνεῖν δι᾿ ἀποφάσεως δύνανται Θεόν, οὐ μέντοι καί ἑνοῦσθαι καί ὁρᾶν διά φωτός αὐτόν, εἰ μή καί διά τῆς τῶν θείων ἐντολῶν πληρώσεως τήν ὑπερφυᾶ δύναμιν τῆς θεωρίας δέξονται.

«Ἀλλά καί πάντα τά θεῖα φῶτα δεῖν ἀπολιπεῖν», φησί, «κατά τόν ἐξ Ἀρείου Πάγου ∆ιονύσιον εἰς τόν μυστικόν εἰσδύοντας γνόφον˙ οὐκοῦν καί αὐτό τό θεῖον φῶς, εἴγε καί ὅλως τί ποτέ ἐστιν ἅ ὑμεῖς πρεσβεύετε, χρῆν ἀφεῖναι κάτω, (σελ. 514) κἀντεῦθεν δείκνυται ὡς τό μηδαμῇ μηδέν ὁρᾶν, τοῦτ᾿ ἔστιν ὁ μυστικός ἐκεῖνος γνόφος». Τί φατε καί οὕτω πολλοῖς ἐναρίθμιον τίθεσθε τό φῶς ἐκεῖνο τό συνδιαιωνίζον τοῖς ἁγίοις, τήν δόξαν τῆς φύσεως τῆς θείας, τήν καλλονήν τοῦ μέλλοντος καί μένοντος αἰῶνος, τήν ἄναρχον καί ἀδιάδοχον βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ; Οὕτω γάρ τουτί τό φῶς αὐτός ὁ ἐπί τοῦ ὄρους καί αὐτό λάμψας ἐπωνόμασε. Τί δ᾿ ὁ θεῖος ∆ιονύσιος οὗτος; Οὐκ ἐν τῇ Μυστικῇ θεολογίᾳ φανερῶς φησιν, ὡς ἡ ἀγαθή πάντων αἰτία, πάντων μέν ὑπερουσίως ὑπέρκειται, μόνοις δέ ἀπερικαλύπτως ἐκφαίνεται τοῖς καί τά ἐναγῆ πάντα καί τά καθαρά διαβαίνουσιν; Εἰ γοῦν ἐκείνοις ἐκφαίνεται, καί ταῦτα ἀπερικαλύπτως, πῶς οὐδαμῶς ἐκφαίνεται; Εἰ δέ ἡ ἔκφανσις αὕτη ἡ κατά ἀπόφασίν ἐστι θεολογία καί αὐτή μόνη ἡ ἀκαταληψία, καθάπερ ὑμεῖς διισχυρίζεσθε, κατά ταύτην δέ καί Ἕλληνες θεολογοῦσιν, ὡς καί τοῦθ᾿ ὑμεῖς φατε, οὐκοῦν κἀκεῖνοι πᾶσαν καθαρότητα ὑπερέβησαν καί αὐτό τό θεῖον φῶς, τήν τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν ὑπόστασιν. Φεῦ, ὅτι τῶν μεμωραμένων σοφῶν ἡ γνῶσις οὐ μόνον καταλαμβάνει, ἀλλά καί ὑπερβαίνει τάς ἐπαγγελίας τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν. Ἀλλ᾿ οὐχ ὁ Θεοῦ λαλῶν σοφίαν ∆ιονύσιος τοῦτ᾿ ἄν ποτε φαίη˙ τά γάρ θεῖα φῶτα καί τούς οὐρανίους ἤχους καί τάς πασῶν ἁγίων ἀκρότητας, ἅ δεῖν ἀπολιμπάνειν ἐφεξῆς εὐθύς ἐκεῖ κατέλεξε, τάς πρό τῆς ὑπωρείας ἐν Χωρήβ τοῦ Μωσέως καθάρσεις, τούς μετά τήν ὑπώρειαν ἀπαντήσαντας ἤχους καί τά προφανέντα τῶν φώτων θεάματα, τόν ἀπό τῶν πολλῶν ἀφορισμόν, τήν μετά ταῦτα πάντα οὐχ ὅρασιν Θεοῦ, ἀλλά τοῦ τόπου ἐν ᾧ ἔστη τοῦτο σημαίνοντος, ὅτι πᾶν ὅ αἰσθήσεως ἐνεργείᾳ ἤ νοός ὁρᾶται, ὑποθετικοί τινές εἰσι λόγοι τῶν ὑποβεβλημένων τῷ πάντα ὑπερέχοντι, δι᾿ ὧν ὑπέρ πᾶσαν ἐπίνοιαν οὐκ αὐτός μόνον, ἀλλά καί ἡ παρουσία αὐτοῦ δείκνυται˙ ὥστε (σελ. 516) ἡ τοῦ τόπου ἐκείνη θέα καί τήν κατά ἀπόφασιν θεολογίαν ὑπερβέβηκεν, ἥ τοῦτο ἔδειξεν αὐτό. Εἰ μέν οὖν μέχρι τῆς τοῦ τόπου τούτου θέας ἡ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ἦν ἀνάβασις, καλῶς ἄν ἴσως ἀπό τῶν τοιούτων μηδεμίαν θεωρίαν εἶναι μετά τήν κατά ἀπόφασιν θεολογίαν ἐδογμάτιζον. Ἐπεί δέ καί τῆς θέας τοῦ τόπου τούτου ἀπολύεται καί τότε εἰς τόν γνόφον εἰσδύνει τόν ὄντως μυστικόν ἐν τῇ πάσης γνωστικῆς ἐνεργείας ὑπεροχικῶς ἀποθέσει, «τῷ ἀγνώστῳ κατά τό κρεῖττον ἑνούμενος καί