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examination, but pardon for the time being. For if He had done this, all would have been immediately snatched away; For all have sinned, he says, and fall short of the glory of God. Do you see the unspeakable excess of love for mankind? He who believes in the Son is not judged; but he who does not believe is judged already. And yet if He did not come for this purpose, to judge the world, how is the unbeliever already judged, if the time of judgment is not yet present? He either means this, that unbelief itself without repentance is punishment; for to be outside 59.163 the light, is in itself the greatest penalty; or He is proclaiming what is to come. For just as a murderer, even if he is not condemned by the vote of the judge, has been condemned by the nature of the deed, so too is the unbeliever. Since Adam also on the day that he ate from the tree, died. For so the sentence held: On whatever day you eat of the tree, he says, you shall die. And yet he lived. How then did he die? By the sentence and by the nature of the deed. For he who has made himself liable to punishment, is under penalty, even if not in actuality for the time being, but by the verdict. For so that no one, hearing, I did not come to judge the world, might think he could sin without penalty, and become more careless, He also blocks off this negligence, saying, He is judged already. For since the judgment was to come, and was not yet present, He brings the fear of the penalty near, and shows the punishment already. And this very thing is of great love for mankind, not only to have given the Son, but also to have postponed the time of judgment, so that there may be an opportunity for those who have sinned and who disbelieve to wash away their offenses. He who believes in the Son is not judged; he who believes, not he who is over-curious; he who believes, not he who is meddlesome. What then, if he has an unclean life and deeds that are not good? Paul indeed says that such men are not even genuine believers; For they profess to know God, but by their deeds they deny him. But here he says this, that for this reason he is not judged, but for his deeds he will pay a more severe penalty, while for unbelief he is not punished because he once believed. 2. Do you see how, having begun with fearful things, He has ended up again with these very same things? For at the beginning He said, Unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he shall not enter into the kingdom of God; and here again, that He who does not believe in the Son is judged already; that is, do not think that the postponement benefits at all one who has already become liable, if he does not change. For he who has not believed will be in no better state than those already condemned and being punished. And this is the judgment, that the light has come into the world, and men loved the darkness rather than the light. What He says is something like this: For this reason they are punished, because they were not willing to leave the darkness and run to the light. Here, then, He also deprives them of all excuse. For if I had come to punish, he says, and demanding an account of what has been done, they would have been able to say that for this reason we leaped away. But now I have come to deliver from darkness, and to lead to the light. Who then would have mercy on one who is not willing to approach the light from the darkness? For having nothing to accuse us of, but having received countless benefits, he says, they leap away from us. This He also said elsewhere, reproaching them, They hated me without a cause; and again, If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin. For one sitting in darkness in the absence of light, might perhaps have pardon; but he who, after its presence, persists in the darkness itself, brings against himself proof of a perverted and contentious mind. Then, since what was said seemed incredible to many (for no one would prefer darkness to light), He also states the cause from which they suffered this. What then is this? For their works, he says, were evil. And every one that does evil hates the light, and does not come to the light, lest his 59.164 works should be revealed. And yet He came not judging nor examining, but pardoning and forgiving offenses, and giving salvation through faith. How then did they flee? For if He had come into a court and sat down, what was said would have some reason; for he who is conscious of evil in himself, the

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ἐξέτασιν, ἀλλὰ συγχώρησιν τέως. Ἐπεὶ εἰ τοῦτο ἐποίησεν, ἅπαντες ἂν ἀθρόον ἀνηρπάσθησαν· Πάντες γὰρ ἥμαρτον, φησὶν, καὶ ὑστεροῦνται τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ. Εἶδες φιλανθρωπίας ἄφατον ὑπερβολήν; Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ κρίνεται· ὁ δὲ μὴ πιστεύων, ἤδη κέκριται. Καὶ μὴν εἰ μὴ διὰ τοῦτο ἦλθεν, ἵνα κρίνῃ τὸν κόσμον, πῶς ὁ μὴ πιστεύων ἤδη κέκριται, εἰ μηδέπω πάρεστι τῆς κρίσεως ὁ καιρός; Ἢ τοῦτο οὖν φησιν, ὅτι αὐτὸ τὸ ἀπιστεῖν ἀμετανόητα, κόλασίς ἐστι· τὸ γὰρ ἐκτὸς εἶναι 59.163 τοῦ φωτὸς, καὶ κατ' αὐτὸ μεγίστην ἔχει τὴν τιμωρίαν· ἢ τὸ μέλλον προαναφωνεῖ. Καθάπερ γὰρ ὁ φονεύων, κἂν μὴ τῇ ψήφῳ τοῦ κρίνοντος καταδικασθῇ, τῇ τοῦ πράγματος καταδεδίκασται φύσει, οὕτω καὶ ὁ ἄπιστος. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ὁ Ἀδὰμ ᾗ ἡμέρᾳ ἔφαγεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου, ἀπέθανεν. Οὕτω γὰρ καὶ ἡ ἀπόφασις εἶχεν· Ἧ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ φάγητε ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου, φησὶν, ἀποθανεῖσθε. Καίτοι γε ἔζη. Πῶς οὖν ἀπέθανε; Τῇ ἀποφάσει καὶ τῇ τοῦ πράγματος φύσει. Ὁ γὰρ ὑπεύθυνον ἑαυτὸν τῇ κολάσει ποιήσας, ὑπὸ τὴν τιμωρίαν ἐστὶ, κἂν μὴ τῷ πράγματι τέως, ἀλλὰ τῇ ψήφῳ. Ἵνα γὰρ μὴ ἀκούσας τις, ὅτι Οὐκ ἦλθον ἵνα κρίνω τὸν κόσμον, ἀτιμωρητὶ νομίσῃ ἁμαρτάνειν, καὶ ῥᾳθυμότερος γένηται, καὶ ταύτην ἀποτειχίζει τὴν ὀλιγωρίαν, λέγων, Ἤδη κέκριται. Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ ἔμελλεν ἡ κρίσις, καὶ οὔπω παρῆν, ἐγγὺς ἄγει τὸν φόβον τῆς τιμωρίας, καὶ δείκνυσιν ἤδη τὴν κόλασιν. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ αὐτὸ πολλῆς φιλανθρωπίας ἐστὶ, τὸ μὴ μόνον δοῦναι τὸν Υἱὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν τῆς κρίσεως ἀναβάλλεσθαι καιρὸν, ἵνα γένηται ἐξουσία τοῖς ἡμαρτηκόσι καὶ τοῖς ἀπιστοῦσιν ἀπονίψασθαι τὰ πεπλημμελημένα. Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν, οὐ κρίνεται· ὁ πιστεύων, οὐχ ὁ περιεργαζόμενος· ὁ πιστεύων, οὐχ ὁ πολυπραγμονῶν. Τί οὖν, ἂν ἀκάθαρτον βίον ἔχῃ καὶ πράξεις οὐκ ἀγαθάς; Μάλιστα μὲν τοὺς τοιούτους οὐδὲ γνησίους εἶναι πιστοὺς ὁ Παῦλός φησι· Θεὸν γὰρ ὁμολογοῦσιν εἰδέναι, τοῖς δὲ ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται. Πλὴν ἐνταῦθα ἐκεῖνό φησιν, ὅτι κατ' αὐτὸ τοῦτο οὐ κρίνεται, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν ἔργων χαλεπωτέραν δώσει δίκην, ἀπιστίας δὲ ἕνεκα οὐ κολάζεται διὰ τὸ πιστεῦσαι ἅπαξ. βʹ. Ὁρᾷς πῶς ἀπὸ φοβερῶν ἀρξάμενος, εἰς αὐτὰ δὴ ταῦτα πάλιν κατέληξεν; Ἀρχόμενος μὲν γὰρ ἔλεγεν, Ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ Πνεύματος, οὐ μὴ εἰσέλθῃ εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ· ἐνταῦθα δὲ πάλιν, ὅτι Ὁ μὴ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν, ἤδη κέκριται τουτέστι, μὴ νομίσῃς τὴν ἀναβολὴν ὠφελεῖν τι τὸν ὑπεύθυνον ἤδη γεγενημένον, ἐὰν μὴ μεταβάληται. Τῶν γὰρ ἤδη καταδικασθέντων καὶ κολαζομένων οὐδὲν ἄμεινον διακείσεται ὁ μὴ πιστεύσας. Αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι ἦλθε τὸ φῶς εἰς τὸν κόσμον, καὶ ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς. Ὃ δὲ λέγει, τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· ∆ιὰ τοῦτο κολάζονται, ὅτι σκότος ἀφεῖναι καὶ φωτὶ προσδραμεῖν οὐκ ἠβουλήθησαν. Ἐνταῦθα λοιπὸν καὶ ἀπολογίας αὐτοὺς ἀποστερεῖ πάσης. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἦλθον κολάζων, φησὶ, καὶ ἀπαιτῶν εὐθύνας τῶν πεπραγμένων, εἶχον εἰπεῖν ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο ἀπεπηδήσαμεν. Νῦν δὲ ἦλθον ἀπαλλάξαι σκότους, καὶ πρὸς φῶς ἀγαγεῖν. Τίς οὖν τὸν μὴ βουλόμενον ἀπὸ σκότους φωτὶ προσελθεῖν ἐλεήσειεν ἄν; Οὐδὲν γὰρ ἔχοντες ἡμῖν ἐγκαλεῖν, ἀλλὰ μυρία εὐεργετούμενοι, φησὶν, ἀποπηδῶσιν ἡμῶν. Τοῦτο καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ἐγκαλῶν αὐτοῖς ἔλεγεν, Ἐμίσησάν με δωρεάν· καὶ πάλιν, Εἰ μὴ ἦλθον καὶ ἐλάλησα αὐτοῖς, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἶχον. Ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἐν ἀπουσίᾳ φωτὸς ἐν σκότει καθήμενος, ἴσως ἂν συγγνώμην σχοίη· ὁ δὲ μετὰ τὴν παρουσίαν αὐτῷ τῷ σκότει προσεδρεύων, διεστραμμένης γνώμης καὶ φιλονείκου τεκμήριον ἐπιφέρει καθ' ἑαυτοῦ. Εἶτα ἐπειδὴ ἐδόκει τὸ εἰρημένον ἄπιστον εἶναι τοῖς πολλοῖς (οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἂν σκότος προτιμήσειε φωτὸς), τίθησι καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν ἀφ' ἧς τοῦτο ἔπαθον. Τίς οὖν ἐστιν αὕτη; Ἦν γὰρ αὐτῶν, φησὶ, πονηρὰ τὰ ἔργα. Πᾶς δὲ ὁ τὰ φαῦλα πράσσων, μισεῖ τὸ φῶς, καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς, ἵνα μὴ φανερωθῇ αὐτοῦ τὰ 59.164 ἔργα. Καὶ μὴν οὐ κρίνων οὐδὲ ἐξετάζων ἦλθεν, ἀλλὰ συγχωρῶν καὶ ἀφιεὶς τὰ πλημμεληθέντα, καὶ ἀπὸ πίστεως σωτηρίαν διδούς. Πῶς οὖν ἔφυγον; Εἰ μὲν γὰρ εἰς δικαστήριον ἐλθὼν ἐκάθισεν, εἶχέ τινα λόγον τὸ εἰρημένον· ὁ γὰρ πονηρὰ συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ, τὸν