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the land of Judea, He Himself and His disciples, and there He tarried with them, and baptized. 1. Nothing could be clearer or stronger than truth, just as nothing is weaker than falsehood, even if it is cloaked by ten thousand veils. For even so it is easily detected and readily collapses. But truth lies naked before all who wish to contemplate her beauty; she neither wishes to be hidden, nor fears danger, nor trembles at plots, nor desires glory from the many, nor is she accountable 59.166 to any other human thing; but she stands above all things, receiving countless plots, yet remaining unconquerable, and guarding those who flee to her, as in a safe little wall, by the excess of her own power, both turning aside secret attacks, and setting forth her own things in the midst for all. This, indeed, Christ also showed when discoursing with Pilate, saying, I have always taught openly, and in secret I have said nothing. This He both said then, and did now. After these things He came into the 59.167 land of Judea, He Himself and His disciples, and there He tarried, and baptized. For during the feasts He would go up to the city, so as to set forth His doctrines in their midst, and the benefit from His miracles; but after the feasts were over, He often came to the Jordan, since many flocked together there also. And He always occupied places where crowds gathered, not showing off or seeking honor, but eager to provide the benefit from Himself to more people. And yet the Evangelist, going on, says that Jesus did not baptize, but His disciples; whence it is clear that here too he means this, that they alone were baptizing. And for what reason, he says, did He not baptize? John had said before, that He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire; but the Spirit He had not yet given. Therefore He rightly did not baptize; but the disciples did this, wishing to bring many to the saving teaching. And why, when the disciples of Jesus were baptizing, did John not cease from doing this, but he too remained baptizing, and did this until his entrance into prison? For to say, And John also was baptizing in Aenon; and to add, For he had not yet been cast into prison, was to show that until then he did not cease from doing this. And for what reason, he says, did he baptize until then? And yet he would have made the disciples of Jesus seem more venerable, if he had ceased when they began. For what reason then did he baptize? So that he might not cast his own disciples into greater jealousy, and make them more contentious. For if, by crying out ten thousand times, and always yielding the first place to Christ, and so humbling himself, he did not persuade them to run to Him; if he had added this also, he would have made them far more contentious. For this reason also Christ then especially began to preach, when John was out of the way. And I think that for this reason also the death of John was permitted and came upon him so swiftly, so that the entire disposition of the multitude might be transferred to Christ, and they might no longer be divided in their opinions concerning both. And besides these things, even while baptizing he did not cease from continually exhorting and pointing out the great and venerable things of Jesus. He baptized for no other reason, than only unto Him who was coming after him, that they might believe. How then would he who preached this have made the disciples of Christ seem venerable? For by ceasing, on the contrary, he would have seemed to do this out of jealousy or anger; but by persevering in preaching, he made these things stronger. For he was not acquiring glory for himself, but was sending his hearers to Christ, and he cooperated with Him no less than the disciples, but even much more, inasmuch as his testimony was beyond suspicion, and he had a much greater reputation among all than they did. This, therefore, the Evangelist also hinted at, saying, that all Judea and the region around the Jordan went out and were baptized by him. And while the disciples were baptizing, many did not cease to go to him

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Ἰουδαίαν γῆν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκεῖ διέτριβε μετ' αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐβάπτιζεν. αʹ. Οὐδὲν τῆς ἀληθείας φανερώτερον, οὐδὲ ἰσχυρότερον γένοιτ' ἂν, ὥσπερ τοῦ ψεύδους οὐδὲν ἀσθενέστερον, κἂν μυρίοις παραπετάσμασι συσκιάζηται. Εὐφώρατόν τε γὰρ καὶ οὕτω γίνεται, καὶ καταῤῥεῖ ῥᾳδίως. Ἡ δὲ ἀλήθεια γυμνὴ πρόκειται πᾶσι τοῖς βουλομένοις αὐτῆς τὴν ὥραν περισκοπεῖν· καὶ οὔτε λανθάνειν βούλεται, οὔτε κίνδυνον δέδοικεν, οὐκ ἐπιβουλὰς τρέμει, οὐ δόξης ἐφίεται τῆς παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν, οὐκ ἄλλῳ τινὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων ἐστὶν ὑπεύθυ 59.166 νος· ἀλλὰ πάντων ἕστηκεν ἀνωτέρω, δεχομένη μὲν μυρίας ἐπιβουλὰς, μένουσα δὲ ἀκαταγώνιστος, καὶ τοὺς πρὸς αὐτὴν καταφεύγοντας, ὥσπερ ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ τειχίῳ φυλάττουσα, τῇ τῆς οἰκείας δυνάμεως ὑπερβολῇ, καὶ τὰς μὲν λαθραίους ἐκτρεπομένη καταδύσεις, πᾶσι δὲ εἰς τὸ μέσον προτιθεῖσα τὰ παρ' ἑαυτῆς. Τοῦτο γοῦν καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ Πιλάτῳ διαλεγόμενος ἐδήλου λέγων· Ἐγὼ πάντοτε παῤῥησίᾳ ἐδίδαξα, καὶ ἐν κρυφῇ ἐλάλησα οὐδέν. Τοῦτο καὶ τότε εἶπε, καὶ νῦν ἔπραξεν. Μετὰ ταῦτα ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Ἰου 59.167 δαίαν γῆν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκεῖ διέτριβε, καὶ ἐβάπτιζεν. Ἐν μὲν γὰρ ταῖς ἑορταῖς εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀνῄει, ὥστε ἐν μέσοις αὐτοῖς προτιθέναι τὰ δόγματα, καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν θαυμάτων ὠφέλειαν· μετὰ δὲ τὸ λυθῆναι τὰς ἑορτὰς, ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰορδάνην πολλάκις ἤρχετο, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πολλοὶ συνέτρεχον. Τοὺς δὲ πολυοχλοῦντας ἀεὶ κατελάμβανε τόπους, οὐκ ἐπιδεικνύμενος οὐδὲ φιλοτιμούμενος, ἀλλὰ πλείοσι τὴν παρ' ἑαυτοῦ παρέχειν ὠφέλειαν σπουδάζων. Καίτοι προϊών φησιν ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς, ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἐβάπτιζεν, ἀλλ' οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ· ὅθεν δῆλον, ὅτι καὶ ἐνταῦθα τοῦτο λέγει, ὅτι αὐτοὶ ἐβάπτιζον μόνοι. Καὶ τίνος ἕνεκεν, φησὶν, οὐκ ἐβάπτιζεν; Προλαβὼν Ἰωάννης εἶπεν, ὅτι Αὐτὸς ὑμᾶς βαπτίσει ἐν Πνεύματι ἁγίῳ, καὶ πυρί· Πνεῦμα δὲ οὔπω ἦν δεδωκώς. Εἰκότως οὖν οὐκ ἐβάπτιζεν· οἱ δὲ μαθηταὶ τοῦτο ἔπραττον, βουλόμενοι πολλοὺς προσάγειν τῇ σωτηριώδει διδασκαλίᾳ. Καὶ τί δήποτε, τῶν μαθητῶν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ βαπτιζόντων, οὐκ ἐπαύσατο Ἰωάννης τοῦτο ποιῶν, ἀλλὰ μεμένηκε καὶ αὐτὸς βαπτίζων, καὶ μέχρι τῆς εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον εἰσαγωγῆς τοῦτο ἔπραττε; Τὸ γὰρ εἰπεῖν, Ἦν δὲ καὶ Ἰωάννης βαπτίζων ἐν Αἰνών· καὶ ἐπαγαγεῖν, Οὔπω γὰρ ἦν βεβλημένος εἰς τὴν φυλακὴν, δηλοῦντος ἦν, ὅτι ἕως τότε οὐκ ἐπαύσατο τοῦτο ποιῶν. Καὶ τίνος, φησὶν, ἕνεκεν ἕως τότε ἐβάπτιζε; καίτοι γε σεμνοτέρους ἂν ἀπέφηνε τοὺς μαθητὰς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, εἴ γε ἐκείνων ἀρξαμένων αὐτὸς ἐπαύσατο. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν ἐβάπτιζεν; Ἵνα μὴ τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ μαθητὰς εἰς πλείονα ζῆλον ἐμβάλῃ, καὶ φιλονεικοτέρους ἐργάσηται. Εἰ γὰρ μυριάκις βοῶν, καὶ τῶν πρωτείων ἀεὶ τῷ Χριστῷ παραχωρῶν, καὶ τοσοῦτον ἑαυτὸν ἐλαττῶν, οὐκ ἔπεισεν αὐτοὺς αὐτῷ προσδραμεῖν· εἰ καὶ τοῦτο προσέθηκε, πολλῷ φιλονεικοτέρους ἂν ἐποίησε. ∆ιὰ τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς τότε μάλιστα ἤρξατο κηρύττειν, ὅτε ἐκποδὼν ὁ Ἰωάννης ἐγένετο. Οἶμαι δὲ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο συγχωρηθῆναι τὴν τελευτὴν Ἰωάννου καὶ ταχίστην αὐτῷ γενέσθαι, ὥστε πᾶσαν τοῦ πλήθους τὴν διάθεσιν ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστὸν μετελθεῖν, καὶ μηκέτι ταῖς περὶ ἀμφοτέρων ἑαυτοὺς σχίζεσθαι γνώμαις. Χωρὶς δὲ τούτων, καὶ ἐν τῷ βαπτίζειν οὐκ ἐπαύσατο συνεχῶς παραινῶν, καὶ μεγάλα καὶ σεμνὰ δεικνὺς τὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ. Ἐβάπτιζε δι' οὐδὲν ἕτερον, ἢ μόνον εἰς τὸν ἐρχόμενον μετ' αὐτὸν, ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν. Ὁ τοίνυν τοῦτο κηρύττων, πῶς ἂν σεμνοὺς ἀπέφηνε τοὺς μαθητὰς τοῦ Χριστοῦ; Παυσάμενος γὰρ, τοὐναντίον ἂν ἔδοξε ζήλῳ ἢ ὀργῇ τοῦτο ποιεῖν· τῷ δὲ ἐπιμεῖναι κηρύττων, ἰσχυρότερα ταῦτα ἀπέφηνε. Οὐ γὰρ ἑαυτῷ τὴν δόξαν ἐκτᾶτο, ἀλλὰ τῷ Χριστῷ παρέπεμπε τοὺς ἀκροωμένους, καὶ οὐχ ἧττον τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτῷ συνέπραττεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πολλῷ μᾶλλον, ὅσῳ καὶ ἀνύποπτος αὐτοῦ ἡ μαρτυρία ἦν, καὶ πολλῷ μείζονα δόξαν παρὰ πᾶσιν εἶχεν ἐκείνων. Ὅπερ οὖν καὶ ὁ Εὐαγγελιστὴς αἰνιττόμενος ἔλεγεν, ὅτι Ἐξήρχοντο, καὶ ἐβαπτίζοντο πρὸς αὐτὸν πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία καὶ ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου. Καὶ τῶν μαθητῶν δὲ βαπτιζόντων, οὐ διέλιπον πολλοὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν